高中英语语法情态动词课件课件 29页

TheModalVerb\n概述英语动词，按其在构成动词词组所起的作用，分为主动词和助动词两大类。助动词又分为基本助动词(如：be,have,will,shall,do)、情态助动词(modalauxiliary)和半助动词(semi-auxiliary,如:beaptto,becertainto,happento等）。2\n现在时形式过去时形式cancouldmaymightwillwouldshallshouldmust---need---dare------oughtto---usedto3英语情态助动词共有13个：\n情态意义表示法表示“能力”和“可能”表示“许可”和“不许”表示“义务”和“必然”表示“预见”和“推测”表示“意愿”、“意图”和“决心”其他情态意义4\nA.表示“能力”（ability）,可用can,could,beableto。Can既能表示现在的能力，也能表示将来的能力。B.表示“可能”（possibility）,可用may,might,can,could。may/might表示“可能”，往往可以交替使用，从而比较婉转，既可以表示现在的可能，也可表示将来的可能。5\nLook！Icandoit!Ican’tdoitnow,butIcandoitlater.Icanclimbthiscliff.Hecandriveacar.I’llbeabletospeakGermaninanothertwomonths.Hewasabletoswimhalfwaybeforehecollapsed.Icouldn’tplaythepianowhenIwasatschool.6\nItmay/mightbetrue.Hemay/mightbestillwaitingatthedoor.Wherecanhebe?Hemaynotgotomorrow.Ifyoudon’thaveaguide,youcouldloseyourway.Hemay/mighthavebeenhurt.Youmighthavekilledyourself.7\nA.请求对方许可（permission）可用can,could,may,might。May/might与can/could相比，后者较为婉转，更有礼貌。B.表示不许可用maynot或者cannot8\nCan/CouldIsmokeinhere?May/MightIsmokeinhere?—CouldIuseyourphone?—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.—MightItroubleyouforalight?—Youmayindeed.9\n—CanIgooutforamoment?—No,youcan’t.—MayIuseyourcarforafewdays?—No,youmaynot.Hemaynotgo.Hemightnotgo.Hewasnotallowedtogo.Ididn’tpermithimtogo.10\nA.所谓表示义务（obligation），即表示必须、应该做某事。表示这些意义，可用should,oughtto,must。用这三个情态助动词表示义务，其口气强弱略有差别。B.所谓表示必然（necessity）就是根据说话人的判断和推测认为必然会有某种情况。表示这种意义，可用should,oughtto和must,其中以用must口气最为肯定。11\nWeshouldlearnfromthemodelworkers.Youshould/oughttodrinkless.Youshould/oughttohaveaskedmypermissionfirst.Youmustbebackbyteno’clock.Youdon’tneedtodoitatonce.Youwillwaitoutsidethegate.12\nSheshouldbehereinaminute.Thebookshouldappealtoallloversofpoetry.Theseyoungtreesoughttoprovideshadeintenyears.Youcan’thaveanydifficultygettingthetickets.IfFreddidn’tleavehomebeforefivehecan’tbethereyet.13\nA.表示预见（prediction）,即表示单纯将来，可用will/shall+不定式。出英格兰以外的说英语国家如美国、新西兰、南非的标准英语中，shall已完全为will所取代，这就是说，will可用于一切人称表示将来。B.表示推测（predictability）,除用should,oughtto和must外，还可用will/would.14\nIwillbeadifferentpersonwhenIliveinEngland.Youwillbehearingfromme.Itwillraintomorrow.I’llbookatableatFrancesco’s.Weshallcatchthecriminalswherevertheyhidethemselves.15\nTheyshould/oughttobehomebynow.Theywillbehomebynow.Shewillbeallrightnow.Alionwillattackamanonlywhenhungry.He’llstayinthelaboratoryfordaysandnightsuntiltheexperimentisfinished.Pigswilleatanything.16\nA.表示意愿（willingness）,即愿意做某事，可用will,would,shall。用will表示意愿，可用于一切人称的主语。B.表示意图（intention）,即打算做某事，也可用will,would,shall。C.表示决心（determination）,既坚持要做某事，也可用will,would,shall。17\nIwilllendyouthemoneyifyouneedit.Willyousingatthepartytomorrowevening?Willyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?—Wouldyoulendmeyourpenaminute?—Certainly,Iwill.Shallyoutakeaholidaythissummer?18\nIwillwritetohertomorrow.Whywillyougothere?Hewouldseeherthenextday,sohedidn’twritetoher.ShallIcarrythesuitcaseforyou?ShouldIturnoffthelight?Whatshouldwedonow?19\nIwilltakethejobandnooneisgoingtostopme.Ifyouwillgo,youmaygoatonce.Hewon’tdowhathe’stold.Youshallobeymyorders.Heshallleavethecountryatonce.Nooneshallstopme.Foreigncountriesshallnotinterfereinourinternalaffairs.20\nA.should可在某些语境中表示惋惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等感情色彩。Itisapitythatheshouldleavesosoon.Theywereamazedthatsheshouldhavedonesomuchinsoshortatime.HowshouldIknow?Whyshouldheberesigning?Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthejob.Ishouldthinkyourapproachiscorrect.21\nB.would可用于委婉的陈述Idon’tthinkhewouldbesocareless.Itwouldbeashametostopourworkhalfway.Wouldyouliketostayhereforthenight?Whatwouldyouadvisemetodo?Wouldn’titbebetterforustostartoffalittleearliertomorrowmorning?22\nC.作为情态助动词表示胆敢，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。Idarenotgothere.Thepresidentwassohot-temperedthatnoonedaretellhimthebadnews.Tomwantedtocome,buthedaren’t.Nobodydaredlifttheireyesformtheground.Theyhardlydaredbreatheassomebodywalkedpastthedoor.Idaresay/daresaythere’llbearain.23\nD.usedto(只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。Thereusedtobeanoldtempleatthecornerofthestreet,butitwasdestroyedinthewarandhasneverbeenrebuilt.UsedyoutogotothesameschoolasEdward?DidyouusetogotothesameschoolasEdward?Whenwewerechildrenweusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.24\nE.May/might可表示让步意义Youmayhavegoodreasons,butthatdoesn’tmakeitlegal.Hemaybeold,buthe’sstillfit.Thatmighthappen,butwe’renotworriedaboutit.Theseexercises,asdifficultastheymayseemtobe,arereallygoodforyou.Comewhatmay,I’llnotgiveup.25\n能做推测性用法的情态动词情态动词非推测性用法推测性用法can/could表示能力、许可表示可能may/might表示许可表示可能will/would表示意志表示推测should/oughtto表示义务表示必然must表示义务表示必然26\n2.能做推测性用法的情态助动词的句法特征其后的不定式可以采取完成体形式Youmusthavethoughtaboutthat.B.其后的不定式可以采取进行体形式Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.C.可以用于there-存在句Theremustbesomemistake.D.其后的不定式为一般形式时通常是静态动词。Hemustbethere.E.主语可以使表示无生命的名词词组。ItmustbeGeorge.27\n3.能做推测性用法的情态助动词及所指时间Hemustbethere.Ourteammightwintherace.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.Hemustbecallingtonight.Hemayhavecomelastyear.Hemusthavebeendozing.28\nThankyou!