高中英语情态动词课件 61页

GrammarSuqianSarbrina\n情态动词用法\nWhat’sthedefinitionofmodalverbs?情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。\n一.情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。\n(1).Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许）二．情态动词的语法功能\n(2).Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见）\n情态动词1.cancouldbeableto4.shall2.maymight三．常见情态动词的基本用法5.musthaveto3.willwould7.needdare6.oughttoshould8.情态动词+havedone\n情态动词1.cancouldbeableto3.shall2.maymightTheusageofsomecommonmodalverbs4.musthaveto5.情态动词+havedone\n1.can1)表能力can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。Icanclimbthispole.Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.Firecan’tdestroygold.①can和could：\n2)表推测、可能性(用于否定与疑问结构中)Canthenewsbetrue?Itcan’tbetrue.Whatcanhepossiblymean?他可能是什么意思?\n3)表示请求或允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。Can(May)Icomein?我能进来吗?CanIsmokehere?我可以在这里抽烟吗?\n2)could的主要用法是：A.could是can的过去式,表示与过去有关的能力和推测:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’tbeadoctor.B.could可以代替can表示请求、允许。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法\nCouldyoulendmeyourdictionary?CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,youcan.I’mafraidIcouldn’tgiveyouananswertoday.\nAttention:can/beableto区别:can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。Ican’tswim,butIamsureIwillbeabletoswimthroughmorepracticing.\n表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He _________ flee Europe before the war broke out.Note：wasableto\nAbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.can\nIcan’tthankyoutoomuch.\ncannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.\nShecouldn’tbutagreetomyidea.Ican’tthankyouenough.Thefilmcouldn’tbeanyworse.Can或could的否定形式构成习惯短语Can’t...too...Can’t....enough...无论怎样……也不过分……Can’t(help)butdo不得不做，只好做Can’thelpdoing情不自禁Can’thelpit没有办法Can’t...+比较级再……不过了（表示最高级）\nMayIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,__________________./No,_______________________.MightIuseyourtelephone?MayIgohomenow?Itmaybetrue.Shemaycometomorrow.Hemighthavesomefever.Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone!youmayYoumustn’t允许,许可禁止,阻止Might比May的语气更委婉表示可能性的推测,译为“大概,可能”用might时显得更加不肯定用于祈使句表示祝愿②.May和Might\nAcomputer_______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnotAmay______________can____________表主观“可能”表客观“可能”cannot___________maynot__________不可能可能不may和can\n—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why？—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would\n③will和would：will当作情态动词时有以下用法:Ifyougivehimtime,Tomwilltalkandtalkforhours.EverySaturdayeveningtheywillplaychesstogether表经常性，习惯性“老是、总是、终归是”\nThedoorwon’topen.I’lldomybesttohelpyou.Willyoupleasegivemeamessagewhenyouseehim?---Writetomewhenyougethome.---Iwill.表示功能，译作“能”或“行”意愿2人称，询问对方意愿或向对方提出请求回答祈使句\nWould当作情态动词时有以下用法：Wouldyouhelpus,please?WhenIhadsometrouble,hewouldencourageme.Wealltriedtostophimsmokinginbedbuthewouldn’tlisten.过去的习惯意愿“要；愿”用于2人称，表示有礼貌的请求或邀请\nWould与Usedtodo区别———“过去常常”Would------过去习惯的动作（现在有可能还有此习惯）Usedtodo--------过去习惯的动作及状态（现在已经没有此习惯）\nTheoldman_______haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.would可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。\n④shall和should：1.shall用于征求对方的意见，表“决心”Shallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？（用于征求对方的意见）Ishallgoatonce.我必须立即去。（表“决心”）\n1)用于第一、三人称征求对方的意见，Whatshallhewearonthejourney?Shallwedance?2)shall用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁。“必须，应该可以”Ifhepassestheexamination,heshallhaveaholiday.Youshallhaveitbacktomorrow.\n3）用于第二、三人称用于法律法规条例等文件中的要求。“应该、必须”It’srequiredinourregulationthatstudentsshallgotoschoolontime.Personsunder18shan’tbeemployedinnightwork.\n2.should表示义务、建议、劝告等，意为“应该”。(oughtto)Studentsshouldrespectteachers.Theboysshouldn’tbeplayingfootball;theyshouldbeatschool.It’s4:30,TheyshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.劝告、建议义务、责任常规、常理的推测（正常情况下）按理应该\nHeoughttosucceed,asheissodiligent.Itisstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.Idon’tunderstandwhysheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwillbepostponed.居然，竟然与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等“究竟是，到底”用于条件句中“万一”\n---What’sthename?---Khulaifi._______Ispellthatforyou?ShallB.WouldC.CanD.MightDrill(小练)\n（10江苏）—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。答案：BYoushallbepunishedforwhatyou'vedone.你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。\n⑤must和have to1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”—MustI finish all thework at a time?—Yes,youmust.No, youneedn't.\nIdon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和have to稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。\nYoumustbe the new teacher.Hemustbe joking.There is nobody here. Theymust have allgonehome.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone\n—Howoldareyou,madam?—Ifyoumustknow,I'mtwicemyson'sage.4.must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情\nneed与dare实义动词情态动词\n⑥.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词.needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,noone,nobody连用;3.常以needn’t和daren’t的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;needtododaretodoneedtobedoneneeddoing\n实义动词vs情态动词肯定句实情e.g.Sheneedstostayathometoday.e.g.Hedarestojumpfromthehighwall.e.g.Sheneedstayathometoday.e.g.Hedarejumpfromthehighwall.\n疑问句e.g.Doessheneedtostayathometoday?e.g.Doeshedaretojumpfromthehighwall?e.g.Needshestayathometoday?e.g.Darehejumpfromthehighwall?实情\n否定句Dare作为实意动词的时候，否定句中的to可以省略e.g.Hedoesn’tdare(to)jumpfromthehighwall.实e.g.Shedoesn’tneedtostayathometoday.e.g.Hedoesn’tdaretojumpfromthehighwall\n情e.g.Sheneedn’tstayathometoday.e.g.Hedarenotjumpfromthehighwall.\n表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。mustn’t不准,禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)Attention:\nmusthavedone过去一定做过某事can’thavedone过去不可能做过某事should(oughtto)havedone过去本该做某事却没做shouldn’t(oughtnotto)havedone过去本不该做某事却做了⑦.情态动词+havedone表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。\nneedn’thavedone过去没有必要做某事而实际上却做了couldhavedone过去本可以做某事却没做mighthavedone过去可能已经做了某事5.情态动词+havedone表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。\n1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthestreetsarewet.2.Helooksveryhappy.Hemightnothaveknowntheresult.3.Hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.4.Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Canshehavebeenill?5.Theylefthereearlyandshouldhavearrivedbynow.情态动词表推测对过去情况的推测\n6.Youmighthavewrittentheletterwithoutmyremindingyouofit.7.Thedoctorcouldhaveavoidedtheaccident8.Youshouldhavefinishedthetaskyesterday.9.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,youshouldn’thavelefthomewithoutaword.10.Heoughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.过去本可能（不用may)过去本能够…却没有过去本应该…却没有过去本不该…过去本不该…\n1.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I___thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.needn’thavetakenD.mustn’thavetaken2.---I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.---You__________herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldCDPractice\n3.She_______haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t4.---Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.---You______havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would5.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You______withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedAAA\n表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句Hemust/maybeintheroom,isn’the?Hecan’tbeintheroom,ishe?Hemusthavefinishedthework,hasn’the?Hemayhavedonetheworklastnight,didn’the?Hemusthavebeencaughtintheheavyrainlastnight,____________wasn’the.\n（10四川）1.—_____Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词can,may,could,might,表允许用can,may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。答案：B\n(10陕西）2.----MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?----No,you.Youreaditinhere.A.mightn’tB.won’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t解析：考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustn’t，表示禁止.故本题选D。答案：D\n（10湖南）3.You_____buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn'tC.havetoD.don'thaveto考点：情态动词解析：don’thaveto意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”答案：D\n（10浙江）4.“You____haveawrongnumber,”shesaid.“There’snooneofthatnamehere.”A.needB.canC.mustD.would考点：情态动词解析：肯定猜测，用must答案：C\n（10全国Ⅱ）5.I’mafraidMr.Harding_________seeyounow.He’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用can’t。答案：A\n6.Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforyourkindness,becausewithoutyourhelpI______havewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest．A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.mightnotD.couldn’t考查情态动词的虚拟语气的用法。意为，我再感谢你也不为过，没有你的帮助，我不可能在演讲比赛中获得第一名。根据句意可知，演讲比赛已经结束。Can'thavedone不可能做了某事。Shouldn'thavedone本不应当做某事mightnothavedone可能没有干某事，均不符合题意。D\n7–Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?--Well,it________bebig—that’snotimportant.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.won’t改错Mr.Limustn’thavegonetoShanghaibecauseIsawhimafewminutesago.Bcan’tmust表推测只用于肯定句,否定句中表推测用can’t;mustn’t指“禁止、不准”\n8.---Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.---You____itinthewrongplace.A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput9.---IsJohncomingbytrain?---Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.mayDD表对过去可能性的推测。\n10.A__________candle_________thefacesofeverybodyintheroom.Theyalllookedtired.A.lit,litupB.litup,litC.lighted,litupD.lighted,lit11.Thereisapartytonight_____ournewpresident,andIam______tobeinvited.A.inhonor;honoredB.inplaceof;ofgreathonorC.ingreathonor;infavorofD.inhonorof;honoredDC