《高中重点词汇》PPT课件 77页

\n考题回放：(2009·上海卷)某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程：园艺(gardening)、烹饪(cooking)、防身术(self－defence)、护理(nursing)。假如你是王跃华(不可以用自己的真实姓名)，写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。信的内容必须包括：1．你感兴趣的课程2．你期望从这门课程中学到什么3．为什么想学这些内容_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\n佳作诵读：,DearSirorMadam，IheardthatyourschoolheldthePartyofEnglishSummerCampandstartedthefollowingcourses,gardening,cooking,self－defenceandnursing.SoI'm_writing_the_letter_to_apply_for_itnow,andIhopeyoucananswerme.WhenIwasinmiddleschool,Ilearntsomemedicineknowledge.To_my_delight,_myfathersentmetoafamoushospitaltoexperiencenursing.After_that,_I'mgoodatnursingdaybydayandwouldliketobeanurse.In_order_to_improve_my_nursing,_Iwanttoapplyfornursingandbecomeanurseso_thatIcouldmakeacontributiontosociety,\nEspeciallypatients.WhatIwanttosayisthatnotonlyamIinterestedinnursingbutIhaveaccumulatedmuchexperienceinthehospital.IthinkIcanlearnsomuchfromnursing,forexample,_howtotakecareofpatients,howtoservepatients,howtogiveapatient'saidandsoon.It's_well－known_thatsavingpatients'livesisdoctors'responsibility;howtoserveandcareforthepatientswellisanurse'sresponsibility,Iguess.ImustsaythatI'msuretolearnhowtodealwiththeseriousaccident,especiallythosewhoareseriouslyill.Imustlearnnursingso_as_to_improve_myself.\nI'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Bestwishes，WangYuehua\n\nⅠ.重点单词1．photographn．照片vt.给……照相→photographern．摄影师→photographyn．摄影2．delightedadj.快乐的；欣喜的→delightn．快乐\n3．Admirableadj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admirevt.钦佩4．assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→assistantn．助手；助理；售货员\n5．Professionn．职业；专业→professionaladj.专业的；职业的n．专业人员6．eageradj.渴望的；热切的\n7．concentratevt.聚集；集中→concentrationn．集中8．Acquirevt.获得；取得；学到9．accessn.接近，10．informvt.告知；通知11．meanwhileadv.其间；同时\n12．casen．情况；病例；案例13．accusevt.指责；谴责；控告14．demandn．需求；要求vt.强烈要求15．technicaladj.技术(上)的；技巧方面的16．giftedadj.有天赋的\n17．accurateadj.精确的；正确的18．approvevt.赞成；认可；批准→approvaln．认可19．processvt.加工；处理n．过程；程序；步骤20．appointmentn．约会；任命→appointv．任命\nⅡ.重点短语1．concentrateon集中；全神贯注于2．dependon依靠；依赖3．accuse...of因……指责或控告……4．soasto(dosth.)为了(做)……\nⅡ.重点短语5．aheadof在……前面6．haveanosefor...对……有敏感的嗅觉7．informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事8．getthewrongendofthestick完全误解；弄错9．lookforwardto...盼望……\n10．pass...onto...把……传给……11．lastofall最后12．beprocessedinto...被制成……\nⅢ.重点句型1．NeverwillZhouYang(ZY)forgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.周扬将永远不会忘记他在一家流行的英语报社的第一次任务。2．NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。3．Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),wastostronglyinfluencehislifeasajournalist.他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响。\n4．Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你们的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？5．Sowearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthemansupposedtobridehim.因此，我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访。\n\n\n①Thestudentsassisted_the_professor_indoingtheexperiment.学生们协助教授做实验。②Weallassisted_inmendingtheroof.我们都帮助修理屋顶。③Weaskedhimtoassist_us_indesigninganewbridge.我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥。④Hecanwalkonlywith_the_assistance_ofcrutches.他只能靠一副拐杖走路。⑤Despitehiscries,noonecame_to_his_assistance.尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。\n\n①Weshouldconcentratealloureffortonimprovingeducation.我们应该致力于改进教育工作。②Heconcentrated_onthestudyofEnglish.他把重点放在英语学习上。③Ourpopulationis_concentrated_inthebigcities.我国人口集中在大城市里。\n\n3．acquirevt.获得，取得，学到①Imanagedtoacquire_two_ticketsfortheconcert.我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。②Sheacquired_a_knowledge_ofFrench.她学会了法语。③MrBrownacquired_a_fortuneintheoilbusiness.布朗先生在石油生意上发了财。\n辨析：acquire/get/gain/obtain(1)acquire多指经过一段时间的艰苦努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一经获得就很难失去，如知识等。(2)get是一般用语，口语用语，用途很广。(3)gain常指强有力的夺取，也可指渐渐获得某物的过程。(4)obtain是较正式用语，常指“通过努力工作、奋力拼搏或请求而得到所需的东西”。\n①SheacquiredaknowledgeofEnglishbycarefulstudy.她通过认真学习而懂得了英语。②Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。③Thecountrygaineditsindependencetenyearsago.这个国家十年前就赢得了独立。\n\n①Pleaseinform_us_ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.地址如有变更请尽快通知我们。②Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrejected.我们很遗憾地通知你，你的申请未被接受。③Pleasekeepmefullyinformed_ofanydevelopments.事态如有发展，请向我提供详情。\n\n①In_some_casespeoplehavehadtowaitseveralweeksforanappointement.在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。②The_casewillbeheardnextweek.此案下周审理。③In_case_offire,call119.万一发生火灾，就打119。④You'dbettertakethekeysin_caseI'mout.你最好带上钥匙，以防我不在家。\n\n①Myteacherisalwaysaccusingmeofcarelessness.我的老师总是指责我粗枝大叶。②Marywas_accused_asanaccomplice.玛丽被指控为同谋犯。③Manoftenaccusesnatureforhisownmisfortunes.人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。\n\n7．demandn．要求，需要vt.强烈要求\n7．demandn．要求，需要vt.强烈要求①Therehavebeendemands_fortheprimeministertoresign.已有许多人要求首相辞职。②AfterschoolTomdemandedhelpfrom/ofme.放学后，汤姆要求我帮助。③ShedemandedthatI(should)_telleverythingtoheraboutit.她要求我把知道的整个事情都告诉她。④Medicalworkersarein_great_demandinthatarea.那个地方非常需要医疗工作者。⑤It'simpossibletosatisfy_everyone's_demands.满足每个人的需求是不可能的。\n\n①Theministerapprovedthebuildingplan.部长批准了这项建筑计划。②Theresolutionwas_approved_by68to10with28abstentions.决议以68票对10票通过，28票弃权。③Motherdoesn'tapprove_ofhersmoking.母亲不赞成她吸烟。\n对点自测1．(2011·福建厦门检测)Thestudentscan't______theirstudieswhentheyaretired.A．insistonB．consistofC．persistinD．concentrateon答案：D解析：insiston意为“坚持”，后加v.－ing形式作宾语；consistof意为“由……组成”；persistin意为“坚持”；concentrateon意为“集中注意力于……”。句意：学生疲劳时无法集中注意力学习。\n2．Theschoolisgivingmostofthesechildrenhopeforthefuturebyprovidingthemachanceto______knowledge.A．requireB．acquireC．achieveD．enquire答案：B解析：句意：通过给他们一个获得知识的机会，这个学校使大部分孩子对未来充满希望。require意为“要求”；acquire意为“获得”；achieve意为“达到、完成、实现”；enquire意为“查询”。\n3．Ihopeyouwillkeepus______ofhowyouaregettingonwithyourwork.A．informedB．informingC．toinformD．inform答案：A解析：inform与us之间为动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词形式来表示被动意义。\n4．Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor______youlockyourselfoutoneday.A．eversinceB．evenifC．soonafterD．incase答案：D解析：考查状语从句。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天忘了带钥匙进不了门。根据句意只能用incase意为“以防(万一)”。\n5．ThebossdemandedthatMary______theworkwithinaweek.A．finishedB．wouldfinishC．hadfinishedD．finish答案：D解析：考查demand用法。句意：这个老板要求玛丽一周内完成这份工作。demand后that从句中用虚拟语气shoulddo,should可省略。\n6．You'dbettercutyourhairshort.Ourschooldoesnot______toolonghair.A．approveofstudentsworeB．approvestudentstowearC．approveofstudentstowearD．approveofstudentswearing答案：D解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：你最好把头发剪短点，我校不允许学生留长发。approveof后接动词－ing形式，studentswearingtoolonghair是动词－ing形式的复合结构。\n7．—Areyou______meoflyingtotheheadmaster?—I'msureyoudid.A．accusingB．scoldingC．remindingD．telling答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。accusesb.ofsth.意为“控告、指责某人某事”；remindsb.of意为“提醒”；tell意为“告诉”；scoldsb.forsth.意为“因某事责备某人”。句意：——你指责我向校长撒谎了？——我确信你向他撒了谎。\n重点短语1．dependon依靠；依赖；信赖；依……而定\n①Successdepends_onyoureffortandability.成功与否得看你的努力和能力。②Italldepends_onwhetherornotyouareinterestedinit.这完全看你对这事是不是有兴趣。③Youmaydepend_onthemtobehereearly.你可以指望他们会早来。④－Ishecoming？他来吗？－That_depends.Hemaynothavetime.那要看情况。他不一定有时间。\n\n①Heranquicklyso_as_to/in_order_tocatchthelastbus.他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。②Weturnedonthelightso_that/in_order_thatwemightseewhatitwas.＝Weturnedonthelightso_as_toseewhatitwas.我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。③Sheissoangryas_tosayawordinfrontofhim.她如此生气以致在他面前说不出一句话。\n提示：当用soasto,inorderto时，句子前后动作的主语须一致。否则，用sothat,inorderthat。\n对点自测1．Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A．sonotastoB．soasnottoC．soastonotD．notsoasto答案：B解析：句意：为了不失去工作，汤姆对这次事故只字不说。soasto表示目的，其否定形式是在to之前加not。\n2．(2011·江西景德镇检测)______preventhimselffromharm,John______beingmadeuseofbyhismanager.A．Soasto;refusedB．Inorderto;deniedC．Inorderto;refusedD．Soasto;denied答案：B解析：考查目的状语和动词用法。soasto与inorderto都表示目的，但soasto不能用于句首，inorderto既可以位于句首又可以放在句中；denydoing/beingdone...意为“否认做……”；refusetodo意为“拒绝做……”。只有B项符合结构和意思。\n3．Youmay______itthathewillturnupintime.A．decideonB．dependonC．answerforD．makesure答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：你可以相信他会准时到来。decideon意为“决定……”和answerfor意为“对……负责”都不用于此句型。makesure意为“确保”；dependonitthat...意为“相信……”。\n4．—Howlongareyoustaying?—Idon'tknow.______.A．That'sOKB．NevermindC．ItdependsD．Itdoesn'tmatter答案：C解析：从所提供的情景“你要呆多久？”“我不知道”。表明对方不确定他要呆多久，只能“看情况而定”。That'sOK.意为“行，好吧”。Nevermind.和Itdoesn'tmatter.意为“不要紧，没关系”。\n经典句型1．Hisdiscussionwithhisnewboss,HuXin(HX),was_tostronglyinfluencehislifeasjournalist.他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯会产生重要影响。betodo在句中表示不可避免将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定会……，一定……”。\n归纳拓展：(1)betodo句型有三层含义：①表示“注定要发生……”。②预先安排好的计划或约定。③表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情态意义。(2)beabouttodosth.表“马上要做某事，某事即将发生”，通常不与时间状语连用。(3)begoingtodosth.表“打算、想法或某种倾向”，用于非正式文体。也可用来表示很可能发生的事或自然现象。\n①Theexperiencewas_to_changeherlife.这次经历必会改变她的一生。②Nooneis_to_leavethebuildingwithoutthepolice'spermission.没有警方的允许，没有一个人可以离开楼房。③Weare_to_finishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.我们预定今天下午五点前完成任务。④Thebookwas_not_to_be_found.那本书根本不可能找到。\n2．Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomeoneaccusedyourjournalistsofgettingthewrongendofthestick?你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你们的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？case意为“情况”，在本句中为先行词，where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，相当于inthecase。当先行词为case,point,situation,position等时，常用where引导定语从句。\n①Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused？你能想出能使用这个单词的语境吗？②Weareinapositionwherewemaylosealargesumofmoney.我们在这种处境下可能会损失大量金钱。③Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他到了必须改一改的地步。\n3．Sowearrangedaninterviewbetweenthefootballerandthemansupposed_to_bribehim.因此我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访。句中supposedtobribehim是过去分词短语作定语，修饰theman，相当于一个定语从句themanwhowassupposedtobribehim。\n(1)besupposedtodosth.意为“应当做……”或“认为做……是必须的”。①Heis_supposed_to_behereinaboutanhour.他大约一小时后到。②Hewas_supposed_to_beacollegegraduatebutheknewnothingofhistory.按说他是大学毕业生，但他对历史一点儿也不知道。(2)besupposedtohavedonesth.意为“理应做过某事(但可能没有做)”，这里有虚拟的含义。Jackis_supposed_to_have_finishedhisworknow.杰克现在应当已经完成工作了。\n\n对点自测1．Noneofthemeverthoughttheirproducts______suchanimportantroleinthecomputermarket20yearslater.A．weretoplayB．playedC．wouldhaveplayedD．hadplayed答案：A解析：考查betodo表示“注定会……，一定……”。\n2．Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A．whichB．asC．whyD．where答案：D解析：考查定语从句。当先行词是case,point,situation等词时，若定语从句中缺状语，用where引导该从句。\n3．Thetrain______arriveat11：30,butwasanhourlate.A．wasabouttoB．waslikelytoC．wassupposedtoD．wascertainto答案：C解析：由句意“火车应该11：30到，但是却晚了一个小时”，表示“应该做……而未做”选besupposedto。A项意为“将要”；B项意为“可能”；D项意为“一定”。\n4．You______theprojectbynow.A．aresupposedtofinishB．supposedtofinishC．aresupposedfinishingD．aresupposedtohavefinished答案：D解析：finish的动作应该在谓语动词之前完成，故要用不定式的完成时态。\n5．—Idon'tsupposehecouldhavedonewellintheCollegeEntranceExam,______？—No,______healmostfailedit.A．hadhe;thereforeB．didhe;actuallyC．doI;otherwiseD．couldhe;anyway答案：B解析：考查反意疑问句和副词。第一空所在句子使用了否定转移和情态动词表示判断推测，反意部分用didhe；答语要用副词actually表示递进关系，加强否定回答的语气。\n\nⅠ.选词填空aheadof,concentrateon,besupposedto,accuse...of,dependon1．Asastudent,Ishould____________mylessons.2．Ifinishedtheworkseveraldays____________thedealine.3．I____________beinglazybymywife.4．Youcan____________himtohelpyouwithEnglish.5．You____________finishthereporttoday.答案：1.concentrateon2.aheadof3.wasaccusedof4.dependon5.aresupposedto\nⅡ.易错专练1．Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders______consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A．whereB．whenC．whoD．which答案：A解析：这个从句应是定语从句，先行词是前面的cases，空白处在从句中作状语，应用where引导，指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中……”。\n2．WhenIcouldn'tavoidmeetinghim,Ifacedanembarrassingsituation______Icouldonlykeepsilent.A．whoB．whichC．whenD．where答案：D解析：考查定语从句。该定语从句的先行词是前面的anembarrassingsituation，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该选用关系副词where，据此这里选D项。\n3．Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer______sheneededtodecidewhattodo.A．thatB．whatC．whichD．where答案：D解析：point为先行词，意思是“关头，地步，时刻”，where引导定语从句，where(＝atwhich)在定语从句中作状语。\n4．Nowthereisjustonepoint______Iwishyoutomakeclear.A．whereB．thatC．whetherD．when答案：B解析：that引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语。\nⅢ.语法专练(倒装)1．Sosudden______thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A．didtheattackB．theattackdidC．wastheattackD．theattackwas答案：C解析：考查倒装，so...that...,such...that...的句子结构中，若so,such和与其所修饰的词置于句首，要用部分倒装，又sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。\n2．Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew______repairingandcleaningit.A．hestoppedB．didhestopC．stoppedheD．hedidstop答案：B解析：notuntil位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。\n3．OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly______howmuchIlovedthem.A．IrealizedB．IhadrealizedC．hadIrealizedD．didIrealize答案：D解析：考查部分倒装。“only＋状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装\n4．______，hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A．StrangeasmightitsoundB．AsitmightsoundstrangeC．AsstrangeitmightsoundD．Strangeasitmightsound答案：D解析：as引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序，其结构为：adj./adv./n.＋as＋主语＋句子其他部分，因此D项正确。\n5．Thebushitagainstatreeinthefogand______tothedeepvalley,withtenpassengerskilledandtwentywounded.A．downdiditrollB．downrolleditC．itdownrolledD．downitrolled答案：D解析：当down,up,out等副词放在句首且谓语为方位移动动词时，要用完全倒装，但本句的主语为代词it，所以应选D