《高中名词性从句》PPT课件 26页

名词性从句Nounclauses\n在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能。\n名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句\n1.Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2.Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.3.I’lltellhimwhenhecomesback.4.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonistrue.注：从句须用陈述语序\n一、主语从句主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。（1）.that引导主语从句1.Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwasobvious.2.Thathewillcomeiscertain.注：that引导主语从句时，不同于其他的连词，在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，通常不可省略。\n在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾，在这种结构中连词that有时可以省略。Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。Itislikelythathewillcome.A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,wonderful,natural,important,strange,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,nosurprise,ashame,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,etc.)+that从句。常用形式主语it的结构：\nD.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。Itseemsthatheiswrong.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。ItisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoonC. It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought.,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。\n注：1.在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that分句中的谓语动词也常用should+V原形。2.在表示建议，命令，要求等先行it结构中，that分句中的谓语动词常用should+V原形。1.Itisbestthathe（should）go.2.It’sapitythatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.3.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.4.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.3.if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，而whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾Whetherthereislifeonotherplanetsisnotyetknown.Itisnotsureifhewillsucceed.\n（2）．注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=anyonewho)无论谁来都将受到欢迎。Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=anythingthat)无论他做什么事情都是正确的。Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。\n二、表语从句表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。按引导词的不同，可分为下面四类：(1)由从属连词引导(if不能引导表语从句)Thefactisthatwearebehindothergroups.Thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.(2)由连接代词引导Chinaisnotwhatisusedtobe.Theproblemiswhowillstay.Whatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.(3)由连接副词引导Thisiswhereyouarewrong.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.(4)有时as,asif,asthough,because也可以引导表语从句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.\n注：reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why；而用it、this、that作主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。1.Thereason+连系动词+that引导的表语从句“理由是……”Thereasonwasthathefellill.“理由是他生病了。”2.It/This/That+连系动词+thereason+why引导的定语从句“这就是……的原因（理由）”Thatwasthereasonwhyhefellill.“这就是他病倒的原因。”3.It/This/That+连系动词+because引导的表语从句“这是因为……”或“这是由于……缘故”Thatwasbecausehefellill.“这是因为他病倒了。”4.It/This/That+连系动词+why引导的表语从句“这就是……的原因”Thatwaswhyhefellill.“这就是他病倒的原因。”\n三、宾语从句宾语从句是只在复合句中作及物动词宾语的从句，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。Youmaydowhatyouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.1.当及物动词带双宾语时，宾语从句用作直接宾语。注:Thesephotoswillshowyoumyvillage.Thesephotoswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.Hethoughtitapitythathemissedthefilm.Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.2.如果宾语从句后边该有宾语补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在宾补之后。\n3.介词的宾语从句不可用which和if来引导。Sheaskedif/whetheryouhavereceivedtheletter.Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.that从句一般不作介词的宾语，只在表示“除…外”的介词except,but,besides后偶尔能看见。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesnextdoor.“我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。”4.某些作表语的形容词后可跟宾语从句。常见的有：sure,certain,gald,pleased,happy,surprised等。Noonecanbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears.5.在表示要求、建议、命令、意见、看法等动词后跟的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should+动词原形”HeinsistedthatTomshoulddothejob.\n四、同位语从句同位语从句跟在抽象名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。用于同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,word,promise,idea,plan,knowledge,law,opinion,truth,hope,belief,thought,doubt,answer,information,story,possibility,problem,suggestion等。引导词用that(不可省略),whether及连接副词how,when,where,why等1.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallthemoney.2.Thequestionwhetherwecouldcollectenoughmoneycameupatthemeeting.3.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.4.Thesuggestionwhereweshouldbuildournewfactoryshouldbeconsidered.\n1.从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作句子成分，如主语、宾语等。Thenewsthatwe’llgoonapicnicthisSundayisn’ttrue.“这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。”Thenews(that)you’veheardisn’ttrue.“你听到的消息不是真的。”2.从语义角度上看，同位语从句与先行词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转换为主表关系：而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”。同位语从句与定语从句的区别：\n注意问题一.常用whether而不宜用if的六种情况：1.引导主语从句放在句首时。Whetherhewillcomeisuncertain.2.引导表语从句，同位语从句Theproblemiswhetherweneedit.Theproblemwhetherwe’llbuildanotherschoolhasn’tbeensettled.3.作介词宾语以及动词discuss后。HewasworriedaboutwhetherhepassedheEnglishexamination.Wearediscussingwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.4.句子中有ornot时。Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.5.动词不定式前。Idon’tknowwhethertogo.\n不可省略的情况：1.介词except,in,but等后的连词。2.引导主语，同位语，表语从句的连词。3.动词后带宾补时,it作形式宾语的宾语从句连词。4.并列宾语从句中，后面的从句引导词。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Thereasonisthatheistoocareless.Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadaloud.Hetold（that）hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingbyhimself.That的省略的问题\n作定语的连接代词whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which和what意为“那一个；什么”。Whosebookitisisnotimportant.Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidn’tknowwhattimeitwas.一般说来，which指的是在一个有限的、较小的范围；而what则指较广的范围。Idon’tknowwhichfoodyouwant.(说话人之眼前的几种“food”)whatfoodyouwant.(指许多的“food”，说话人心中没有数)\nexercise\n用关系词填空1.Allofuswonder____cleanedtheclassroom.2.Thefact____hedidn’tkeephispromisemademeveryangry.3.____heisrightiscertain.4.Thetruthis_____hehascomeback.5.Heasked_____wasthematter.6.Idon’tknow______ornottheprofessorwillgiveusalecture.7._____shouldbedonehasbeendone.whothatThatthatwhatwhetherWhat\n1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Oneofthemenheldtheview_____thebooksaidwasright.A.thatwhatB.whatthatC.thatD.whether3.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.thatCAD单项填空\n4.Energyis_____makethingswork.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything5.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherillinbedis.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because6.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_____tothefront.A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgoACC\n7.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how8.Itisgoodnews______theywillarriveinafewdays.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how9.It______Joedrivesbadly.A.thoughtthatB.thinksthatC.isthoughtwhatD.isthoughtthat\n10.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what11.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when12.Thequestionis______itisworthdoing.A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.what13.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what14.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where\n15.Mysuggestionis______weshouldturnthelandintoricefields.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where16.Hisproposalisthatthedam______atthefootofthemountain.A.buildB.willbuildC.bebuiltD.willbebuilt17.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican’tremember______A.whereB.thereC.whichD.thatC\nHAPPYEVERYDAY!Bye-bye!