高中阶段所有从句课件 59页

Welcometoourclass\n句子结构按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、并列句、复合句三种。一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类：S+V：Thesunrisesintheeast.S+V+O：Mybrotherboughtanewcellphone.\nS+V+P：Thegrassturnsgreen.S+V+Oi+Od：Myfathergavemeagift.S+V+O+C：Hemadethebabylaugh.二、并列句：并列句往往由并列连词连接，并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系。常见的并列连词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither,nor,neither…nor…,or,either…or…,but,yet,still,however,while,when,for,so,thus,therefore等。\nSomestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball.Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。\nWhathedidmadehismotherangry.Parentsshouldn’tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.Thisisbecauseyouaretoocareless.Checkallyouranswersbeforeyouturninyourpapers.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.\n定语从句定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnottrueman.MissGreenisastrictbutkindteacherwhoalwayscaresforeverystudent.Footballisplayedinover80countries,whichmakesitpopular.\nI’llneverforgetthedays关系代词，在从句中作宾语先行词thatwespenttogether.修饰\n关系代词的选择和作用1.先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom(whom可以省略).TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.2.先行词指物时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用which,作宾语时可省略。\nTheyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3.先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that,作宾语是可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.He’schanged.He’snotthemanthathewasbefore.4.Whose的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。\n指物时可与ofwhich互换，“名词+ofwhich”.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.ThehousewhosewindowsfaceeastisMr.Smith’s.ThehousethewindowsofwhichfaceseastisMr.Smith’s.\n关系副词的选择和作用1.当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.比较：Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.2.当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词where。Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.\n比较：Thisistheplacethat/whichIoncevisited.3.当先行词是thereason(s)，且从句中缺少原因状语时，选择关系副词why。Thisisthereasonwhyhewaskilled.比较：Thisreasonthat/whichhegaveuswasunacceptable.\n介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：1.根据先行词的搭配习惯thedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.IstillremembertheyearinwhichIstayedhere.\n2.根据从句中谓语动词的搭配onwhichIspent5Yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5Yuan.fromwhichIlearntalot.3.根据所表达的意义Thewallonwhichthereisamapfaceseast.Thewallinwhichthereisawindowfaceseast.\nAs和which1.as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指代前面整个句子。区别：①as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。②as有正如，正像的含义，而which没有。Shakespeareisafamousplaywright,asweknow.\nAsweknow,Shakespeareisafamousplaywright.Shakespeare,asweknow,isafamousplaywright.Hismotherisanengineer,whichmakeshimproud.2.若先行词被such或thesame所修饰，关系代词用as。Heissuchakindmanaswealllike.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.\n※只能用that的情况1.当先行词是all,much,little,any,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,theone等不定代词时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited.3.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.\n4.先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.5.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere?\n※不能用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从句中Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichiscalledastarter.2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：I’mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches.\n※定语从句中主谓一致问题1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。Mr.Smith,whoisnowdownstairs,isaskingtoseeyou.TheSmiths,whoarenowdownstairs,areaskingtoseeyou.2.Oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数形式；the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式\nHeisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad.※在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现。Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit.（×）※当先行词是way表示方式、方法时，关系词可用inwhich、that或省略。Thisisthewayinwhich/(that)IstudyEnglish.\n※当先行词situation,point,degree等作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.※Isthisschool___wevisited?Thisschoolistheonethatwevisited.Isthistheschool___wevisited?Thisistheschoolthatwevisited.\n限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指代不清。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterthepatients.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.\n2.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。Theearthgoesroundthesun,whichistrue.Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.3.在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定语从句则没有。\n4.在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。Thenovel(which)Ihavereadthreetimesisverymoving.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverymoving.5.在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用that(指人时用who/whom,指物用which),关系副词则用when,where,forwhich6.非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。\n1.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily，____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.why       B.where    C.which          D.that2.Thenews____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.A.which            B.whetherC.what             D.that3.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.it    B.what     C.which    D.thatBDC\n4.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate _____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.which     B.that       C.what      D.who5.TheScienceMuseum,____wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.which B.what  C.that      D.where6.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse___roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.thatCAA\n7.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there’sonepoint___wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD.×8.Ifashophaschairs___womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where9.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst___Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which10.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,___surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.itDDBA\n11.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What12.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,___hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis13.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,___shewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichBCD\n单句改错:1.Ialsoenjoytheeveningwhenwespenttogether.______2.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.______3.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthathasbeenpublishedsofar._____4.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.______5.Iwillgiveyoursisteramodelplanewhichshewillliketoplay.______________________________________________\n6.ItisthemostexcitingfootballmatchwhichIhaveseen.______7.Whichweknow,heavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedunlessairholdsthemback.______8.Hedoesn’thavesuchamindthatisnecessarytoascientist._______9.TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong._____10.Onthewallhungapicture,whichcolorisblue.__________________________________________\n14.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich15.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse____,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomturnD.forhertoturn16.Byusingyoureyesyoucantellthedirection___lightcomes.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhichABA\n17.Canyoutellmethenameoftheshop___youpaidavisitlastweek?A.whatB.whichC.towhichD.tothat18.I,who___yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.A.beB.amC.areD.is19.Thelastquestion___canbeusedbyyou.A.whichheaskedB.thathewasaskeditC.heaskedD.heaskeditCBC\n20.Haveyoueveraskedhimthereason__mayexplainhisabsence?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.what21.Thebox,___colorisredandwhite,isforputtingoldbooks.A.whichB.whoseC.itsD.that22.___shecoulddowastogobackhome.A.AllwhatB.AllthatC.AllthisD.AllwhichCBB\n形容词性从句（定语从句）主语从句表语从句复合句名词性从句宾语从句同位语从句副词性从句（状语从句）\n主语从句主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有：连词：thatwhether;连接代词：whowhatwhich;连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等Thathewillcometothepartyexcitedus.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonyourself.\nWhowonthegameisnowknown.Whathesaidisright.Whenweshallmeetagainisunknown.※①that一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整的陈述句②that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，常用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句放到后面。\n常用的句式主要有：It+be+形容词+that从句常用的形容词有:likely,right,wrong,certain,necessary,important,natural,strange,obvious,clear等Itisnecessarythatwe(should)buyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.※在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。\nIt+be+名词+that从句常用的名词有：apity,ashame,afact,anhonor,awonder,nowonder,goodnews等Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelecture.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+be+动词-ed+that从句常用的动词-ed形式：said,believed,hoped,reported,told,thought,advised,decided,suggested,ordered等Itissaidthatthefamouswriterwillvisitourschoolnextweek.\nItwassuggestedthateachstudent(should)singasonginEnglish.※在“Itisadvised/decided/suggested/ordered+that从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should也可省略。It+特殊动词+that从句常用的动词有:happen,(doesn’t)matter,occur,make…difference等IthappenedthatIknewhowtodealwithit.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.\n表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有：连词：thatwhether;连接代词：whowhatwhich;连接副词：whenwherehowwhy另外，because,asif/though也可引导表语从句。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tgetupontime.\nThequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.Changshaisnotwhatitusedtobe.Thisishowwegotoutoftroublethen.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.※①that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略②当主语为advice,decision,demand,suggestion,order等表示要求、主张、建议、命令的词时，从句谓语动词为“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。Myadviceisthatyou(should)stopsmoking.\n同位语从句同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词（fact,idea,news,promise等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词that,少数情况也用whether,how,when,where,why等。Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.Thestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookwasworthreading.\n※①that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略.②同位语从句与定语从句的区别：Thenewsthattheywonthegameistrue.Thenews（that）youtoldusistrue.a.从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词进行修饰、限定。b.从结构上讲，前者由连词that引导，不作成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省略。\n填入适当的引导词1.______hewantsisabook2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Is_____hetoldustrue?4.Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.5.______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.6.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.\n7.Itisnoneofyourbusiness____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.8.____parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.9.____hewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.10.____hecamehereisnotknown.11.____hewillgoornotisnotclear.12.____willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedthisafternoon.\n1.(08北京卷)Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who2.(08上海春卷)Thenews_____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaperA.whichB.whetherC.whatD.that3.(08上海春卷)______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiledA.WhatB.WhichC.WhetherD.That\n4.(08上海卷)Ashisbestfriend,Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout_____hewilldoorthink.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that5.(08上海卷)Ithasbeenproved____eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that6.(08天津卷)Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why7.(08重庆卷)PeopleinChongqingareproudof___theyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how\n8.(08安徽卷)Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout___theycangowithanewteacher.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howlong9.(08浙江卷)______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who10.(08浙江卷)Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom___theirparentsspeakathome.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one\n11.(08湖南卷)Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which12.(08陕西卷)TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyideathepartyistobeheld?A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where13.(08福建卷)_____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which14.(08山东卷)______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As\n1.____mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.[2007全国卷II]A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which2.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.[2007上海卷]A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.Where3.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.[2007上海卷]A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that4.CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?[2007山东卷]A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．Nomatterwho\n5.Youcanonlybesureof_________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that6.—Where’sthatreport?—Ibroughtittoyou____youwereinMr.Black'sofficeyesterday.[2007北京卷]A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.before7.Itisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.[2007福建卷]A.howB.whatC.whichD.when8.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_________allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.[2007湖南卷]A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where\n9.Choosingtherightdictionarydependson______youwanttouseitfor.[2007江苏卷]A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether10.parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.[2007陕西卷]A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As11.Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreofyouread．[2007上海春]A．thatB．whatC．whichD.whether\n1.(安徽06)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger_______itwas20yearsago,_______itwassopoorlyequipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.when;that2.(辽宁06)Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which3.(全国I/II06)Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that\n4.(广东06)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt_______acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether5.(重庆06)Theoldlady’shandshookfrequently.Sheexplainedtoherdoctor_______thisshakinghadbegunhalfayearbefore,and_______,onlybecauseofthis,shehadbeenforcedtogiveupherjob.A.when;howB.how;whenC.how;howD.why;why\n6.(江苏06)-Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_toMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemis_______hehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what7.(江西06)Thewayhediditwasdifferent_______wewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich\n8.(湖南06)Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize________sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which9.(天津06)Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.what10.(浙江06)Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which\n复合关系代名词Whoever,whomever,Whenever,wherever,however,Whatever,whicheverWhoever(Anyonewho)comesfirstmaytakeit.Youmaydowhateveryoulike.(anythingthat)在名词性从句中,我们不能把以上句中的whoever,whatever换成nomatter+wh-\nWhateveryourproblemsare,theycan’tbeworsethanmine.Whoevermaytroubleyou,Iwillhelpyou.Whereveryougo,Iwillgowithyou.在上面三个让步状语从句中,我们可以将whatever,whoever,wherever分别换成nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,nomatterwhere