高中非谓语动词课件 62页

非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs\n非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式\n1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.\n1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词划分句子成分非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.\n4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）\n非谓语动词的句法功能名称主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语插入语不定式√√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√√过去分词√√√√√\n动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时tomaketobemade进行时tobemaking完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade完成进行时tohavebeenmaking\n不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时或在之后发生，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabook3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel..不定式被动语态的用法.A.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语)\n句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedtheman.2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswer.Theboyisdifficulttoteach.3,Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.\n(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在句末，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.\n句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsb.todosth.Itis+adj+ofsb.todosth.（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.\n常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语\n2).常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain，know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.\nbeginstartcontinue+todo/doing注意下列动词①\n②likelovehatepreferlearn+todo/doing\n③rememberforgetregret+todo/doing\n④trymeanstopgoon+todo/doing\n1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff\n(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mother told me___come back before10 o’clock.2.I’ll get someone___repair the recorderfor you.3.What caused him___change his mindmtototo\nadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todo\nseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+do/doing/donemakelethave\nsb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet\nI often hear them (sing) thissong.Did you notice anyone (come )in ?I would have him (wait) for me for a long time.Look at the horse（jump）.注意： 当这类动词（感官动词，使役动词）转为被动语态时， 作补语的不定式则要加上“to”。如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·He was seen _______ the room.tosingto enter\n4.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.4.Wethink_it_important_to_obeythelaw.itto\n用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocryA.\n5.不定式作定语不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.\n1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith\n注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．6.不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)\n7.不定式作表语表示主语的职业，职责和性质等。Mygoalistobeascientist.Myjobistoteaching.\n动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点又具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.\n2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...\n1.作主语Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting.Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse'sjob.It'sdangerousplayingwithfire.It'sawasteoftimecopyingother'shomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.\n（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganythingIt’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilkIt’snogoodsmokingtoomuch\n2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind\n注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如:Wedon'tallowfishinghere.我们不准在这儿钓鱼。Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。\nprefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan'thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doing\n动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；mean；goon；OthersExamples\n四.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语，可以作主语，宾语。1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词Mary'scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词I'msureofhimcomingontime.Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.\n分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：规则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。\n现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成developingcountry发展中国家boilingwater沸腾的水developedcountry发达国家boiledwater白开水，煮开过的水\n二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromising(有前途的）youngman.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.如果是单个的分词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语，放在被修饰的名词之后。\nThebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.\n（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成或只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。\n3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。\n现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别4、作状语现在分词表主动，进行，过去分词表被动，完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.\nGivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention\nBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry\nTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughing\nToservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell\n判断下列句子正误：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.FFFF\n判断句子正误并改正：1.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.2.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.3.BrokenbyJim,Ican’tusethecup.hewassenttohospitalbyhisclassmate.Iwastoldtogetupearly.thecupcan’tbeused.\n将下列状语从句改为非谓语动词短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,\n2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,\nHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime\n独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.\n1．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.\n（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.\n（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.\n2．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.\n（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.\n4）with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.\n（6）with+名词/代词+-en分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名词/代词+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.