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语法你知道什么是语法吗?\n语法词法实词数、名、代、副、形、动虚词介、连、冠、叹句法一般3大类句子5个简单句8种句子成分不规则强调句/感叹句/倒装句/省略句/祈使句\n例:TheyarrivedinHarbinyesterdaymorning.1.“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例:IstudyEnglish.2.“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。8/13/20216种简单句\n例:OurteachertaughtusEnglish.3.“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。例:Heaskedhertogothere.4.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。8/13/2021\n例:Iamateacher.5.“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)例:Thereisabirdinthetree.6.“There+be+主语+…”(即“存在”句型)8/13/2021\nIwenttoabeautifulparkyesterdayhappilybybicycle.9种句子成分:主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,同位语\n宾语从句何为宾语从句用来做宾语的句子连词+主语+谓语+其他\n1.及物动词/介词+句子①Shehopesshecanpasstheexam.②Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.2.双宾动词之后,如tell①Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.3.形容词+句子。如afraid①IamsurethatIwillpasstheexam.宾语从句的类型\n1.Lilydoesn’tknow___sheandherfriendscandotohelpthelittleboy___parentshavelefttheirhometownformakingmoney.(2015年)A.thatwhoseB.howwhoC.whatwhoD.whatwhose就瞅着你牛刀小试\n2.Couldyoupleasetellme__?(北京卷)AhowcanImakethemachineworkBhowIcanmakethemachinetoworkChowIcanmakethemachineworkDhowcanImakethemachinetowork宾语从句连词语序时态三大考点\nHewon’tgoswimming.Ithink.Idon’tthink.thathewillgoswimming.当宾语从句表示否定的意义、主句为第一人称、动词为think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose时,常将从句的否定移到主句上。否定前移\n七.if/when具有双重意义1.Iwanttoknowifhe_______(come)tomorrow.Ifhe_______(come).Pleasetellme.2.Couldyoutellmewhenhe________(come)?Pleasetakehimtoschoolwhenhe_____(come).if:引导宾语从句或条件状语从句;when:引导宾语从句或时间状语从句。当if/when引导宾语从句,根据实际情况选用时态;当if/when引导状语从句,应遵循“”原则。willcomecomeswillcomecomes主将从现\n宾语从句三要素引导词that(陈述句)if/whether(一般疑问句)特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变本课小结\n8/13/2021Theuseoftenses\n8/13/2021语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v-s/esam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时V-edwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p\n8/13/2021高考考查趋势:1.侧重基础,语境提示;2.时态语态结合;3.主谓一致结合;4.贴近生活的題干内容,插入语等手段运用;\n8/13/2021一般时态基本形式Ⅰ一般现在时Amisare,do,does一般过去时Was,were,did一般将来时①will/shall+动词原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo\n8/13/2021SimplepresenttensesGrammarandusageoftenses\n1一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play8/13/2021D\n1一般现在时的用法2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实或表示格言或警句。①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served8/13/2021C\n3).表示现在的状态:e.g.He’stwelve.She’satwork4).表主语具备的性格和能力等:e.g.Shelikesnoodles.TheyspeakFrench.8/13/2021\n1一般现在时的用法5)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语,但不用将来时。此时主语是物:车,船,飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.6)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.②----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken8/13/2021C\n一般现在时的特殊用法a.用于新闻标题或图片说明中ChinaDeclaresMannedSpaceflightSuccessful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功LauraBushArrivesinMoscow劳拉·布什抵达莫斯b.用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中Francisslipspast,passestheballtoYaoMing,whojumps,catchesandshootsitintothebasket.弗朗西斯穿过去,把球传给姚明,姚明跳起来,接住球投进篮里。Now,look,Ipressthebuttonandturnonthemachine.现在,看,我按下按扭,打开了这台机器。c.表示告诫或劝说Youmindyourownbusiness.你不要管闲事!8/13/2021\n③I’vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_____timeforagametomorrow.A.shallhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.aregoingtohave④----CanIdriveonthefreeway,MrGreen?-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitmoreskilled.A.willgetB.aregettingC.willhavegotD.get8/13/2021\n8/13/2021⑤.Columbusprovedthattheearth__round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are⑥Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026____offat18:20.A.takes B.tookC.willbetaken D.hastakenBA\n.(2012·安徽高考)Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,________someofitsstoresopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一,部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语为Walmart,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,故选A。8/13/2021\n—Canyoutellmethetimetableoftheschoolbus?—Well,thebus__________hereforthecampusat7:00A.m……A.willleaveB.leftC.isleavingD.leaves【答案解析】D.考查时态,“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情,表示一般性动作用一般现在时。8/13/2021\n8/13/2021一般过去时的用法1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hewasathomeyesterday.Igotupatsixthirtyyesterdaymorning.Ivisitedmyauntlastweekend.2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Myfatheroftenwenttoworkbybuslastyear.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.healwayscarriedanumbrella.3.表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。Excuseme.Ididn'trealizeIwasblockingyourway\n8/13/2021常用时间常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:yesterday,theotherday,justnowlastnight(week,month,year…)twodaysago,aweekago,threeyearsago…in1990,(in1998…)WhenIwas5yearsago\n一般过去时的特殊用法a.在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态It'stimewewent.是我们该走的时候了。IwishIweretwentyyearsyounger.但愿我年轻20岁。Iwouldratheryoudidn'tdoanythingforthetimebeing.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。b.在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemeahand.我想请你帮个忙。MightIcomeandseeyoutonight?我想今晚来看你,好吗?8/13/2021\n1一般过去时的用法表示过去发生的,和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt(溢出)coffeeonthecarpet.(地毯)----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----WasMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave8/13/2021\nI______whilereadingtheEnglishtextbook.Luckily,myroommatewokemeupintime!A.hadfallenasleepB.havefallenasleepC.fellasleepD.fallasleepC根据woke(wake的过去式)可以判断,这里谈论的与“现在”无关,因此可以排除B和D两项。I是在读书期间睡着的(whilereading),而不是在之前睡着的,所以A项也是不恰当的。8/13/2021\nAllmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrownCgrow与as从句里的wait同时发生。题干前半句为时间状语,提供了极为重要的时间线索:Allmorningasshewaited…,表示了过去的一段延续时间,本空之中动词所表示的行为(hernervousness“grow”)与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。8/13/2021\n1.(2012·北京高考)Ourfriendship________quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developed解析:考查时态。句意:在随后的几周里,我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语overtheweeksthatfollowed可知,这里叙述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。答案:D8/13/2021\n(2012·重庆高考)—Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?—Well,I________atestandI'mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take解析:考查动词时态。根据“I'mwaitingfortheresult”可知,Kevin已经参加过考试了,是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。故选B项。8/13/2021\n—Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I'msorry,I_____anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.A.wasn'tsayingB.don'tsayC.won'tsayD.didn'tsayD从对话题干所设语境看,此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事(youhaven'tsaidaword…)此对话中,Brenda为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意;sooner(=atanearliertime)作为附加状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。8/13/2021\nMymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI_____halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missedD句意:(当时)我并没有注意他说的话,所以(现在)我觉得他讲的话一半我没有听到。题干句中透圳出时间信息的三个地方:wasn't,wassaying和I'mafraid是做出选择的重要依据。8/13/2021\n8/13/2021GrammarandusageoftensesSimplefuturetenses\nTheSimpleFutureTense一般将来时态1.will/shall+动词原形2.begoingto+动词原形3.be+todo表示计划,责任,约定或命令4.beabouttodosth表示正要做…,马上要做...(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来8/13/2021\n1.will与shall+v1)表示一个将来的动作或状态,“要…,会…”常用的时间状语有:thisevening,tomorrow,nextweek,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm等。Shewillgototheparktomorrow.2)表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。Tomwillbe18nextyear.Springwillcomeagain.TomorrowwillbeSunday.3)will+v有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。---Mycarwon’tstart.---Don’tworry,Iwillcomeandgiveitapush.8/13/2021\n祈使句+and/or+将来时(will)努力工作否则你就会失败。Workhardoryouwillfail.努力工作你就会成功。Workhardandyouwillsucceed.8/13/2021\nLet'skeeptothepointorwe______anydecisions.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreachedA句意:请不要偏离话题,不然的话,我们就不会取胜得决定。祈使句与and或or连用是常见的说法,又如:Turnleftandyouwillfindthebookstore.向左转,你就会找到那个书店里。Listentomeoryouwillneversucceed.听我的话,否则,你不会成功的。8/13/2021\n8/13/20212、begoingto①表示计划,安排要做的事②表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。---What________________dothisevening?---Iamgoingtodomylessons.看那些乌云要下雨了.Lootatthedarkclouds.It__________rain.isgoingtoareyougoingto\n3.betodo①表按计划或安排即将发生的动作②表示约定,责任,命令,或注定要发生的动作。③官方计划或决定(常见于报纸或广播)HeandIaretomeetattherailwaystationtomorrow.Youarenottobebacklate.Ifnotwatered,theplantsaretodie.ThepresidentistospeakonTVtonight.8/13/2021计划,安排责任,命令注定要发生的动作官方计划或决定\nbeto和begoingto①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。②betodo安排将要干什么,有很强的计划性,有时=begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.8/13/2021\n4.beabouttodo表示正要做…,马上要做...(不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用)was/wereabouttodo…when…正要…突然发生…英语晚会即将开始。TheEnglishEveningPartyisabouttobegin.我正要出去,这时下起了雨.Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.8/13/2021\n5.be+v-inggo,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,takeoff等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。我们明天动身去青岛.We’releavingforQingdao.8/13/2021\n特别注意一般现在时表示将来,特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。Theplaneleavestomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow,但没有will,begoingto)8/13/2021\n8/13/2021注:在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表示将来时:when,assoonas,before,once,if,unless,evenif,incaseIfyoucomethismorning,wewillhaveameeting.WhenIgraduate,Iwillgotothecountryside\nIdon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comesB.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.willcome,willcome8/13/2021C\nTheflowers____wellifthey____.A.won’tgrow;don’ttakegoodcareofB.don’tgrow;aretakengoodcareofC.won’tgrow;arenottakencareofD.don’tgrow;don’ttakecareof8/13/2021C\n用正确的时态结构填空:(1)Ifit’sfine,we_______________(go)fishing.(2)Don’tbeworried.I___________(help)you.(3)Heissoseriouslyillandhe_______________(die).(4)I__________________(join)myclassmatesgoingcampingthisSaturday.(5)We_____________(go)tobedandgetupearly.(6)Hurryup!Thetrain________________(leave).(7)I_____________(leave)forShanghaitomorrow.(8)Thetrain_______(arrive)atabout9:00everyday.8/13/2021willgowillhelpisgoingtodieamgoingtojoinaretogoisleavingamleavingarrives