高中非谓语动词课件1 37页

非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs\n1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分\n1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语谓语主语定语连系动词划分句子成分\n动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，有时态和语态的变化，它的时态和语态变化形式如下：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时tomaketobemade进行时tobemaking完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade\nWhenIgothome,mysisterhappenedtobewatchingTV.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．Aftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.\n(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在后面，使句子保持平衡。\n句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth\n(2)作宾语。常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want,wish,hope,expect,wouldlike(love),choose,learn,plan,prepare,agree,promise,offer,refuse,ask,beg,decide,makeupone’smind,bedetermined,manage,try,can’tafford,fail,pretend等。Hepromisedtocometoday,buthehasn’tturnedupyet.有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it来作形式宾语。如：Youmayfinditnecessarytofinishtheworkaheadoftime.\n1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go?3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.\n(3)作宾语补足语。常见的跟不定式作宾补的动词有ask,order,advise,like,want,teach,force,forbid,beg,allow,expect,cause,invite,tell,know,callon,dependon,waitfor等。Thechildrenaskedtheirparentstotakethemtothepark.。感官动词后，如see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,hear,listento,feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have,make,let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中to要加上。Thoughhehadoftenmadehissistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhissister.help后的不定式作宾补(包括作宾语)to可有可无。\n（4）做表语：表示具体的动作1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.2).\n注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词，如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作定语不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do.Here are some books for you to read.She was the first person to think of the idea.They made a plan to study English .He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.\n1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper.（写上）3.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen.（写）towriteontowritewith\n1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome(6)作状语\n动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点又具有名词的特点1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.\n2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.\n2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advise/finish/practise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admit/deny/envy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意stand/keep/keeponmind\nprefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.\n③主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.++doingbeworth(值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)\n五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).物主代词（人称代词宾格）/名词所有格（名词的普通格）+动名词在句中作宾语:Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.\n分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词有两种形式：现在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：规则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。\n分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例）及物与不及物动词语态时态类别及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式studyingbeingstudiedgoing完成式havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggoing过去分词一般式studiedgone\n被动式：beingdone表示一个现在进行的被动动作。1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.\n现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater\n二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。\n（3）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。\n3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。\nA）IheardmybrothersinginginthenextroomB）IheardthesongsunginEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.\nHearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews\nGivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention\nBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry\n将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,\n2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,\n独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.\n独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.\n（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.\n（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.