高中英语it的用法课件 43页

It的用法\nit可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象基本用法:\n1.S+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth.Thechairmanthought___necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国)A.thatB.itC.thisD.himSentencepatterns:B…find…possiblefeel…important…/clause形式宾语\n2.S+V+it+one’sduty+(forsb.)todosth./clause3.S+V+it+nogood+doingsth.nouse形式宾语Ithinkithisdutytocleantheblackboard.Sentencepatterns:…aruleanhonour…\n……findpossibleS+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth./clausefeelimportant……Sentencepatterns:形式宾语…arule2.S+V+it+one’sduty+(forsb.)todosth./clauseanhonour…3.S+V+it+nogood+doingsth.nouse\nIlike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全国)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如seeto,dependon等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.Ilike(enjoy,hate…)itwhen….Iwouldappreciateitif……seeto(dependon…)itthat…Sentencepatterns:C形式宾语\n1.Itisnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.Havingtheanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“Itisourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”3.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.形式主语高考真题\n…possibleItis/was+adj.necessary+(forsb.)todosth./clauseimportant……one’sdutyIt+is/was+n.one’shope+clause/(forsb.)todosth.anhonour……saidItis/wasp.p.known+that-clausebelieved…形式主语\n㈡.it的重要句型1.Itis+被强调部分+that...Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.\n2.Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.\n3.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain....)that.....该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂　是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.\n4.Itisimportant(necessary，strange，natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.5.Itissaid(reported，learned....)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.\n6.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.\n7.Itisapity(ashame...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！8.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省，常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.\n9.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.10.Itis+一段时间+since...。since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.\n11.Itis...when...。该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.12.Itbe...before...该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long，notlong，3days，2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.13.Ithappens(seems，appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．\n14.Ittakessb....todosth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.15.Itisnogood(use)doingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是nogood，(notanygood)，nouse，(notanyuse)。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.16.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为　＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.\n17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.\n18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：①important，necessary，natural②easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant等。=在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.\n19.Itlooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义，asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）Itseemedasifheweredying.20.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.\n在一些固定用法中考查常见的固定用法有:makeit成功，安排在或定在某时间forgetit别提了，忘了它吧Don’tmentionit别提了，表示不用谢Itdoesn’tmatter没关系It(That)depends视情况而定Youguessedit你猜着了It’shardtosay很难说It’suptoyoutodosth.由你来决定做某事\nPractice\nItistheabilitytodothejob__mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.itItis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他成分强调句型高考真题\nItwas___backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgoInwhichplayis___yourbrotherappears?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhereItwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorZhang___theydidtheexperiment.A.where;thatB.which;whereC.that;whereD.which;that强调句型被强调的部分是notuntil引导的时间状语?强调句型用于疑问句,被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词?Inwhichplayisitthat…?Itis…that…Isit…that…?Idon’tknowinwhichplayitisthat…强调句型和各种从句高考热点?\nExerciseBar\nTheParkersboughtanewhousebut___willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which2.We’vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them3.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan___inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those易误辨析:it/one/thatBACthehousethattheParkersboughtahousetheair\n1.It’syears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.2.Itwillbeyears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintthisbeautifulpicture.3.Itwasyears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.4.It’sforyears___(since,before,after,that)Ihavepaintedthisbeautifulpicture.易误辨析:表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从......以来已多久了”Itis+时间段+since(过去时)...表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才/就做了…”It+was+时间段+before(过去时)…表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会/就会做…”It+willbe+时间段+before(一般现在时)…______________________\nTranslatethefollowing:过了很久他才回来.2.我们很久后才会见面的.3.我离开这所学校已经很久了.Itwaslongbeforehecameback.Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.ItislongsinceIleftthisschool.Itis+时间段+since(过去时)...It+willbe+时间段+before(一般现在时)…It+was+时间段+before(过去时)…易误辨析:\n走进高考\n1.(2005,全国Ⅲ)ThedoctoradvisedVesastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__didn’thelp.A.itB.sheC.whichD.he正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。2.(2004,全国Ⅲ)-Doyoulike__here?-Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingisnice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.It正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。3.(2000,上海)Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。\n4.(2007,全国Ⅰ)–Haveyouheardthelatestnews?–No,what__?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latestnews。5.(2006,全国Ⅰ)IfIcanhelp__,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them正确答案：C。help是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。6.(2002,北京)-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-__wasin1998whenhewasinMiddleSchool.A.that,ItB.this,ThisC.this,ItD.that,This正确答案：A。it指时间。7.(2005，浙江)We’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound__welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them正确答案：A。表示任意一幢房子。\n8.（2005，江苏）I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan__inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代theair，且有inthecity后置定语修饰。9.(2004,北京)TheForeignMinistersaid,“__ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.A、ThisisB、ThereisC、ThatisD、Itis正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。10.(2005,上海)____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires正确答案：C。it为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。\n11.(2004,上海春)Itwasfoolishofhimto__hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.A.sticktoB.refertoC.keeptoD.pointto正确答案：B。短语辨析题，referto有“参考”的意思，符合句意。12.(2006,全国Ⅱ)Itisno__arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.way分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。13.(2007,天津)Hedidn’tmake__clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。14.(2006,湖南)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade__herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。\n15.(2005,江苏)–Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe__toMiamibuttoNewYork?–Iagree,buttheproblemis__hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what正确答案：B。表示“理应如此”需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。在做it形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。16、(2004,全国Ⅰ)Ilike__intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A、thisB、thatC、itD、one正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和like的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。\n17、(2003,上海)Iwouldappreciateit__youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A、untilB、ifC、whenD、that正确答案：B。18.(1998，上海)Don’t__thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobemostsuccessful.A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted正确答案：D。takeitforgrantedthat…意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely)onit（相信某事）和seetoit（负责某事）的用法。19.(2008,全国Ⅱ)ItwasinNewZealand__ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when正确答案：A。将itwas去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调句型。\n20.(2004,福建)Itwaswithgreatjoy__hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that正确答案：D。21.(1997,全国)Wasit__thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.youB.notyouC.yourselfD.thatyourself正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that…将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉Itis/was…that结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。22.Is__student__wascaughtsmokingintheclassroom?A.itthat,thatB.thatit,itC.itit,thatD.itwhich,that正确答案：A。\n23.(2004,上海)Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.__youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：wh-+is/wasitthat+其它成分，故选B。24.(2005,山东)-__thathemanagedtogettheinformation?-Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit正确答案：C。\n25.(2007,浙江)It__wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks__Ifoundwehadalotincommon.A.was;whenB.wasthat;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that正确答案：D。易判断这是考查notuntil的强调形式。26.(2008，重庆)Itwasnotuntilmidnight__theyreachedthecampsite.A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as正确答案：A。27.(2007,山东)–Wheredidyougettoknowher?–Itwasonthefarm_weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where正确答案：D。答句完整形式应为：ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.\n28.-Whomadesuchastupidmistake?-__Tom.A.ItwasB.HewasC.ThatwasD.Therewas正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：ItwasTomwhomadesuchastupidmistake.29.Itwastheuniversity__hewasteaching__senthimtoAmerica.A.which;thatB.where;thatC.that;whichD.that;had正确答案：B。本题是考查：itwas+university+引导的定语从句+that…。30.(2007,陕西)Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright__isofimportance.A.whichB.itC.thatD.this正确答案：C。本题是考查强调句型和名词性从句连用。\n31.(2006,辽宁)Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired__herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as正确答案：A。本题是考查强调句型和状语从句连用。32.ItmighthavebeenTom__boughtJohnanewpenyesterday.A.whatB.sinceC.thatD.then正确答案：C。去掉Itmighthavebeen…that句子仍然是完整的，所以选C。33、(2008,北京)I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime__Briangetsback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after正确答案：A。Itbe+时间+before…表示过了一段时间才……34.(2006,福建)–Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe__Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?-Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before正确答案：D\n35、(2005,安徽)Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears__Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since正确答案：D。36、(2006,四川)–It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.-ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,__wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when正确答案：B。易判断本题是考查同位语从句。37.(2006,重庆)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto__thepapers?markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking正确答案：D。gotdownto是“开始从事”的意思，to不是不定式符号，而是介词后跟名词或者-ing形式。\n38.(2005,安徽)-Shallwegototheartexhibitionrightaway?-__.A.It’syouropinionB.Idon’tmindC.It’alluptoyouD.That’syourdecision39、(2006,湖北)–Youknowwhocameyesterday?-YaoMing?Wehadseenbasketballmatch.-__Hecameandwatchedthegame.A.Youguessedit!B.Howdidyouknowthat?C.Welldone!D.Thatwasgoodnews!正确答案：A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。40.(2008,天津)–HowmuchdoIownyouforlunch?-__.It’snothing.A.You’rewelcomeB.ForgetitC.WithpleasureD.That’sallright正确答案：B。\nThankyou