《高中情态动词》PPT课件 66页

Unit2GrammarandUsageModalverbs\nJack—Ihavegoodnewsforyou!Rose—What?Jack—Theeducationaldepartmenthascarriedoutrulestoreducestudents'toomuchstudyload.Rose—Really?Ifso,Idon’thavetostayuplatetodosomuchhomeworkandmymommayallowmetoplaycomputergames.Jack—ThebestthingIthinkisthatIcanhavemoresparetimetotakeexerciseafterclass.Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Rose—Tellmesomethingabouthim.Jack—Well,maybeIcanshowyousomephotos.\nWeusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许）5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见）\n情态动词的基本用法特点1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。\n只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情态可实义的need,dare可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto\n1.Ability(能力):LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds.\ncan/could:1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。3.LearningEnglishcanbedifficult.2.Mancannotlivewithoutair.7.CanIuseyourbike?1.Thegirlcandanceverywell.4.Youcanhurtyourselfifyouplayinthestreet5.Everyonecanmakemastikes6.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.\nThebiggestproblemformostplants,which____justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.(湖南2007)A.shan’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’tTheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit______beveryslow.A.ShouldB.mustC.willD.can\ncan/could:could可表示请求，语气较委婉。—____Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnotAttention:\ncan/could:2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime!can’tHowcanyoubesocareless!Canthisbetrue?\ncan/could:3.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.\n4.cannothelpdoing.../cannothelpbutdo.../cannnotbutdo...“禁不住；不由得；不得不”。1）IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.2）Whenaclosefrienddies，youcannotbutfeelsad.\nAttention:can/beableto区别:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.Question:Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable(互换)?Ifnot,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。\nAttention:can/beableto区别:AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.can\nI’msotired!Ihavetodothetrainingforatleast10hoursaday!2.Obligation(义务):…yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal.AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace…\nAttention:necessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustYourmotherbringsyouupandtakesgoodcareofyou,sowhensheisold,you___lookafterherinreturn.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.must\n2.must表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.must1.表示“必须”，must和have to稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.\nYou___buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto2.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithfire.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.daren'tAttention:\nAttention:—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why？—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would\nmust2.表示“坚持”还可表示“偏偏、偏要”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）e.g.2.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?1.Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.3.Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite.\n-MayIsmokehere?-Ifyou__,chooseaseatinthesmokingarea.A.should  B.could  C.may  D.must\nmust用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”—MustI finish all assignments at a time?—Yes,youmust.No, youneedn't.Attention:\nShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGames.Althoughthechanceofwinningamedalissmall,I’lltrymybest!3.Certainty(可能性):\nAttention:veryuncertainalmostcertainmightshouldmustmaycouldoughttowill1.He_____beathome.2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.mustA.mayB.mightC.must(can)\n4.Permission(允许):MayIeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal?\nmay/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan/may./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.\nmay/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。Mayyousucceed.Hemaybeverybusynow.Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.\n4.maywell“极有可能”e.g.Lizamaywellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.may/mightaswell“不妨”e.g.Youmayaswellstayfordinner.\n5.Makingrequests(提出要求请求):Canyouhelpmewithmytraining?Idon’tknowhowtousethisequipment!willcancouldwouldinformalformal\n6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?It’stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon.\nshall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?\nshall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.等我读完这本书，就会给他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威胁允诺\n3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应……，须……，得……Thefineshallbegivenincash.\n7.Givingadvice(提出意见):Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.Howdelicious!!!\nshould:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?我们应当要相互学习。Weshouldlearnfromeachother.\nshould:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。1)Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.2）Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain.3）Youaremistaken,Ishouldsay\n3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。1）Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.2）Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim3）Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdiditshould:\n4.should表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”should:1.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need2.It’snearly7:00.Jack_____behereatanymoment.(N95)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can\n5.用于条件状语从句中)一旦；万一Ifsheshouldknowthetruth，shewouldbegreatlydepressed.Shouldyouchangeyourmind，letusknow.\n8.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear,Iwillwashthemrightaway.Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idon’thavetime……\nwill/would:Attention:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情态动词表示“意愿”\nwill/would:1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。sentencepatternWouldyouplease…Wouldyoumind…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulike…WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow？\nwill/would:2.表示意志、愿望(意愿)和决心。1)Iwillneverdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywoulhelpus3)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome\nwill/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性)就是(不能)1).Theoldmanwouldhaveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.\n2).门就是打不开!Thedoorwon’topen.\nwould和usedto的比较1、would主要表示过去一段时间内的某种习惯，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总要，总是”usedto主要表示过去存在但是现在已不再存在的习惯，意为“过去常常”。OnSundayshe_______gotocallontheoldmanwhenhewasyoung.I_______getuplate,butnowIhavegotusedtogettingupveryearly.XiaoLi________beamodelworker.Heisnowauniversitystudent.wouldusedtousedto\n可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词.needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;(sb.)needtododaretodo(sth.)needtobedone(sth.)needdoing\n判断正误:Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?\nNobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.\nTobecontinued\n三.“情态动词+havedone”的用法（1）musthavedone：对过去某事的有把握的推测（肯定句）（2）canhavedone：对过去某事很有把握的推测（否定和疑问句）（3）couldhavedone：canhavedone过去式本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到（4）may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测mighthavedone还可表示本来应该或可以做某事，含轻微责备语气（5）should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做（6）shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone过去不应该做而实际上做了（7）needn’thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了didn’tneedtodo表示没必要做的事实际也没做(8)wouldratherhavedone:当时宁愿做某事却没做，后悔\n1.Thegroundisratherwet,soit_______haverainedlastnight,didn’tit?2.Tom__________havegonetoShanghai,butI’mstillnotsureaboutit.3.Thegroundisverydry,soit_____haverainedlastnight.4.Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom.Who________havedoneit?5.IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenI______havestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.mustmay/mightcan’tcan/couldshould\n6.Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyou_________haveleftinsuchahurrythen.7.I_____________havecometohelpyouwithyourEnglish,butIwastoobusyatthattime.8.---IpaidavisittoNewYorklastmonthandwestayedatanicehotel.---Oh,you_______havestayedwithBarbara.Sheisalwayswillingtodoyouafavour.couldneedn’twouldrather\n1.-Shelooksveryhappy.She__havepassedtheexam.-Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.She___haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t\n3.-I’msorry.I___atyoutheotherday.-Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted\n4.You__theexam,butyouspentallyourtimeplaying.A.canpassB.couldhavepassedC.couldpassD.canhavepassed\n5.-Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.-Thanks.You____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone6.MyMP4isn’tinmybag.Where_____Ihaveputit？A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would\n5.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone6.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried\n7.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustn’tseeB.can’thaveseenC.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee8.AuntMary______thetrain,otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.A.musthavemissedB.shouldhavemissedC.hadmissedD.mightmiss\ncan/may/must/need问句的回答方式Can/Couldyoudosth.Yes,I/we/canNo,Iwecan’t/couldn’tMayIdosth.?Yes,No,youMustI/wedosth.?Yes,NoyouNeedIdosth.?Yes,No,you疑问句式肯定句式否定答式youmay/canmustn’t/maynot.youmustneedn’t/don’thaveto.youmust.needn’t/don’thaveto.\n5.情态动词的应答1.---ShallItellJohnaboutit?---No,you______.I’vetoldhimalready.(N1994)A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t2.---CouldIcallyoubythefirstname?---Yes,you__________.(1998上海)A.willB.couldC.mayD.mightAC此句的关键是“I’vetoldhimalready”，由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。在回答“CouldI…”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes,youcan或may”。不能用could或might。\n3.---Willyoustayforlunch?---Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(N1999)A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t4.----Writetomewhenyougethome.----__________.(2001北京春季)A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.IcanBC此句的关键是“Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”所以我不能在这儿吃饭。在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用“Yes,Iwill.”而不能使用would或should。\n7.You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’tCB\n9.--Willyoustayforlunch?--Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t10.--MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?--________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’tBC\nHomeworkReviewtheusageofmodalverbsandfinishtheexercisepaper\nThankyou!