高中英语语法省略课件 33页

为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。省略\n一，并列句中的省略，在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.\n2.若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.\n3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.\n5.省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.\n※二、状语从句的省略※1.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be,而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。（1）As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.（2）Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.\n※2.在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).\n3.虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?4.有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).\n※三、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略；在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。Thegirl(who\whom\that)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).\n2.定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.\n3.在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。Ithink(that)itwillclearup(转晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.\n4.由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).\n※5.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可省略。Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethefilm.\n四、复合句中特殊的省略现象。1.主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.\n※2.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。1)--Shemaynotbefreetoday.--Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.2)--Ishefeelingbettertoday?--I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).\n五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,try,advice,persuade,agree,want,remember,manage等。Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto.--Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeanto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.\n2.不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit等。Shewantstocomebutherparentswon'tallowto.3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。Ithinksheshouldgetajob,butyoucan'tforcehertoifshe'snotreadyto--I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?--Notatall.I'dbehappyto.\n4.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。Hedoesn'tlikefishbutheusedto.※注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后面保留原形have或be.Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.\n六、动词不定式符号to的省略。1.主语部分有todo,系动词是is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.※2.作介词but,except,besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to.Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerbettersthismorning.\n3.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.（平行结构）※4.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,havemake,let,leave,observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；Why(not)do结构中不定式不带to.Didyounoticeherentertheroom?whynotjoinus?\n※七、介词的省略※（考点）1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.\n2.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thisway.\n八、会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。--Doyoulikethisshirt?--Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.(Come)Thisway,please.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losingherbicycle(madehersoupset).\n省略句练习题\n1.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenB\n2.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinC\n3.---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingitB\n4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoA\n5.Whatwouldhavehappened________,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC\n6.---Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?---________.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.IbelievenotD\n7.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and________.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhiteC\n8.---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes,just________.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewC\nThanksforyourlistening!