高中名词性从句复习课件讲义 37页

名词性从句---马老师\n语序问题关联词的区分分类讲解巩固练习种类名词性从句\n名词从句的功能功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类\n一、种类主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句\n1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine____whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited二、语序问题\n3.Heasked____foraviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid4.Icouldn’tunderstand___withme.A.thematterwaswhatB.whatthematterwasC.whatwasthematterD.thatwasthematter结论：名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。\n1.连词that,if/whether，asif/asthough2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever等.3.连接副词when,whenever,where,wherever,why,how,however等.三、关联词\n（一）、主语从句（一般位于句首）1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否),不用if.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.四、分类讲解\n3.连接副词when,where,why,how等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which,whichever等.Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou.Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.\n(1).______Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.(2).______theearthisroundisknowntousall.归纳：WhatThat连词_______在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_____在从句中作成分（常做宾语成分），常含有疑问意义。thatwhat\n1.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what\n1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunished.Whoheisdoesn’tconcernme.3.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewantsarethesebooks.Whathewantsissomewater.难点:(1)主语从句的主谓一致\n（2）用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起\n例如：It’sapitythathedon’tcometogiveaspeech.Wethinkitpossiblethatyoucanfinishthejobtoday.It做形式主语或宾语---为了保持句子平衡\n（二）.宾语从句1.由连词that引导,that常可省略。Webelieve(that)heishonest.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.注：并列二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语时不能省略that.Hesaid(that)hehadfinishedreadingthisnovelandthathewouldborrowanotherone.Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationary(试用的)period.\n当that引导的宾语从句带补语时,需用先行词it作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，that不能省略。Weconsideritpossiblethatheisill.Ifeelitapitythatshecan’tcome.IhearditsaidthathehadgonetoAustralia.Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheplan.\n(2).在动词hate,take,hide,punish,put等后面跟有that引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it；(3).短语动词answerfor,counton,dependon,insiston,seeto等后跟有that引导的宾语从句时，必须加上形式宾语itIwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcometomybirthdayparty.(1).谓语动词appreciate,dislike,hate,like,love,make等后面跟有if或when引导的宾语从句的时候往往在从句前加上形式宾语it\n2.由wh-疑问词引导。1.Wefullyunderstoodwhathemeant.2.Goandaskwhyhewaslateyesterday.3.Pleasetellmewhichismine.4.Iaskedhowhewasgettingon.5.Wewillchoosewhoeverisfit.6.Theyshouldenjoycompletefreedomtomarrywhomevertheydesire.7.Whateverhedoeshedoeswell.8.Doyouknowwhether/ifsheiscoming?9.HeaskedmewhetherornotIwasbusy.\n1.介词后的宾语从句.Everythingdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrow.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.2.复合不定式只能用whether；与or连用常表示一种选择，但if不能.Telluswhethertogoorstayhere.Thequestionofwhethertheyarefemaleormaleisnotimportant.但:宾语从句否定时常用if引导.Heaskedifyouwouldnotgoandseehim.3.whether与if用法区分。下列情况只能用whether.\n3、whether…ornot的宾语从句.Idon’tknowwhetherornotshe’lllikeit.4、主语从句置于句首(主语从句）Whethershelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.5、表语从句MymainproblemrightnowiswhetherIshouldaskforanotherloan（贷款）.6、同位语从句Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.\n7.间接引语位于句首或间接引语提前使用时用whether,不用if.Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.8.Whether可引导让步状语从句表示“不管，无论”，而if不能。Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.\n1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_________ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis________thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson________wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.________theycandoitmatterslittletous.6.Themanageraskedmethequestion________Iwouldliketobehissecretary.7._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf用if或whether填空whether\n宾语从句要注意的几个问题:1.时态呼应(主从句时态保持一致）2.否定转移:(当主句是think,believe,suppose,expect,guess，expect,imagine等时，其后的宾语从句时否定的，要把否定词移到主句).但一般出现在主句是一般现在时的情况下且主句主语是第一人称.Idon’tthinkyouhavemetmebefore,haveyou?Ithoughtyouwouldnotcome,soIwenttherebymyself.\n3.后面不能直接跟that从句的动词:allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,celebrate,dislike,hate,love,help,take,forgive等.这类次后可用其它形式作宾语.Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.(正确)Iadmirethattheywonthematch.(错误)\n宾语从句中连接词that下列三种情况不能省略：1.当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者从句主语之间有插入语时；WhenhegottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwastoolimited.2.当that从句与另一名词性从句并列做宾语时；Everyoneknowswhathappenedandthatshewasworried.3.当that从句做介词宾语时；Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.F:\教学资源\语法\名词性从句\宾语从句要点盘点.doc插入语\n（三）、表语从句表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同.但:1.that引导表语从句时不能省；2.前后时态未必和宾语从句那样保持一致；3.if不能引导表语从句.只能用whether；4.seem,appear后可接that引导的从句,而look则不可.这三个词后都可用asif/asthough引导从句.Itseems/appearsthathewaslateforthetrainyesterday.Itseems/looksasifwehavetogohomeonfoot.\nThenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.（四）.同位语从句同位语从句一般跟在名词factnewspromisetruthbeliefthoughtidea,answerinformationknowledgedoubt，hopelawopinionplansuggestion后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词.\n注:1.that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别:引导同位语从句的that无实际意义,不作从句的任何成分,而引导定语从句的that是从句中的某个成分.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthematch.Hetoldmethenewsthatwasveryexciting.Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhathedid.\nwh-ever与nomatterwh-的区别用法名词性从句与让步状语从句的比较拓展\nwh-ever可以引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分；Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.wh-ever还可以引导让步状语从句;Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.然而nomatterwh-只能引导让步状语从句Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.\n1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho2.Thesewildflowersaresospecial,Iwoulddo____Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever\n3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild ____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whichever D.whenever4.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.ThepersonC.Whoever D.Who\n另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空:Thereason____wedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。\n巩固练习1.Thequestionis____ thefilmisworthseeing．A．if B．whatC．whetherD．how2.Oneofthemenheldtheview ____thebooksaidwasright．A．thatwhatB．whatthatC．that D．whether\n3.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican'tremember ____.A．whereB．thereC．whichD．that4.Energyis ____makesthingswork．A．whatB．everythingC．something D．anything\n5.Thereason ____Ihavetogois_____mymotherisillinbed．A.why;why B.why;becauseC.why;that D.that;because6.Hedoesn'tthinkthequestionof____theyaremenorwomenisimportant．A.whether  B.ifC.which D.why\n7.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers____tothefront．A.shouldsend B.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo8.Airistous ____wateristofish．A.isthat    B.whatC.whichD.that