初中宾语从句教案 5页

教学内容：宾语从句的定义划出下面的宾语部分Iknowhim.Herunsabigshoefactory.Wegrowlotsofvegetables.Hetoldmethenews.Ihearthatyouhavepassedtheexamination.置于动词、介词和形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句，如think,hope,wish,believe,say,know,hear,tell,remember,forget等，常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised。Hetoldme（that）hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.IamsorryIamlate.IamsureIwillpasstheexam.宾语从句主要考点梳理一.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that(that常可省略),whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever副词：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事项：如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.\n我每天写日记成了习惯.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.（二）由whether,if引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1.直接与ornot连用时例句：Ican’tsaywhetherornottheycancomeontime.2.在带to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.3.在介词的后面例句：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what，在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。如：例句：Doyouknowwhowillcomethisafternoon?(作主语)Didyouhearwhatshesaid?（作宾语）Idon’tknowwhosethatis.（作表语）Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?（作定语）Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?（作宾语）英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.CanyoutellmehowIgettothepostoffice?Wedidn’tknowwhenshewouldcomeback.二.宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：Shesaysthatsheisastudent.ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.Ihearhewashereyesterday.Couldyoutellmewhatyouweredoingateightlastnight?2、主句是过去时态，从句需改为相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改为一般过去时，现在进行时改为过去进行时，一般将来时改成过去将来时，现在完成时和一般过去时改为过去完成时。Shesaidthatshewasastudent.ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.\nShesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.3、如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。Shesaidshecametoworkherein1998.Theteachertoldusthatthewarbrokeoutinthewinterof1923.4、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.5、委婉语气Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见，并不表示过去常按照一般现在时处理。CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?三.特殊疑问句变宾语从句五注意1、在引导词上，要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词，引导宾语从句。如：Whosebikeisthis?Doesanybodyknow?Doesanybodyknowwhosebikethisis?2、宾语从句的时态与主句的时态保持一致。如：Whenthetrainwillarrive?Heaskedme.Heaskedmewhenthetrainwouldarrive.3、在语序上，要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如：Whichonedoyoulikebest?Sheaskedme.SheaskedmewhichoneIlikedbest.[注意]疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是do/does/did,变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语时词再根据时态作相应的变化。4、特殊疑问句词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。如：Whocananswerthequestion?Theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.5、特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。如：Idon’tknowwhenweshallstarttomorrow.Doyouknowwhenweshallstarttomorrow?课堂练习填空题Ihear(that)_______________________.一小时后他会回来Hesaid(that)______________________.他非常想念我们Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________.地球围着太阳转Whether/if引导的宾语从句Willtheyplanttreestomorrow?Idon’tknow_______________________.Haveyouseenhimbefore?Ican’tremember_______________________.Doesheneedtocomeearly?Heasks_______________________.If与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Itdependson_______itwillbefine.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.选择题1.---Doyouknow__________now?---InthePeople’sHotel.\nA.whereisTomworkingB.wheredidTomworkC.whereTomisworkingD.whereTomworked2.Couldyoutellme_______?A.wherecanIbuythiskindofCDplayerB.wherecouldIbuythiskindofCDplayerC.IcanbuythiskindofCDplayerwhereD.whereIcanbuythiskindofCDplayer3.--Couldyoutellushowlong_______?--Aboutthreedays.A.doesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetinglastC.willthesportsmeetinglastD.thesportsmeetingwilllast4.Wouldyoupleasetellme_______?I’dliketovisityousometimenextweek.A.wherehecomesfromB.wheredoyoucomefromC.whereyouliveD.wheredoyoulive5.Youmustremember_______.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid6.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake7.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen8.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.Are9.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay10.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled综合练习1.Iaskedthelittlegirl_______sothatIcouldtakeherhome.A.wheredidsheliveB.whereshelivedC.wheredoessheliveD.howshelived2.Myfriendaskedme____________.A.wherewasIfromB.thattheearthisroundC.whendidIcomebackD.nottobesoangry3.Iwanttoknow____________.A.howmuchisthecomputerB.howmuchdoesthecomputercostC.howmuchyouspentonthecomputerD.howmuchdidyoupayforthecomputer4.Iknowtheyareonholiday,butIdon’tknow______.A.wherehavetheybeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone5.–Whydidn’tyoursistercometothepartylastnight?–Idon’tknow______.A.whydidn’tsheB.whyshedidn’tC.whydidsheD.whyshedid6.Canyoutellme______?A.whichroomIcanliveinB.whichroomcanIliveinC.whichroomIcanliveD.whichroomcanIlive7.–Couldyoutellmewhat______thistimeyesterday?–Er,Iwasplayingbasketballatschool.A.areyoudoingB.youaredoingC.wereyoudoingD.youweredoing8.Doyouknow______togotoLondonbyair?A.howmuchdoesitcostB.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcostD.howmuchitcosts9.–Couldyoutellmewhen______?–Inanhour.A.thetrainleftB.willthetrainleaveC.thetrainwillleaveD.thetrainhasleft10.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．\nA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If11.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome12.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where13.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended14.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter15.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive16.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves17.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare18.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings19.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句）Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp．3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.