高中定语从句ppt课件 52页

定语从句\n定语定语——修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Theblackbikeismine.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.TheboyintheroomisJack.Itisaswimmingpool.\n定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.TheboycalledJimismybrother。Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?\n定语从句放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。\neg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词\n引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。eg.Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.主语Ilostthebook((that/which)yougaveme).宾语\nJointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachinethat/which\nTheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herTheladywesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词\n先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词\n关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）\n关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语)\nThisisabookIboughtthebookyesterday.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.which/that指物，作主语，不能省。作宾语，可以省。\nThesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.which\nHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that\n关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)\nwho/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)/that\nwho/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Theboyismyfriend..I‘mlookingfortheboyTheboy(who/whom/that)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.\nThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.ThemanwhomInoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom\n⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose\n④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.\n⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.\n先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系=ofwhichthedoor=thedoorofwhichTheyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。=ofwhomthedaughter=thedaughterofwhomeg:Heisthelawyerwhosedaughterwentabroad.\n三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法\n2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.\n④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.\n(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.\n1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空\nThefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略\n介词+关系代词定语从句\nIagreewiththeidea______________youapproveofthat\which\（leaveout)做of的宾语Iagreewiththeidea（主句）_____YouapproveofwhichIagreewiththeidea___________youapproveofofwhich这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词请还原which在从句中的位置\nThisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.We‘llgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamoussinger.withaboutThisistheboywhom/that///whoIplayedtenniswith.We‘llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that//wehaveoftentalkedabout.withabout××××××\nThisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.We‘llgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamoussinger.withaboutThisistheboywhom/that///whoIplayedtenniswith.We‘llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that//wehaveoftentalkedabout.withabout××××××\n根据从句中的动词搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.介词+whom/which如何判断介词for\nThisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.如何判断介词with2根据先行词与介词搭配\n五.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法\n用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when\n用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where\n用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why\n4.关系副词的用法注意点(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?4.关系副词的用法注意点\n巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空\n对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空\n2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)\nThereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.\n六.非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义\n2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别\n(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。\nUnderthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromClassTwo.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,thatwasoutofourexpect.whomwhosewhich\n单项选择Theman_____youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.A.whomB.whichD.whoseD.where2.Thenecklace____myfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.where3.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingtoC.thenurseistalkingtoD.thatthenurseistalkingACB\n4.Ms.Ji____lovesusverymuchisourmathteacher.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.Thebike________wasstolen.A.whichmymotherbuysmeB.whomymotherboughtmeC.whichmymotherboughtmeD.thatmymotherbuysme6.Thedog___ownerisanoldmanisverylovely.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.whoACB\nExercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.\n4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that\n句子翻译1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboy’slife.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.