高中情态动词课件大全 67页

情态动词(一）modalverbsGrammar1策划：《学生双语报》\n情态动词表示推测不表示推测cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughttohavetodare(daren’t)need(needn’t)usedto2策划：《学生双语报》\n情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语．只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto，must可情态可实义的need,dare/dared可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto3策划：《学生双语报》\nmust,can/could,may/might的用法must1.must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer.你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.4策划：《学生双语报》\nmust,can/could,may/might的用法注意：must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情.5策划：《学生双语报》\n2.must+bedoing/do表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测e.g.他现在一定在看小说.Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.6策划：《学生双语报》\n3.must+havedone表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。Theyareplayingbasketball,theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.7策划：《学生双语报》\n对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。e.g.Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecan’ttellalie.*must-should/oughtto–may-might/could+do可能性依次减弱8策划：《学生双语报》\n(对过去情况推测：mustmay,might)+完成时。e.g.Youmusthavemethimbefore.must—may—might可能性依次减弱must只能用于肯定句，译成“一定”。否定和疑问分别用can’t/couldn’t和can/could。e.g.Could/Canithavehappenedlastnight?Itcouldn’t/can’thavehappenedlastnight.9策划：《学生双语报》\nHemustbereading,isn’the?Youmustdoityourself,don’tyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成10策划：《学生双语报》\ncan,could和beableto的用法e.g.Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人11策划：《学生双语报》\ncan,could和beableto的用法e.g.We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.I could read when I was four.12策划：《学生双语报》\nAlthoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。e.g.Hewas able toescapefrom Europe beforethe war broke out.Hewas able toswim before he got tired.表示过去的能力13策划：《学生双语报》\ncan/could1.can/could表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。e.g.It’ssolate.CanTombereading?CanitbeMr.Green?这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。Itcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.她不可能在说谎。Shecouldn’tbetellinglies.14策划：《学生双语报》\n在疑问句中could比can更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。e.g.Canyouwaitamomentplease?Liz,canyoudomeafavor?Excuseme,couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.(请求)15策划：《学生双语报》\n2.can/couldhavedone对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。Isawhimjustnowsohecouldn’thavegoneabroad.门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldn’thavebeenathome.16策划：《学生双语报》\n3.can/couldhavedone“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断.e.g.你本来可以考的更好。Youcouldhavehadabettermark.17策划：《学生双语报》\nmay/might1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。Theymaycomeheretomorrow.他们可能还在等我们呢。Theymaybestillwaitingforus.18策划：《学生双语报》\n2.might可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。e.g.他也许在做功课吧。Hemightbedoinghishomeworknow.我问他我是否可以离开。IaskedhimifImightleave.Iaskedhim“MayIleavenow?”19策划：《学生双语报》\n3.might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。e.g.他可能去医务室了。Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.20策划：《学生双语报》\n4）may表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。MayIopenthedoor?Wemaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.5）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveanicetrip!21策划：《学生双语报》\n表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测must对将来对现在对过去情态动词may,mightcan’t,couldn’tcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing22策划：《学生双语报》\nWill/Wouldyoudo…?(表请求would更委婉)表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”usedto表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”usedto可于状态动词连用would不可以e.g.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.()√×will/would23策划：《学生双语报》\nshall/should1.shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。e.g.1)Youshallgowithme.(命令)2)YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)3)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。e.g.4)Shallwebeginourclass?（征求意见）5)WhenshallMikebeabletoleavehospital?(请示)24策划：《学生双语报》\n3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。6)“Theinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall25策划：《学生双语报》\n用于表达合理推断。e.g.Itisthreeo’clock,thefootballgameshouldbeginnow.Marytookdancinglessonsforyears,sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.2.should的用法26策划：《学生双语报》\n2.should的用法注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.27策划：《学生双语报》\ne.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。28策划：《学生双语报》\ne.g.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但”oughtto的语气更强烈.29策划：《学生双语报》\nmust和have to1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”e.g.—MustI finish all assignments at a time?—Yes,youmust.No, youneedn't.Youmustn’tget off while the car is still moving.30策划：《学生双语报》\ne.g.Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和have to稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。31策划：《学生双语报》\nneed/darea.need表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句,needn’thavedone“本不必做…”b.dare表敢,常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。c.dare与need用做实意动词时有时态，人称和数的变化,但dare用于否定句和疑问句时常接不带to的不定式,need后要接带to的不定式。32策划：《学生双语报》\n1.Idon'tknowwheresheis,she_______beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher________________ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It________________lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother______________________foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。maymustbemarkingmusthaverainedmusthavebeenlooking33策划：《学生双语报》\n5.Philip________________________seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.---She_____________________(go)bybus.7.Mike________________hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecan’thavefound34策划：《学生双语报》\nPractice2:表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1.YoumustbeMrSmith----Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecan’thavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.There’ssomeoneoutside----whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.35策划：《学生双语报》\n1.--IsJohncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海高考题）A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.(2002北京高考题）--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe36策划：《学生双语报》\n情态动词（二）modalverbGrammar(33ms)37策划：《学生双语报》\nshould&oughttoshould可指“竟然”讲e.g.Yououghttohelphimbecauseheisintroublenow.(语气强，有命令意味。)Youshouldhavearestafterfinishingyoursports.（一般性建议）Yououghttocallthepolicewhenyoufindsomethingwronginyourhouse.Heshouldtakecareofthebabiestonight.38策划：《学生双语报》\noughtto的否定式：Heoughtn’ttodoit.oughtto的疑问句：Oughtwetodoitatonce?反意疑问句里：Heoughttobehere,oughtn’the?oughtto表应该，oughtto语气＞shouldshouldn’the?I’msurprisedthatheshouldeatsolittleevery.39策划：《学生双语报》\nhavetohaveto表示客观需要去做的事情，意为“必须，不得不。”e.g.Ihavetogetthestationearlytocatchthefirsttrain.Wemissedthebussowehadtowalkhome.Wehavetoovercomeallkindsofdifficulties.40策划：《学生双语报》\nhaveto有多种时态。常见的有:一般将来时Wewillhavetogatherattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.一般现在时Ihavetotakemoremoneywithmebecausemywifehassomuchtobuy.一般过去时Finally,wehadtogiveupourideatoholdapicnicoutsideasitrainedforawholeafternoon.haveto（考点）41策划：《学生双语报》\nNeedIdo…?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.dare&need情态动词实义动词dare否，疑，条darenotdo否,疑don’tdaretododon’tdaredo不用于肯定句肯：daretodoneed否，疑needn’tdo(don’t)needsth(don’t)needtodo肯：must,haveto,oughtto,should42策划：《学生双语报》\nMusttheydo…?Yes,theymust.No,theyneedn’t/don’thaveto.must&havetomusthaveto主观／客观主观客观时态现在，将来多种表推测√×询问意愿√×否定意禁止，不允许不必43策划：《学生双语报》\nmust表主观意志，而haveto表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用hadto代替。e.g.Itoldherthatshemustgiveupsmoking.Shesaid,“Wehadtogeteverythingreadythatnight.”比较must&haveto44策划：《学生双语报》\n注意对need问句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thaveto45策划：《学生双语报》\nneedn’t对其它情态动词的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)46策划：《学生双语报》\nCouldIborrowyourdictionary?(委婉)----Yes，youcan/may.Sure.Goahead.Pleaseyourself.MayItakethisseat?(第一人称疑问句)Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.47策划：《学生双语报》\nPractice1:高考考题专练1.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeenBDB48策划：《学生双语报》\n4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.----It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.couldDC49策划：《学生双语报》\n情态动词考题:1.---Didthetrainarriveintime?----No.It_______twohoursago.A.musthavearrivedB.oughttohavearrivedC.mustarriveD.oughttoarrive2."MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?""No,."A.youshouldn'tB.youmightnotC.youneedn'tD.youmustn'tBC50策划：《学生双语报》\n3.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustn'thaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.needn'thaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattendedB51策划：《学生双语报》\n4.You________suchalongcomposition.Theteacheronlyaskedfor300words.Youhavewritten600.A.mustn’thavewrittenB.couldn’thavewrittenC.needn’thavewrittenD.donothavetowriteC52策划：《学生双语报》\n5.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.can B.must C.should D.oughtto6.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnot  B.maynotC.shouldnot  D.don'thavetoAD53策划：《学生双语报》\n1.Judgingfromhisaccident,hemustbefromthesouth,2.Tomboughtalotofapples.Hemustlikeeatingapples,3.Itiseleveno’clockatnightandthelightsareoff.Theymustbesleepingnow,isn’t,he?didn’the?aren’tthey?因must后是实意动词like因must后是系动词bemust后接的是besleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测54策划：《学生双语报》\n1.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm,hadn’twe?3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing,didn’tit?hasn’the?若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy，55策划：《学生双语报》\nmust+havedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy.昨晚一定是下雨了，因为地上很泥泞。2.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词。3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing.他一定已经去北京了。56策划：《学生双语报》\ncan/could+havedone表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。1.Cantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch?他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？2.Itcouldn’thavebeenMr.Green.HehasgonetoNewYork.那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。57策划：《学生双语报》\nmay/might+havedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经…”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。might比may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。1.It’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。2.Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.他可能没有完成工作。58策划：《学生双语报》\n巩固练习1.---What____itbe?---It____beamailbox,foritismoving.It___beacar.A.can;can’t;mustB.can;can;mustC.can;mustn’t;mustD.must;mustn’tcan2.---Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?---No.it____behim---I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.wontD,maynot3.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need4.---areyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?---I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.mightAABD59策划：《学生双语报》\n5.---Youmaylaugh,butI’vebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian.---Oh,you____beoutofyourmind.Youwillbehungryallthetime.A.willB.mayC.mustD.should6.---Iwonderwhytheyarelate?---They_____thetrain.can’thavemissedB.couldmissC.musthavemissedD.mightmiss7.---Showmeyourpermit,please!---Oh,it’snotinmypocket.It______.A.mightfalloutB.couldfalloutC.shouldhavefallenoutD.musthavefallenoutCCD60策划：《学生双语报》\n7.---HasMikestarted?Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.---He____.Heisamanofkeepinghisword.A.couldhaveleftB.musthaveleftC.can’tcomeD.won’tbecoming8.Everythinghastwosides.Beautifulsongs,sometimes,___bejustnoisetoothers.mustB.mayC.shouldD.could9.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It___acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.mustn’thavebeenC.shouldbeD.couldn’thavebeen10.Chinesemusthavethelargestnumberofspeakers,____.A.mustn’ttheyB.haven’ttheyC.don’ttheyD.didn’ttheyBBDC61策划：《学生双语报》\ncould(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。1.Icouldhavepassedmyexameasily,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。2.Youcouldhavereportedtomeearlier.你本该早点告诉我的。62策划：《学生双语报》\nshould/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.Yououghtnottohavetakenthemagazineoutofthereadingroom.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。63策划：《学生双语报》\nmight（不用may）+havedone表示“本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.Youmightnothavetoldher.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）64策划：《学生双语报》\nneedn’t+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.Sheneedn’thavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）2.Youneedn’thaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。（你买了）65策划：《学生双语报》\n巩固练习1.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.shouldn’thaveeatenC.mustn’teatD.mustn’thaveeaten2.---Whyhasn’tJanearrivedyet?---She____againinthemorning?A.shouldn’thaveoversleptB.mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC.musthavenoonetocallherD.shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup3.---Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday?----No.We___,butwedecidednotto.A.shouldhavegoneB.couldgoC.shouldgoD.couldhavegoneBBA66策划：《学生双语报》\n4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we____soformally.needn’tdressB.didn’thavetodressupC.MightnothavedressedupD.needn’thavedressedup5.I’mrathersurprisedyouhaven’treportedhimtoyourteacher.Inmyopinion,you___thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating.musthavedoneB.mighthavedoneC.shouldhavedoneD.couldhavedoneDC67策划：《学生双语报》