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- 2022-08-02 发布
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Monotonicfunction:Incalculus,afunctionfdefinedonasubsetoftherealnumberswithrealvaluesiscalledmonotonicifandonlyif让iseitherentirelyincreasingordecreasing.Figure1Itiscalledmonotonicallyincreasing(alsoincreasingornon-decreasing),ifforall富andVsuchthat—VonehasfWf(y)fsoitreversestheorder(seeFigure2).Importantconclusions:1、若函数y=f(x)和y二g(x)在公共区间A内都是增(减)函数,则函数y二f(x)+g(x)在A是增(减)函数。2、若两个正值函数(所冇值为正的函数)y二f(x)和y=g(x)在公共区间A内都是增(减)函数,则函数y二f(x)g(x)在区间A内是增(减)函数。3、若两个负值函数(所有值为负的函数)y=f(x)和y=g(x)在公共区间A内都是增(减)函数,则函数y=f(x)g(x)在区间A内是减(增)函数。4、设函数y=f(u)和卩g(x)在公共区间A内都是单调函数,那么函数y=f[g(x)]在A内的也是单调函数;并且,若y=f(u)和u=g(x)的单调性相同(反),则y二f[g(x)]是增(减)函数,这个性质可以按下面的两种方式去记忆。\ni)同增异减:y=f(u)与u=g(x)增减性相同(相反),函数y=f[g(x)]是增(减)函数。ii)这里用“+”代表“递增”,用”代表“递减”,随后复合函数的单调性可按下表记忆。内层函数:u=g(x)++——夕卜层函数:y=f(u)+—+—复合函数:y二f[g(x)]++Practice:1、判断函数f(x)=-x^3+a(aGR)在R上的单调性。2、已知函数f(x)与g(x)在R上都是增函数,判断f[g(x)J在R上也是增函数。3、判断函数y二xJ+1/x在(-8,0)上的单调性。Evenandoddfunctions:Evenfunctions:Letf(x)beareal-valuedfunctionofarealvariable.Thenfisevenifthefollowingequationholdsforallxand-xinthedomainoff:F(x)二F(-x)speaking,theevenfunctionrespecttothey・让sgraphremainsreflectionabout•8・6-4-202468Geometricallygraphfaceofanissymmetricwithaxis,meaningthatunchangedafterthey-axis.Oddfunctions:Again,letf(x)beareal-valuedfunctionofarealvariable.Thenfisoddifthefollowingequationholdsforallxand・xinthedomain\noff:F(x)=-F(-x]Geometrically,thegraphofanoddfunctionhasrotationalsymmetrywithrespecttotheorigin,meaningthatitsgraphremainsunchangedafterrotationof180degreesabouttheorigin.Uniquenessproperties:Ifafunctionisevenandodd,itisequalto0everywhereitisdefined.Propertiesinvolvingadditionandsubtraction:Thesumoftwoevenfunctionsiseven,andanyconstantmultipleofanevenfunctioniseven.Thesumoftwooddfunctionsisodd,andanyconstantmultipleofanoddfunctionisodd.Thedifferencebetweentwooddfunctionsisodd.\nThedifferencebetweentwoevenfunctionsiseven.Thesumofanevenandoddfunctionisneitherevennorodd,unlessoneofthefunctionsisequaltozerooverthegivendomain.PropertiesinvoIvingmultiplicationanddivision:Theproductoftwoevenfunctionsisanevenfunction.Theproductoftwooddfunctionsisanevenfunction.Theproductofanevenfunctionandanoddfunctionisanoddfunction.Thequotientoftwoevenfunctionsisanevenfunction.Thequotientoftwooddfunctionsisanevenfunction.Thequotientofanevenfunctionandanoddfunctionisanoddfunction.Propertiesinvolvingcomposition:Thecompositionoftwoevenfunctionsiseven.Thecompositionoftwooddfunctionsisodd.Thecompositionofanevenfunctionandanoddfunctioniseven.Thecompositionofeitheranoddoranevenfunctionwithanevenfunctioniseven(butnotviceversa).Practice:1、证明反比例函数f(x)二k/x是奇函数。⑴⑵⑶⑷2、判断下列函数的奇偶性y=-xA2(x<3)“、3x~4ffx)=I丿X-2y=x+-xf(x)二字x2+l3、判断f(x)=-x"2+x(x>0)的奇偶性\nx"2二x(xWO)\n4、已知函数f(x)对一切x,yER都冇f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)。(1)求证f(x)是奇函数(2)设f(~3)=a,用a表示f(12)・Inversefunction:Definition:LetfbeafunctionwhosedomainisthesetX,andwhoserangeisthesetY.ThenfisinvertibleifthereexistsafunctiongwithdomainYandrangeX,w让htheproperty:N©=yQ9@)=兀・Iffisinvertible,thefunctiongisunique,whichmeansthatthereisexactlyonefunctiongsatisfyingthisproperty(nomore,noless)・Thatfunctiongisthencalledtheinverseoffandisusuallydenotedasf0-l・Importantconclusions:1、函数的定义域就是它的反函数的值域,函数的值域就是它的反函数的定义域。2、在同一坐标系内,函数与其反函数的图像关于y二x对称。3、如果函数y=f(x)的图像关于直线y二x对称,那么它存在反函数,并且反函数就是它本身。4、若函数y=f(x)是A上的增(减)函数,则其反函数y=f-l(x)是C上的增(减)函数。(A,C是f(x)的定义域,值域)。5、奇函数若有反函数,则反函数仍是奇函数,偶函数不存在反函数。Practice:1、求函数y二仮的反函数2^已知y=|x+m和y二nx--占互为反函数,求m与n的值JO\n3、求函数y=xt+2(x20)的反函数的定义域4、已知函数y二严的图像关于直线y二x对称,求实数m的值2x+m5、设点(1,2)既在y=V^+b的图像上又在其反函数的图像上,求a与b的值6、已知f(x)=x"2T(xW2),求f-1(4)