高中情态动词ppt课件大全 36页

情态动词(一）modalverbsGrammar\n情态动词表示推测不表示推测cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughttohavetodare(daren’t)need(needn’t)usedto\n情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语．只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto，must可情态可实义的need,dare/dared可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto\nmust,can/could,may/might的用法must1.must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。e.g.这个电脑肯定出了问题。Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer.你努力学了一整天，一定累了吧Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.\n2.must+bedoing/do表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测e.g.他现在一定在看小说.Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.\n3.must+havedone表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g.他们在玩篮球，他们一定完成了作业。Theyareplayingbasketball,theymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.\n对现在或将来情况推测：must+动词原形。must只能用于肯定。否定和疑问分别用can’t和can。e.g.Hemusttellalie.Canhetellalie?Hecan’ttellalie.*must-should/oughtto–may-might/could+do可能性依次减弱\nHemustbereading,isn’the?Youmustdoityourself,don’tyou?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成\ncan/could1.can/could表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。e.g.It’ssolate.CanTombereading?CanitbeMr.Green?这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。Itcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.她不可能在说谎。Shecouldn’tbetellinglies.\n2.can/couldhavedone对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。Isawhimjustnowsohecouldn’thavegoneabroad.门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldn’thavebeenathome.\n3.can/couldhavedone“本可以，本来可能已经”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断.e.g.你本来可以考的更好。Youcouldhavehadabettermark.\nmay/might1.may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。e.g.她们明天可能会到这里来。Theymaycomeheretomorrow.他们可能还在等我们呢。Theymaybestillwaitingforus.\n3.might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。e.g.他可能去医务室了。Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.\n用于表达合理推断。e.g.Itisthreeo’clock,thefootballgameshouldbeginnow.Marytookdancinglessonsforyears,sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.2.should的用法14\n表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测must对将来对现在对过去情态动词may,mightcan’t,couldn’tcan,could+V.+V.+havedone常见mustbe+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing可以用not表示“可能不”+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing+V.+V.+havedone+bedoing\n1.Judgingfromhisaccident,hemustbefromthesouth,2.Tomboughtalotofapples.Hemustlikeeatingapples,3.Itiseleveno’clockatnightandthelightsareoff.Theymustbesleepingnow,isn’t,he?didn’the?aren’tthey?因must后是实意动词like因must后是系动词bemust后接的是besleeping，是对正在进行的情况推测16\n1.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm,hadn’twe?3.HemusthavegonetoBeijing,didn’tit?hasn’the?若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadwasverymuddy，17\n1.Idon'tknowwheresheis,she_______beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher________________ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It________________lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother______________________foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。maymustbemarkingmusthaverainedmusthavebeenlooking\n5.Philip________________________seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.---She_____________________(go)bybus.7.Mike________________hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecan’thavefound\nPractice2:表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1.YoumustbeMrSmith----Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.4.Hecan’thavesleptthroughallthatnoise.5.There’ssomeoneoutside----whocanitbe?6.Whatcantheybedoing?7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.\n1.--IsJohncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海高考题）A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.(2002北京高考题）--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe\n情态动词（二）modalverbGrammar(33ms)\ncould(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。1.Icouldhavepassedmyexameasily,butImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。2.Youcouldhavereportedtomeearlier.你本该早点告诉我的。23\nshould/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。2.Yououghtnottohavetakenthemagazineoutofthereadingroom.他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。24\nmight（不用may）+havedone表示“本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1.Youmightnothavetoldher.你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）2.Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）25\nneedn’t+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。1.Sheneedn’thavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）2.Youneedn’thaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。（你买了）26\n巩固练习1.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’teatB.shouldn’thaveeatenC.mustn’teatD.mustn’thaveeaten2.---Whyhasn’tJanearrivedyet?---She____againinthemorning?A.shouldn’thaveoversleptB.mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclockC.musthavenoonetocallherD.shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup3.---Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday?----No.We___,butwedecidednotto.A.shouldhavegoneB.couldgoC.shouldgoD.couldhavegoneBBA27\n4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we____soformally.needn’tdressB.didn’thavetodressupC.MightnothavedressedupD.needn’thavedressedup5.I’mrathersurprisedyouhaven’treportedhimtoyourteacher.Inmyopinion,you___thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating.musthavedoneB.mighthavedoneC.shouldhavedoneD.couldhavedoneDC28\n2.should的用法注意：should可表示“居然，竟然”。e.g.我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.29\ne.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替oughtto。30\ne.g.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,用于否定则表示“本不该…但”oughtto的语气更强烈.31\ncan,could和beableto的用法e.g.Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.1.can,beableto都可表示“能力”Can的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人32\ncan,could和beableto的用法e.g.We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。could用于表示泛指过去的能力。e.g.I could read when I was four.33\nAlthoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。e.g.Hewas able toescapefrom Europe beforethe war broke out.Hewas able toswim before he got tired.表示过去的能力34\n4）may表示许可，表示允许别人做某事，也可征求对方的许可。MayIopenthedoor?Wemaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.5）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveanicetrip!35\nNeedIdo…?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.dare&need情态动词实义动词dare否，疑，条darenotdo否,疑don’tdaretododon’tdaredo不用于肯定句肯：daretodoneed否，疑needn’tdo(don’t)needsth(don’t)needtodo肯：must,haveto,oughtto,should