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MaterialforReviewoftheIntroductiontotheUKandUSAI.TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglishorChinese:91.boarder2.Utopia3.civilservants4.DoomsdayBook5.GettysburgAddress6.LouisianaPurchase7.compulsoryfull-timeeducation8.HouseofLancaster9.Roundheads10.theBritishIsles11.infant’sschool12.ThomasRobertMalthus13.bylaw14.thedivinerightofkings15.AmericanCivilWar16.BoeingAircraftCompany17.boardingschool18.TudorMonarchy19.RumpParliament20.LowlandBritain21.theGreatCentralPlain22.elevenplus23.lion'sshare24.EuropeanCommunity25.DarkAges26.ProclamationofEmancipation27.EtonCollege28.Pilgrimage29.Diggers30.HighlandBritain1.最高法院2.宪章运动3.保守党4.珍珠港5.大陆会议6.洛迦诺公约7.异教徒8.火药阴谋9.保皇派10.-格林威治皇家天文台11.阿拉斯加12.人民宪章13.工党14.冷战15.独立宣言.16.就业法17.三年法18.短期议会19.议会派20.英伦三岛21.夏威夷22.光荣的孤立23.服务业〈第三产业)24.国务卿25.自由之子26.工会法27.大抗议书28.残余议会29.威廉一世30.君主立宪99II.Choosethebestanswerfroma,b,candd:1.ThenameGreatBritainwasnotappliedtothislargeislanduntilthe____century.a.13thb.15thc.17thd.18th2.Thestatechurch,thatis,ChurchofEnglandissaid____innature.a.Catholicb.Anglicanc.Protestantd.Presbyterian3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribeKingJohn(1199-1216)?a.Hehadabadreputationbeforehewascrowned,andhequarreledwiththePopeovertheappointmentofthearchbishopofCanterbury.b.WarfarewithFranceresultedinthelossofmostofEngland'sholdingsinFrance,sohegotthenicknameJohnLackland.c.bothaandbd.noneoftheabove4.Christianity,oneofthegreatworldreligions,regardedashavingbeenfoundedby____,inthefirstcenturyA.D.,hastwotextbooks:theOldandNewTestaments.a.Mohammedb.Gautamac.JesusChristd.Pope5.Whichofthefollowingisthefounderofmodernnursing?a.RichardArkwrightb.WilliamGladstonec.FlorenceNightingaled.CharlesDarwin6.Accordingtothetextbook,whichofthefollowingstatementsisincludedintheAmericandream?a.Thosewhoworkhardcanbecomerichovernight.b.Equalchanceforeveryone.c.Equalpayforallthosewhoworkhard.d.freedomofspeech.7.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthe13colonies?9\na.SouthCarolina,NorthCarolina,RhodeIslandb.Delaware,NewHampshire,Pennsylvaniac.Maryland,Connecticut,NewJerseyd.Massachusetts,Virginia,Georgia8.Largenumbersoffrontiersmenmovedwestward,theMajorityofthem____.a.traveledbysteamboatsb.traveledalongruggedroads,drivingtheirwagonsc.travelbycarsd.wentonrafts9.With____cameWorldWarIIandtheUS,atfirstonlyasourceofarms,in1941,aftertheJapaneseattackonPearlHarbor,joinedthe____joinincrushingthe____powers.a.1940,Axis,Alliesb.1939,Axis,Alliesc.1940,Allies,Axisd.1939,Allies,Axis10.Theexecutivebranchofthegovernmentisheadedby____,electedwiththeVice-Presidentinnationalelectionsat____intervals.a.Congress,6-yearb.thePresident,4-yearc.theSupremeCourt,4-yeard.thePresident,5-year11.WhichofthefollowingisthemostimportantriverinEngland?a.theSevernb.theThamesc.theTrentd.theGreatOuse12.WhichofthefollowingistheearliestnativesinBritain?a.Romansb.Celtsc.Jutesd.Anglo-Saxons13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheEnglishLollards?a.FollowersofWycliffe,Oxfordreformers,andtheydemandedreformationofthechurchb.TheybecameabsorbedintotheProtestantmovementinthe16thcenturyc.bothaandbd.noneoftheabove14.Britain’scottontextileindustrydevelopedrapidlybythe____century.a.19thb.18thc.16thd.17th15.WhichofthefollowingisnotatitleoftheEnglishnobility?a.dukeb.earlc.viscountd.knight16.Whichofthefollowingisanationalholidayobservedonthe4thThursdayinNovemberintheUS?Itwasfirstcelebratedin1621bythePilgrimFathers.a.IndependenceDayb.Mother’sDayc.ThanksgivingDayd.MemorialDay17.WhichofthefollowingisthehistoriccoreoftheUS,andtheareaoforiginalsettlement,andaretodayoneofthecentersofpopulationandindustry?a.MiddleAtlanticstatesb.MiddleWestc.NewEnglandd.Southernstates18.The____branchofthegovernmentisheadedbythepresident,electedwiththeVice-presidentinnationalelectionsat____intervals.a.legislative,6-yearsb.executive,4-yearc.judiciary,4-yeard.executive,5-year19.TheSevenYears’Warbrokeoutin1756wasawarbetweenFranceand____.a.Indianb.Britainc.Italyd.America20.ThemostprestigiousuniversitiesintheUSare____,____and____.a.HarvardinNewJersey,YaleinCambridge,PrincetoninNewHavenb.HarvardinCambridge,YaleinNewHaven,PrincetoninNewJerseyc.HarvardinNewHaven,YaleinCambridge,PrincetoninNewYorkd.YaleinNewHaven,HarvardinNewYork,ColombiainCambridge21.WhichofthefollowingisthesmallestbothinareaandpopulationoftheislandofGreatBritain?a.Scotlandb.Walesc.Englandd.Ireland22.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotcharacteristicoftheBritishpeople'sconservation?9\na.Theyarereluctanttojoinfreetalk.b.Theyoftenrefusetomakesuddenchange,andareeasilyclingtowhatistraditionalandfamiliar.c.Theiroldcurrencydidnotbecomedecimaluntil1971d.Oldbuildingsareconsideredasagloriousplaceforoffice.23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofHenryII'sreformofthelaw?a.Hearrangedthecircuitsofjudgesthroughoutthecountry.b.Thejudgesgavetheirmainattentiontoinvestigatingthebarons'propertyandabuseofprivileges.c.Noonewastobetriedwithouttheaccusationbythejuries.d.Thepettyjuriespracticedtrialbyordeal.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcharacteristicofElizabethI?a.SheisthedaughterofHenryVIIIbyhissecondwifeAnneBoleyn.b.SheencouragedEnglishadventurerstomakeexplorationsinAmericaandAfrica.c.ShewantedtomarryoneoftheFrenchking'sbrothers.d.Shewasthefoundation-layeroftheEnglishEmpirewhichwasgoingtotakeshape.25.Theareaoftheso-calledsun-never-settingempirewasabout____timesaslargeasGreatBritain.a.135b.110c.100d.9026.DeclarationofIndependencewasdrawnupandadoptedby_theSecondContinentalCongressat____andofficiallypassedonJuly4,1776.a.Bostonb.Philadelphiac.NewYorkd.Washington,D.C.27.Whichofthefollowingistheregionwheretobacco,riceandcottonarethechiefcrops?a.NewJersey,Pennsylvania,Delawareb.Virginia,Georgia,Alabama,SouthCarolinac.Texas,Oklahomad.California,Oregon,Washington28.The____branchconsistsofCongress,an____bodywhichcomprisestheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.a.legislative,appointedb.executive,appointedc.legislative,electedd.executive,elected29.ThefirstContinentalCongressconvenedin____wasinsessionfromSeptember5toOctober26,____.a.Philadelphia,1774b.Boston,1774c.NewYork,1776d.Philadelphia,177630.IntheU.S.thebestelementaryandhighschoolsare____.a.privateboardingschoolsb.publicschoolsc.grammarschoolsd.secondarymodernschools1.美国的五大湖汇经____河注入大西洋。a..哈得逊b.密西西比c.圣劳伦斯d.俄亥俄2.1859年美国爆发了由____领导的黑人和白人的起义。a.谢司b.约翰?布朗c.潘恩、d.泰勒3.在纽约市中心东河西岸有座四十层高的建筑物,外形就像竖立着的火柴盒,那就是____。a.帝国大厦b.世界贸易中心大厦c.联合国总部d.国立美术馆4.对老企业进行一次"电子心脏移植",是美国工业发展策略之一,它是指____。a.剌激投资b.重视经营管理c.加强传统产业的技术改造d.发展高科技产业5.根据____,每个成年公民只要缴付十美元的证件费就可领到西部160英亩的土地。a.解放黑奴宣言b.葛底斯堡演说c.宅地法d.人身自由法6.在大不列颠岛的三个部分中,英格兰占全岛面积的____。a.50b.60c.30d.707.1943年2月2日在____中歼灭了被包围的德军25万人,这是第二次世界大战的转折点。a.斯大林格勒会战b.攻克柏林c.诺曼底登陆d.偷袭珍珠港8.英国资产阶级革命发展的顶点是____。a.废除上议院和王权b.处决查理一世c.建立共和国d.第二次内战的结束9\n9.在1164年通过的《克拉伦登约章》的实质是____。a.扩大教会法庭的权力b.明确数会的权限c.限制教会法庭的权力d.限制宗教自由10.英国议会由____组成。a.英王,参院,众院b.国王,上下两院c.英王,首相,上下两院d.上下两院,首相,内阁大臣11.在美国全国营运的总吨英里中____运输为最大项。a.公路b.航空c.铁路d.水路12.林肯当选总统后,南部的____于1860年12月20日首先宣布脱离联邦。a.南卡罗来纳b.弗吉尼亚c.北卡罗来纳d.佐治亚13.纽约市的黑人居住区是____。a.布鲁克林b.曼哈顿c.布朗克斯d.哈莱姆14.华盛顿于____年在____就任美国第一任总统。a.1776,费城b.1789年,纽约c.1776,波士顿d.1789,哥伦比亚特区15.在美国的五大湖中只有____湖属美国,其余均为与加拿大共有。a.苏比利尔b.休伦c.安大略d.密执根16.英国下议院议员由选举产生,每届任期____年,任期届满,全部改选。a.3b.4c.5d.617.本世纪50-60年代英国政府奉行____的保证充分就业的政策。a.凯恩斯b.撒切尔c.马尔萨斯d.艾顿18.克伦威尔的护国公制度的实质是____。a.垂帘听政b.民主政治c.封建专制d.军事政治19.亨利二世与教会之间的冲突的结果是____遭杀害。a.亨利二世b.克兰默c.托马斯﹒莫尔d.托马斯﹒贝克特20.我们习惯上一直用“英国”称呼整个联合王国,这并不是因为____。a.大不列颠的三部分中,英格兰的面积最大b.英格兰的人口最多c.英格兰是首都伦敦的所在地d.英格兰人使用英语21.美国的____在1915年成为一个独立机构,代表政府监督商业企业,防止"不公开的竞争"和"不公平或欺骗性行为"。a.劳联b.产联c.联邦贸易委员会d.州际商业委员会22.1865年4月9日南部____将军率残军向联军的____将军投降。a.李,格兰特b.康华利,格兰特c.李,米德d.康华利,谢尔曼23.美国最大的铁路中心是____。a.芝加哥b.纽约c.旧金山d.匹兹堡24.1789年华盛顿被选为首任总统,并连任至1797年,其后____和_____分别任第二和第三任总统。a.亚当斯,杰斐迁b.杰斐逊,亚当斯c.亚当斯,麦迪逊d.杰斐逊,门罗25.密西西比河以____河为源,全长6262公里。a.密苏里b.科罗拉多c.俄亥俄d.哈得逊26.凡年满____岁的英国人,有选区2名选民提名和8名选民同意,便可登记为该选区的下议院候选人。a.18b.19c.20d.2127.本世纪50-60年代英国政府奉行凯恩斯的____的政策。a.公平稳定的价格b.保证充分就业c.持续增长d.足够的外汇[储备28.1660年查理登上王位,称查理二世(1630-1685),于是____王朝在英国复辟。a.斯图亚特b.都锋c.汉诺威d.约克29.英国国王约翰于1215年被迫签字接受____。a.克拉伦登约章b.人民宪章c.大宪章d.大抗议书30.英国的面积为244110平方公里,人口为____,人口密度为每平方公里239人。a.26000000b.13000000c.56488000d.300000000III.Trueorfalsestatements:1.Britain'sdefensepolicyisnowbasedontheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationwhichhas15membercountries,includingtheUS.9\n2.TheGunpowderPlottookplacein1605,whenElizabethIwasonthethrone.3.TheaccessionofQueenVictoria(1837-1901)openedaneraofgradualchangewhichradicallychangedthefaceofEnglandandtheBritishEmpire.4.OneofthefeaturescharacteristicoftheRenaissanceisthecoincidingoftheRenaissanceandtheReformationinEngland.5.Innocountry.otherthanEngland,ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday!6.Within100daysafterhemovedintheWhiteHouse,RooseveltpresentedtoCongressmorethan70billsforapprovals,whichweregenerallyknownasNewDeal.7.AnetworkofelectricaltelegraphywasinoperationsoonaftertheCivilWar8.WhenwetalkabouttheNewYorkCity,heimmediatelythinksofitsskyscrapers,butfewpeopleknowthatitwasthefirstcapitalofthecountry.9.Americansdependedontheautomobilelikenootherpeople.ThetotalmileagetraveledbyAmericanmotoristsinoneyearisaboutonemillionmillionmiles.10.Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,thepeopleoftheUSwerestillpredominantly"Anglo-Saxon",butevenbeforethefloodofnon"Anglo-Saxon"immigrants,theAmericanswerealreadyfarmoreAmericanthantheywereBritish.11.TheEnglishweatherhashelpedtomaketheEnglishmanadaptable.12.TheTudormonarchyservedasthetraditionalstagefromfeudalismtocapitalisminEnglishhistory.13.TheBritishmonarchistherealheadoftheChurchofEngland.14.The16thcenturywasanageofgreatvoyageofdiscoverybytheEuropeans.15.TheCommonwealthisavoluntaryassociationof45independentcountries.Anymemberstatecanwithdrawfromitofitsownwill.16.TheGreatDepressionbeganwiththeWashingtonstockmarketcrashinOctober,1929.17.TheadvantagesoftheSouthwerepotentialratherthanactual,soduringthefirsttwoyearstheConfederatearmysufferedrepeatedsetbacks.18."Thebackboneofthecontinent"referstotheAppalachianMountains.19.In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainnearSanFrancisco.SostartedthefamousGoldRushofthe49ersacrossthevast,unexploredwildernessthatlayeastoftheMississippi.20.MostimmigrantsfromEuropenowpassthroughSanFrancisco.ButforimmigrantsfromAsia-Koreans,Philippines,Chinese-thegatewaytotheUSisNewYorkCityviaKennedyAirport,notSanFrancisco.21.TheforeignermaylaughwhenheseestheEnglishmansettingforthonabrilliantlysunnymorningwearingaraincoatandcarryinganumbrella,buthemaywellregrethislaughterlaterintheday!22.ItwasduringtheStuartmonarchythattheRenaissancespreadintoEnglandandreacheditsheight.23.ThepresentrulerisQueenElizabethII,andthelineofsuccessionincludeshersonPrinceCharles.24.ThedestructionoftheFrenchArmadanotonlyestablishedthepositionofEnglandasamajorseapowerbutalsopavedthewayforitsforeignexpansions.25.TheEuropeanCommunityistheworld'slargesttradingbloc,accountingforaboutonethirdsofEurope’strade.26.ItwasduringtheGreatDepressionthatHubertHooverwaselectedPresidentoftheUS.27.IndustrializationandmechanizationofagriculturewerealmostcompletedduringthetimeaftertheCivilWarandthebeginningoftheFirstWorldWar.28.Philadelphiaissaidtobethe"cradleofAmericanliberty".29.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontierstobecrossed.9\n30.Ithasbeensuggestedthata"potstew"mightbeamoresuitablewordthan"meltingpot",forinastewthemeatandvegetablekeeptheirowncharacteristics,butthankstothespicesandthewayitiscooked,thestewhasadistinctiveflavorofitsown.1.美国的各级学校(大、中、小学〉学费昂贵。2.在五十年代,美国耕地面积的机械化程度就达到百分之百。3.美国的宇宙城是指佛罗里达州东部的肯尼迪航天中心。4.洛克菲勒合并了四个最有势力的钢铁集团,于1901年组成美国钢铁公司。5."美洲大陆的地中海"是指美国和加拿大之间的五大湖。6.19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期,它所侵占的殖民地遍及世界各地,比本土大100余倍。7.英国的圈地运动是英国工业革命发展的必然结果。8.查理一世于1215年被迫签字接受《大宪章》。9.英国实行两党制的历史通常从辉格和托利两党成立的1688年算起。10.按照1983年英国新的工业分类标准,工业分为制造业和建筑业两个部门。11.美国法律规定6-16岁的儿童必须入学。12美国最著名的汽车公司有通用、福特、罗伊斯等。13底特律是美国最大的铁路中心。14.1861-1865年的南北战争也称美国内战,即一场兄弟之间的战争,亦称美国的第二次革命。15.美国本土和中国的纬度基本相同,都属于北温带,但美国处于两大洋之间,故两国的气候很不一样。16.英国工业发展的历史较长,具有相当的经济实力,19世纪70-80年代英国的工业生产居世界首位。17.威廉三世和玛丽二世回到英国联合执政,这就是英国历史上的王政复辟。18.丹麦人入侵不列颠后建立了七个王国,史称"七国"。19.英国政府中的部,以外交和国防两部的历史最长。20.战后英国垄断组织的发展具有国际化,大型化,经营多样化等特点。21.美国的公立中小学校由政府税收支持,学生免费入学。22.第二次世界大战结束时,美国的工业生产已超过英、法、德、日四国之和的一倍。23.休斯敦是得克萨斯州的省府,有石油之都的称号。24.1859年美国爆发了丹尼尔·谢司领导的黑人和白人起义。25.美国本土国境线上有两条国际河流:东北与加拿大共有的圣劳伦斯河和西南国境上与墨西哥共有的格朗得河。26.第二次世界大战后,其他帝国主义迅速崛起,于是号称"日不落"的大英帝国开始走下坡路,殖民体系逐步瓦解。27.1688年的"光荣革命"标志着君主立宪的开始,它为英国封建经济的发展创造了良好的政治条件。28.艾尔弗雷德大帝的最大成就是司法改革,建立巡回法庭。29.英国政府各部的设置没有定数,有的政府设15个部,也有的政府设近20个部。30."国有化"和"国家垄断资本"是两个完全不同的概念。IV.Fillintheblanks:1.____在美国金融体系中占主要地位,它包括各州的国民银行以及信托公司。2.在外交方面,鉴于美国对拉丁美洲有巨额投资,"新政"从稳定"后院"出发,对拉丁美洲各国主要采取所谓“____”3.北美洲的五大湖是苏必利尔,密执安,____伊利,和____。4.1845年的得克萨斯是____的一个省。5.《独立宣言》于1776年7月4日在____会议上通过。6.____的瓦解导致了英联邦的产生。9\n7.____王朝加强了封建国家机器,加速并最后完成了英国的封建化过程,使封建的生产关系基本确立。8.19世纪是____的全盛时代,它所侵占的殖民地遍及世界各地。9.《乌托邦》的作者是人文主义者____。10.____又称不列颠,岛的北部是苏格兰,中南部是英格兰,西部是威尔士。11.爱尔兰岛上有____和爱尔兰共和国。12.詹姆斯一世(0566-1625)即位后就面临宗教问题。首先是清教徒提出"____”,要求改革英国国教会。13.英国的交通事业发达,其____队居世界最大之列。14.亨利二世(0133-1189)是安茹王朝的第一个国王,他的纹章以____为图案。15.大英帝国的瓦解导致了____的产生。16.美国政府货币政策的主要执行者是____银行。17.第二次世界大战全面爆发后,美国继续推行所谓"中立"____的政策。18.阿拉斯加州属于北极圈的____气候区,气候____。19.1861年4月14日南部反动武装开枪轰击联邦政府在____州的萨姆特要塞。20.1786年新英格兰爆发了由贫苦农民____领导的起义。21.____股票指数是表明股票行市变动的一种价格平均数,其平均指数被认为是反映美国股市行情变化最敏感的指数之一。22.1945年5月,____攻克柏林,德国无条件投降。23.华盛顿有宏伟的杰斐逊纪念堂和____纪念堂。24.在南北战争中林肯政府采取了两项重要措施,即在5月20日颁布了《____》和在9月22日发表了《____》25.美国的第二次革命是指____。26.英国战后的经济经历了50-60年代的平稳发展时期,70年代的经济____时间和80年代的经济"复苏"时期。27.安茹王朝的第一个国王亨利二世的最大成就是____改革。28.经度为0度的____穿过格林威治的老皇家天文台。29.经过普莱德上校清洗后的____约有200余人。30.____是个历史悠久的国家,也是当今世界的发达国家。在公元七世纪时,它的封建制度已开始形成。1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitants"English",fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesas____.2.ThenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdomis____.3.EveryEnglishcountyanddistricthasitsowngovernmentbodyknownasthe"____"whichistobeelectedeverythreeyearsbythelocalinhabitants.4.AfterParliamentwasdismissed,OliverCromwellassumedthetitleof____,andkeptituntilhisdeath.5.The5titlesof____,orpeerages,inBritainareDuke,Marquis,Earl,ViscountandBarons.6.____beforetheage18isfreeforallAmericanchildren,sothereisnoproblemaboutgainingadmissiontoaschoolbeforethatage.7.Andrew____wasthefirsttoestablishasteelcompany.HecamefromScotlandandwasonceabobbinboyinacottonmill.8.TheExecutivebranchisheadedbythe____whosedutyistoexecutelawspassedbyCongress.9.OfthefiveGreatLakes,____isthelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindintheworld.10.TostrengthenAmerica'spositionsinEurope,theUSSecretaryofStatein1941publishedhis____,whichproposedmassiveandsystematicAmericanaidtoEurope.11.____followsDukeinrank.Itwasfirstconferredin1385.12.____meanstheperiodmarkedbythere-establishmentoftheHouseofStuart,followingthecollapseoftheProtectorate,thatis,CharlesIIwasrestoredtothethrone,May1660.9\n13.English-----arepublicemployees,notgovernmentofficials.14."____"isthenicknameoftheEnglishman.15.The____,asthenameimplies,thehillyormountainousregionofthecountry;theyformthegreaterpartofthewesternhalfofScotlandnorthtoGlasgow.16.____isasystemofgovernmentlawsandactionsintheUSinthe1930stoprovidejobsforpeopleandimprovesocialandbusinessconditions.17.TheSt.____RiverformspartoftheboundarybetweenCanadaandtheUS,servingasaninternationalriver.18.Senatorshavebeendirectlyelectedbyvotersoftheirrespectivestatesince1913,andtheirtermofofficeis____years,withone-thirdofthemelectedeverytwoyears.(p129)19.In1869theAmericanswitnessedthecompletionoftheirfirsttranscontinental____atPromontory,Utah,northoftheGreatSaltLake.20.Secondaryeducationisconductedbyhighschoolswhichin____aresecondaryschools.21.Ofcourse,the____'svarietyprovidesaconstanttopicofconversationinBritain.22.ThenationalsongoftheUKis____.23.TheformalestablishmentoftheChristianChurchinEnglanddatesbackto597whenStAugustineandhisfellowmonkslandedinKentandbuiltthefirstchurchat____thereligiouscapitalofEngland.24.The____hasbeenunderstoodtomeantheinventionandapplicationofvariousmachinesinproductionandthechangeswhichtransformedBritainfromaruralandagriculturalcountryintoanurbanandmanufacturingone.25.Allthe5titlesofnobilityare____(withtheexceptionoflifepeerageawardedforvariousreasons)andareeligibletositintheHouseofLords.26.Aboutahalfofthecountry'spopulationliveinthe____ofthecountry,whichincludesthestatesofNewEngland,theMiddleAtlanticandtheMidwest.27.Hamburgersand____,sausagesbetweenbreadrolls,areperhapsthebestknownAmericanfood.28.Anumberofprominentpersons,includingWashingtonandFranklin,hadameetingwhichledtotheopeningsessionoftheConstitutionalConventionin,on____May25,1787.29.ThefirstrailroadinAmericawaslaidin1828,butitsrealfastdevelopmentwasafterthe____.30.ManyAmericansbelievethattheireducationalsystemis,orshouldbebasedonthe____:equalchanceforeveryone.V.Explainthefollowingterms:1.滞胀:英国政府实行凯恩斯的经济政策后,使得英国遭受经济危机,物价上涨,经济停滞,通货膨胀,生产发展停顿,失业现象严重。2.三权分立:美国政治制度的主要原则,即国家权利分为立法权、行政权和司法权。根据美国宪法,国会为最高立法机关;总统在行政上是国家元首和政府首脑;司法权属于最高法院。这三者互相制约。3.跨国公司:当代资本输出地最主要手段。大企业以本国为基地,通过对外投资,在其他国家设立分公司,从事国际化生产等活动。4.诺曼征服:诺曼底公爵威廉与英王爱德华是亲戚,英王去世后他要求继承英王位,1066年进攻英国并杀死英国新王哈罗德,于当年年底登上英国王位。5.独立战争:1775-1783年间,北美13个殖民地为摆脱英国殖民统治而进行长达8年的战争。1783年美英签订合约,承认美国独立。6.英联邦:由英国和已独立的前英帝国殖民地和附属国组成。它不设任何权力机构。英国君王为其象征性元首,成员国首脑定期举行会议,但结果对成员国没有约束力。成员国可以按意愿退出。7.民权运动:美国黑人反对种族歧视,要求与白人享有同等权利的运动,出现在二战结束不久,60年代达到高潮。9\n8.伊丽莎白一世:都铎王朝女王,亨利八世之女。在位时依靠资产阶级加强统治,确立了英国国教,国王为教会领袖,鼓励工商业和航海业,击败西班牙无敌舰队确立英国海上优势。9.大陆会议:北美十三个殖民地代表会议,独立战争期间革命领导机构。1774年9月5日—10月26日在费城召开第一次会议。1775年5月10日—1776年12月12日在费城等地召开第二次会议,会议上通过《独立宣言》。10.门罗宣言:1823年美国总统门罗提出美洲是美洲人的,对美洲国家的干涉都被认为是对美国的不友好。这就是门罗宣言。1.GreatLakes:chainof5enormousfresh-waterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweenCanadaandtheUS.theyare(W-E)Superior,Michigan,Huron,Eric,andOntario.AllofthempasstheUS-CanadaboundaryexceptLakeMichiganwhichiswhollywithintheUS.2.WorldWarII:internationalwarof1939-1945,involvingmostmajornationsoftheworld.InsomerespectsacontinuationofWorld War I.thewarfoughtbetweentheAlliedcountriesandtheAxispowers.attheendofthewar,theAxispowersweredefeated.3.HouseofRepresentatives:lowerhouseoftheUSCongress,themembersareelectedeverytwoyearsbycitizensofthestates,representationbeingapportionedbypopulation.acandidatemusthavebeenaUScitizenforatleast7yearswiththeageof254.UnionJack:Britishnationalflagmadeupofbluebackgroundand3crossesofSt.GeorgeofEngland,ofSt.AndrewofScotland,andofSt.PatrickofIreland.5.WallStreet:USfinancersortheUSmoneymarket.HerearetheNewYorkStockExchangeandthefinancialdistrict.6.HouseofLords:upperbutlesspowerfulofthe2partsoftheBritishparliament,themembersarenotelectedbyhavepositions.7.DistrictofColombia:federaldistrictcoexistencewiththecityofWashingtonD.C.,capitaloftheUSA.8.ChartistMovement:alsocalledChartism,whichisaradicalworking-classreformmovementinBritain,1837-1848.itbeganwiththedraftingofthePeople’sCharteranddiedawayastheconditionoftheworkersimprovedafterappealoftheCornlaws.9.Welfarestate:thestatewhichshouldensure,asfarasitcan,thatnobodyshouldbewithoutthemeansfortheminimumnecessitiesoflifeastheunemployment,oldage,sicknessorevenlargefamilies.10.IndustrialRevolution:profoundchanges,bothsocialandeconomic,markingthetransitionfromanagriculturaleconomytomodernindustrialism.ItbeganinBritain,late18thcentury.9