英语：高中语法辅导课件(句式结构) 23页

句式结构一、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在句首原形动词前加don’t或never。Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.2.祈使句的反义疑问句是在句末加“willyou？”。Haveanotherpieceofcake，willyou?Don’tmakeanynoise，willyou?3.祈使句前加助动词do用来加强语气。Doturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.4.祈使句可以带主语。\n(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时，需加上主语“you”，有时还可同时加上称呼语。Tom，youwatertheflowers!(2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”。You，girls，cleanthedesks，you，boys，sweepthefloor.(3)表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”。Youmindyourownbusiness！你少管闲事！(4)祈使句的主语还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，somone，nobody”或第三人称。Someoneanswerthephone！谁去接一下电话！\n5.以Let’s或Letus开头的祈使句。Let’tgetdowntowork，shall_we?Letuscalmdown，will_you?6.构成句式：祈使句＋and/or＋简单句。MakeamoveandI’llshoot.(＝Ifyoumakeamove，I’llshoot.)Goaway，orIwillcallthepolice.(＝Ifyoudon’tgoaway，Iwillcallthepolice.)二、感叹句1.基本句式(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语Whatacleverboyheis!\n(2)What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语Whatfineweatherwearehavingtoday!(3)What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语Whatbeautifulflowerstheseare!(4)How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语Howhighthemountainis!2.特殊句式(1)How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语Howdifficultaproblemitis!(2)How＋主语＋谓语Howweloveourmotherland!\n三、therebe句型1.Therebe句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方存在什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。Thereisatalltreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Therearemanydesksandchairsintheroom.2.therebe句式中的be有时可用seemtobe，happentobe，usedtobe，havetobe等替代。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithme.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.3.therebe句式中的be可用remain，live，stand，lie，exist等不及物动词替代。Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.\nNooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse.4.therebe句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：therebeing和theretobe。Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，Ideclaredthemeetingclosed.由于没有其他事情，我宣布散会。Idon’twanttheretobeanotherconflict.我不希望再有冲突发生。5.用于组成特殊句式。(1)thereisnouse/point/sense(in)doing...“做某事没用或没意义”。Thereisnopoint(in)worryingaboutit.(2)thereisnodoubtabout.../thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”。Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.\n(3)thereisnoneedfor.../thereisnoneedtodo...“没有必要……”。Thereisnoneedtohurry，isthere?(4)thereisnodoing...“不可能……；无法……；没有办法……”。Thereisnoknowinghowlonghemightbeaway.无法知道他要离开多长时间。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事不可开玩笑。四、强调句型1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。形式：itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...ItisIwhoamtoblame.应受责备的是我。\n2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。形式：is/wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?Wasitin1896thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?此时，还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。IwonderifitisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish.3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。形式：疑问词＋is/wasitthat...?Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗子的是谁？此时，强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere.\n4.强调句型用于强调not...until...句型。形式：itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that...Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别。判断是否为强调句型，可先把itis/was...that/when/where/since...去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。ItwasonJanuray1stthatIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...that...后：OnJanuary1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.很明显句子是完整的，所以这是一个强调句型。句意是“我是在元月一日拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)\nItwasJanuary1stwhenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.(去掉itwas...when...后：January1stIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer.显然句子不完整，所以这不是一个强调句型，而是一个带有时间状语从句的复合句。句意是“那天是元月一日，我去拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”)五、倒装句1.全部倒装下列情况下，句子要使用全部倒装(1)表示方位的副词(如up，down，out，in，away，round，here，there)放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动物(如go，come，run，rush，fly)，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。\nHerecomesthetraintoBeijing.但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前。Thedooropenedandinshecame.【注】在全部倒装句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不能用进行时、将来时或完成时态。(2)表示时间的副词now，then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是come，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。Nowcomesyourturn.(3)介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词(如lie，stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系动词be，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.\n(4)代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。Sucharethefacts；noonecandenythem.(5)分词短语放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.2.部分倒装下列情况下，句子要使用部分倒装：(1)“only＋副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首时。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(2)含有否定意义的副词(如never，seldom，little，nowhere，hardly等)放在句首时。Neverinhistoryhastechnologymadesuchrapidprogress.\n(3)“nota＋n.”“notasingle＋n.”“notonce”或“notuntil...”等短语放在句首时。Notaworddidhesayatthelastmeeting.(4)表示否定意义的介词短语(如atnotime，onnoaccount，undernocircumstances，bynomeans，innoway等)放在句首时。UndernocircumstancescouldIagreetosuchaprinciple.(5)在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，notonly...butalso...引导两个分句时，如把hardly，nosooner或notonly放在句首，前一个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装，后一个分句中则不用倒装。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.(6)在“so＋助动词＋主语”和“neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”中。Theylovehavinglotsoffriends；sodothosewithdisabilities.\nIdon’tknow，nordoIcare.(7)在“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”句式中，如将“so＋adj./adv.”放在句首时。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(8)当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had，were或should时，如将if省略，则要将had，were或should等移到主语前。Haditnotbeenforyoursupport，Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldputoffthesportsmeet.\n过关落实1.—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—________herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon’tvisit解析：“whynotdo...”means“whydon’tyoudo...”用来提出建议“为何不……”。答案：A2.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—________.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes解析：“so＋助动词＋主语”表示前面出现的情况同样适用于后者。答案：C\n3.Idon’tmindhercriticizingme，but______ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which解析：强调句型中只能用it。答案：A4.Youhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder，________youwon’tpassthecourse.A.andB.soC.butD.or解析：并列连词or译为“否则”。答案：D\n5.Whenyou’vefinishedwiththatbook，don’tforgettoputitbackontheshelf，________？A.doyouB.don’tyouC.willyouD.won’tyou解析：否定祈使句的反意疑问句应用“willyou？”。答案：C6.Helpotherswheneveryoucan________youwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but解析：祈使句＋and＋简单句。答案：A\n7.—Jackboughtanewmobilephonetheotherday.—________？That’shisthirdoneinjustonemonth.A.HadheB.DidheC.DoesheD.Hashe解析：由上下文可知，应用一般过去时。答案：B8.—Youshouldapologizetoher，Barry.—________，butit’snotgoingtobeeasy.A.IsupposesoB.IfeelsoC.IprefertoD.Iliketo解析：“我也这么认为。”是简略答语。答案：A\n9.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe，northewaytheyappeartobe，________thewaytheyactuallyare.A.asB.orC.butD.and解析：“not...nor...but...”表示“不是……，也不是……，而是……”。答案：C10.Thelittleboycameridingwithfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle.________itwas!A.WhatadangeroussceneB.WhatdangerousasceneC.HowadangeroussceneD.Howdangerousthescene解析：感叹句what＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语。答案：A\n11.Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature________hechosethecourse.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how解析：此句包括了itwas＋被强调的原因状语＋that句型结构。答案：A12.Sodifficult________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound解析：本句中so＋difficult(adj.)位于句首，前一分句要用部分倒装。答案：B\n13.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No，nosooner________thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone解析：nosooner...than...引导两个分句时，nosooner位于句首，前一分句要用部分倒装。答案：A14.I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans________withmyprogress.A.theteacherisnotsatisfiedB.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfiedD.istheteachersatisfied\n解析：表示否定意义的介词短语(bynomeans)位于句子的句首，所以用倒装形式且句中不能再出现not。答案：D15.Justinfrontofourhouse________withahistoryof1,000years.A.doesatalltreestandB.standsatalltreeC.atalltreeisstandingD.atalltreestands解析：infrontofourhouse介词短语放在句首，stand为不及物动词，atalltree作主语，全部倒装。答案：B\n绿色软件www.xiangbalaoxt.com绿色软件jes351uip谢谢观看！