初中书面表达教案 8页

学思堂教育个性化辅导授课案教师熊梅丽学生耿均琪时间2015年5月31H14:00-16:00段教学内容：被动语态和书面表达教学重点：被动语态中主动表被动的形式及书而表达写作技巧教学目标：让学生熟练掌握主动表被动的形式及一些基本的写作技巧在英语学习中，有许多地方用主动表被动，这对于大多数学生来说是一个难点，不好常握。其实主动表被动是指形式无被动结构而含被动含义的主动形式，即句屮某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动含义。用主动结构表示被动含义的情况有：1.beworth+doing值得做例如：Thenovelisworthread)again.Thefilmisworth(see).2.need(want/require)+doing等于need(want/require)+tobedone需要做例如：Mywatchneeds(=toberepaired).Thehousewants(=tobepained)・3.某些与carft,worTl等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等，常用主动结构表被动含义，例如:Itcan^tmove).(shut).Thedoorwon^t_Thewindowwoif4•某些可以和well,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook,sell,lock,open,shut等，且主语是非生命的名词或代词，用主动结构表被动含义。例如：Thiskindofbooksell)well.Thepenwrite)smoothly.Theclothwash)well.Thepoemread)smoothly.Thetabledoesn^tclean)easily.Thiskindofricecook)moreeasilythanthatkind・Thatdoorshut)well.5.主语+be+adj.+todo的结构中，动词不定式常用主动结构表被动含义，这些表语形容词有hard,difficult,easy,fit,necessary,dangerous,comfortable,heavy等。例：Theproblemishardtosolve).Thechairiscomfortableto[sit)on.Ifindthewaterinthewellfitto[drink).6.有些系动词，in：taste,sound,prove,feel,look,smell,remain,appear等，常用主动结构表示被动含义。例如：Theflower(look)ugly.Whatyousaidsound)reasonable・Thedishsmell)delicious.Thefoodtaste)good.Thestory[prove)quitefalse.Sheremain)silent.\nThismaterialfeel)soft.7•冇些不定式，如：tolet,toblame,torent,remaintodo等常用主动结构表示被动含义。例如：Thetaxiistorent.Muchremainstofind・Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?Thehouseistolet.8.“主语+have/has+名词+todo"结构，也用主动结构表被动含义，此时主语与todo存在逻辑上的主谓关系,todo与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：Hehasmanyproblemstosolve)・Mr.Whitehaslotsofthingstodo).Ihavearoomtolive)in.9.介词on,under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。例如：①under+n.结构，表示某事在进行中。如I：undercontrol,underrepair,underdiscussion等。例如：Thefirewasundercontrolatlasl・②on+名词结构,表示“在从事中”。如：onsale,onshow等。例如：ManynewtypesofcarsareonshowinBeijing・10.在too...to…和enoughtodo结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。例如：Theboxistooheavyto[carry).Theroomisnotbigenoughto[have)ameetingin.初中英语作文高分秘诀1.动笔之前，认真审题2.围绕屮心，拟定提纲书面表达评分原则有四：（1）内容要点；（2）运用词汇和结构的数量；（3）运用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。3.语言通顺，表达准确（1）避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。（2）多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。（3）注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。4）注意冠词用法,例如：Heisanhoneststudent.中的an不能写成a。5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写,例如：receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等。标点符号特别注意汉英的不同，例如：汉语英语A.句号。\nA.省略号………B.顿号、无（4）描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）夕卜表特征：tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking等。2）服饰颜色：red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等。3）内心境界：glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等。4）感情描写:love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等。5）动作描写：come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。（5）要使上下文连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。6.书写工整，卷面整洁字迹要清晰，让阅卷人看得清楚，不可字迹潦草，难以辨认，要保持卷面的整洁。7.写完之后，勿忘检查（1）格式是否有错。（2）拼写有无错误。（3）语言是否用错。（4）时态、语态错误。（5）标点错误。（6）人称是否用错。lefsseesomeexamples：MyhometownMyhometown,avillagelocatingbesideasmallriver,isawonderfulplacewithbeautifulscenerysurrounded.Becauseofthepoorgeographicalenvironmentandwithoutangoodroad,thewholevillageispoorandpeopleJslivesaretough.Generally,peoplegrowriceandsomeothercropsforaliving.Mostyoungpeopleworkatthecity,leavingtheirparentsandchildrenathome,whichisthestatusofthevastmajorityofruralarea.Itseemsthatonlyinthiswaycanruralpeopleliveabetterlife・1）表示转折关系的过渡词:but,yet,however…2）表示时间关系的过渡词:first,second,third,andthen,finally,after,before,afterafewdays,atlast,atthattime,later,inthepast,immediately,inthemeanwhile,when,while,then,afterthat…3）表示空间关系的过渡词：near（to）,far（from）,inthefrontof,beside,behind,beyond,above,below,totheright,totheleft,ononeside,ontheothersideof,outside…4）表示比较关系的过渡词：inthesameway,justlike,justas•••5）表示对照关系的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand,inspiteof,eventhough…6）表示递进关系的过渡词：also,and,then,too,inaddition,moreover,again…7）表示因果关系的过渡词:because,since,then,thus,otherwise,so,therefore,asaresult••-8）表示解释说明的过渡词：forexample,infact,inthiscase,for,actually•••9）表示并列关系的过渡词:and,aswellas,or…10）表示强调的过渡词：infact,indeed,necessarily,certainly,withoutanydoubt,truly,mostimportant…11）表示B的的过渡词:forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderthat,soasto,inorderto,…12）表示列举的过渡词:forexample,suchas•••13）表示总结性白勺过渡词：inconclusion,finally,atlast,inbrief,ashasbeenstated,inaword,ingeneral,inall,inaword,generallyspeaking•••MyFavoritePlacesManypeoplehavefavoriteplacestheyliketogotowhentheyarefeelingsadorbored・IalsohavefavoriteplacesthatIgotoasoftenasIcan.\nHerearethethreeplacesthatIlikemost.Firstofall,Ilikethezoo.Theanimalsareamazingbecausesomearesocuteandsomearesougly!Iliketopet（宠）them,feedthemandwatchthemperform.Museumsarecoolplaces,too.Theyhavegoodexhibits（陈列品）andfascinatingdisplays（吸引人的展品）.Iliketheworksofart（艺术品）there.Somemuseumsteachmealotabouthistoryandscience・Fromdinosaurstorobots,1lovethemall.Finally,themeparksaremyfavouriteplace・Ithinktherollercoastersarethebest.It*sfuntoscreamandgetscared（它（让我们）刺激的尖叫和害怕）。Theseplacesalwayscheermeup（‘快$舌）・Itrytogotoeachofmyfavoriteplacesonceayea匚IamgoingtofindmorefavoriteplacestogotowhenIgrowup.Mymother1haveagoodmother.HernameisYuBihua・Shehasshortandblackhai匚Hereyesarebig,roundandblack.Hermouthissmall,andshelikestalkingsomuch.Sheisnotsotall.Sheoftenwearsabrowncoat,blacktrousersandblackshoes.Sheis37yearsold,butshelooksyoung.Mymotherworksinahospitalandsheisanurse.Sheisverybusy.Everymorning,shegetsupearly.Thenshegoestoworkonfoot.Herworkbeginsat7:30.Shehaslunchat12:30.Afterlunch,shehasashortrestandthengoestoworkagain.At6:00p.m.Shecomesbackhome.Intheevening,sheoftenwatchesTV,thengoestobed・Mymotherisanordinary,hard-workingwoman,butFmproudofher.议论文写作技巧议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确，认真概括,有实际意义;论据的基本要求是:真实可靠，充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。英语议论文的结构一般较为固定，通常包括以下三部分：1.在导语部分提出需要议论的议题；2.在正文部分对所提出的问题进行议论；3.在结论部分对以上的讨论进行总结和归纳。写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论;或者先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实屮分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论;也可以在文章开头先捉出一个人们关心的问题，然后一一作答，逐层深入;还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论。在具体写作中要注意下列儿点：1.议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。2.议论时可以采用不同的方法。如:可以摆出正反两方面观点，进行对比;也可引经据典论证作者自己观点的正确性，从而使读者接受自己的观点;亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误，最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点,论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。3.在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。4.注意连接词和过渡词等词语的使用，以增强文章的条理性和逻辑性。常用的过渡词和连接词包括:first,second,third,finally,inaddition,furthermore,besides,whatwasworse,moreimportantly,incontrast,because,since,nowthat,therefore,consequently,inthatcase,asaresult/consequeneelet'sseesomeexamples:Shallwesendchildrentostudyabroad?Withmoreandmorepeoplebecomingrichinrecentyears,itisanewtendencyforthemtosendtheirchildrentostudyabroad.ButIdon'tthinkitisagoodidea.Firstofall,childrenaretooyoungtolookafterthemselves.Second,thelanguagebarrierisaseriousproblem.Manychildrenarenotproficientintheforeignlanguagebeforegoingabroad.Asaresult,theyhavedifficultyin\nunderstandingwhatthenativespeakersaretalkingabout.Third,theymaygetintotroublewhendealingwithvarioussituationsforlackofknowledgeofthecustomsinthestrangeland.Furthermore,thecostoflivingismuchhigherthanthatinourcountry,whichmightcauseaheavyburdentothefamily.Inconclusion,therearemoredisadvantagesinsendingchildrentostudyabroad.So,we'dbetternotdoit.\nAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofWearingschooluniformsWearingschooluniformshasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Inmyopinion,itmakesstudentsfeelproudoftheirschools・Inaddition,itbuildsacommonspiritofunityamongstudents.Furthermore,itremindsstudentsofthevalueandhistoryoftheirschool.However,somestudentsdislikethembecauseoftheirsimplecolors,boringdesignsandbadquality・SoIthinkthatpeopleshouldimprovethequalityoftheschooluniforms.writingtaskTopic:Youngteachersorelderteachers,whichdoyoulike?Opinionsaredividedonthisquestion.Somestudentsmaylikeelderlyteachersteachingbecausetheythinkelderlyteachershavemoreteachingexperienceandthattheytendtobepatientandcarefulwithexplanations・Howcvci;Iprefertobetaughtbyyoungteachers.Firstly,westudentshavemuchincommonwiththem.Sotheyareourfriendsaswellasourteachers-Secondly,theyaremore.energeticandenthusiastic.Usuallytheycanmaketheirclasseslivelyandinteresting.Besides,theyaremorereadytoacceptorcreatenewideas,includingteaching.Thirdly,mostyoungteachersdevotethemselvestotheirwork,makingthemteachcreativelyandeffectively.Inaword,Ipreferyoungteacherstoelderlyteachers.writingtask以myschool为题目写一篇不少于50字的记叙文。文中耍包括学校的环境建筑物设施等。\n课后巩计划:（可以是课后作业）\n学思堂教育教务