定语从句高中初中通用教案 10页

定语从句一．定义22.关系代词33.关系副词（relativeadverb）54.定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况。65.定语从句中，只用which不用that的情况。76.prep+关系代词：81.prep+which(指物)/whom(指人)82.prep+which=when/where83.of+which=whose94.forwhich=why95.way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况9其他要点10\nAttributiveclause(定语从句)一．定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，相当于一个句子做形容词修饰先行词。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面1.Structure:先行词+关系词+从句(antecedent)(subordinateclause)关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句  2、代替先行词  3、在定语从句中担当一个成分2.关系词：关系代词(relativepronoun)关系副词(relativeadverb)thatwhen（时间）who/whom/whosewhere（地点）whichwhy(原因)\n2.关系代词关系代词先行词例句在从句中的成分that人/物Doyouknowthegirlthatiscrying?ShehasgotacomputerthatTomgaveher.SO(可省)who/whom人Idon’tknowtheteacherwho/thatistalkingtoLily.Thegirlwhom/who/thatIjusttalkedwithisLucy.ThegirltowhomIspokeisastudent.SO(可省)①Owhose(起所有格的作用，表示....的)人/物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.ThehousewhosewindowisbrokenisMrGreen’s.Attribute(定语)which物H1N1isadiseasewhichcausedmanydeaths.S①在定语从句中，先行词是人，关系代词在从句中作宾语时，既可用who也可用whom,但是当关系代词紧跟在介词后时只能用whom,that不能做介词宾语。\nPractice:youneedtocircletheantecedent,analysetherelativepronoun’sfunctioninthesubordinateclause.1.Heisthemancarwasstolen.2.Iwanttoborrowthebookyoushowedmeyesterday.3.Thisisthemanwantedtoseeyou.4.Themanimetinthestreettoldnottogothere.5.Themanwithitravelledcouldn’tspeakchinese.6.Themanitravelledwithismyteacher7.Therearestillmanypeoplelivingconditionsarepoor.8.TheTVplayisaboutatruestoryhappenedinJapan.\n3.关系副词（relativeadverb）关系副词先行词例句在从句中的作用When时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.状语Where地点ThisistheschoolwhereIwork.状语Why原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?状语Ps:在定语从句中，关系代词、关系副词起连接先行词和从句的作用，都在从句中作一定成分。当从句缺少主语或宾语时，用关系代词Eg.DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentinQingdao?DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentsummerholidayinQingdao？practice1.Ican’tforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinWenchuan.2.Haveyoueverbeentothenewbookshopisjustopenedhere.3.Lastsummertheywenttoluxun’shometownandvisitedthehousehewasborn.4.Thisismyhousewindowsfacestothesouth.\n5.Hewillneverforgetthenightshecametoseehim.6.Istillremembertheyearswespenttogether.7.ThereasonIcamehereisthatIwantedtohelpyou.4.定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况。1.当先行词是不定代词（indefinitepronoun）all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone时Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?2.当先行词前面有theonly,any,few,little,no,all,thevery,(恰恰，正好)thesame等词修饰时ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.TheonlythingthatIcandoistokeepscilent.3.当先行词是形容词最高级(superlativedegree)、序数词(ordinalnumbers)时或者先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpullution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.WhatisthefirstAmericanmoviethatyouhaveseen?4.当先行词既有人又有物时Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?5.当主句是以疑问词who,which开头的特殊疑问句来头时Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoistheboythatwonthegame?\n6.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shanghiaisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.5.定语从句中，只用which不用that的情况。1.关系代词前有介词时I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.2.引导非限制性定语从句（non-definingattributiveclause）时,且做宾语时不可省Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isverypopular.3.先行词本身是that时What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?4.先行词后插入语(parenthesis)时HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5.定语从句中，先行词是人，只用who而不用that的情况。当先行词有较长的后置定语或先行词在被分割的定语从句中时ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusaspeech.\n6.prep+关系代词：1.prep+which(指物)/whom(指人)1.当介词放在关系代词前时,关系代词只能是which/whom,且关系代词不能省Isthisthehouseinwhichamurderhappened?Themanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.2.当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用that/which（指物），that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省Thisisthehero(who/that/whom)weareproudof.Thisisthepen(that/which)Iliketowritewith.PS.在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.ThisistheearringwhichI’mlookingfor.2.prep+which=when/whereThisisthetowninwhich/whereIusedtolive.\nThisistheroomwhere(＝inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗Iwouldneverforgetthatdayonwhich/whenmyfathercameback.3.of+which=whoseDoyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?4.forwhich=whyThereasonwhy/forwhichiwaslateisthatmybikeisbroken.5.way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况a,当先行词是way意为“方式，方法”时，引导词有以下三种形式：Idon'tunderstandthewayinwhich/that/不填theyworkedouttheproblem.b,先行词是time并意为“次数”时，应用that引导定语从句，that可省；若意为“一段时间”时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句，引导词不可省。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasinvitedthecountry.Thiswasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenotelephones.\n在以上两种情况中，that是关系副词而不是关系代词，关系代词必须在从句中充当成分。其他要点当定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数形式一致。TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.