高中英语it的用法课件3 55页

It的用法\n代词：用于指人以外的一切生物，无生命的东西和事情日期，距离，价值，度量，温度，环境等\nit用作非人称代词，指代日期、时间、季节、天气、温度、距离、重量、环境、情况等，常不翻译出来It’squitehothereinsummer,isn’tit?It’searlymidnightnow.We’dbettergotobed.It’saboutanhour’sdrivefromheretoNanchang.Itwasnoisylastnight.—Doyoulikeithere？(2004年高考全国卷Ⅱ)—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.—Everythingissonice.(天气)(时间)(距离)（情况）(环境等)\n指代性别不详的婴幼儿他\她是谁？Whoisit?指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It'smaybeTom.Thebabyiscrying.Itmightbehungry.—“Whoisitoverthere?”—“Itmustbeheadmaster.”—“No,itcan’tbehim,forhehasgonetoParis.”\nI.人称代词a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物，以避免重复:Throwwastedpaperinthedustbin.It'sjustbesideyou.b.还可以指代前面整件事情：Thisspadeismadeofiron.Itisknowntoall.2.指示代词(在回答含有指示代词this\that的问句时，常用it指代)---Whoisthat?--ItisLucy.What’sthatontheright?Iguessitmightbeawatermelon.—“Hello!Whoisthat(speaking)?”—“Thisisjohn/I(speaking).此处不能用it代this\nit指代上文提到的表特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词，即“同类又同物”;one表示“同类不同物”,只能代替可数名词单数，相当于a/an+可数名词单数；还可以指众多中的一个（注意它在定语从句中的指代）(复数n用ones指代)that表示“同类不同物”，（只在平级结构或比较级结构或表对比结构中指代前文出现的表特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。（复数名词用those指代)Ihadagoodpen,butIlostityesterday.I’llbuyonetomorrow.注1:it,one,that区别\nTheParkersboughtanewhousebut___willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which2.We’vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them3.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan___inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those易误辨析:it/one/thatBACthehousethattheParkersboughtahousetheair\nExercises:1.---wouldyouliketobuyabicycleofthiskind?---Yes,I'dliketohave_________.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this2.Thecolorofmycoatisdifferentfrom__ofyours.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this3.Themachinesweusetodayaremuchbetterthan_____weusetenyearsago.A.itB.thatC.oneD.those4.Theseshoesaretootight,doyouhavelarge___?A.itB.thatC.onesD.one√√√√\n定语从句1.Isthisthefactory_______hermotherworkedlastyear?A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.which2.Isthisfactory_______hermotherworkedinlastyear?A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.which3.______cleantheblackboardistobepraised.A.AnyonewhoB.TheboyC.TheoneD.theones√√√\n1.Sb+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth.+连词+clauseThechairmanthought___necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国)A.thatB.itC.thisD.himSentencepatterns:B形式宾语make\believe\feel\find\considerhard\possible\important\useless\worth\worthwhile…Translation:我们认为你什么时候出发并不重要。Hemadeitquiteclearthathewon'tchangehismindWeconsideritunimportantwhenyousetout.\n2.S+V+it+one’sduty+(forsb.)todosth.+连词+clause3.S+V+it+no+n+doingsth.(need除外）形式宾语Ithinkithisdutytocleantheblackboard.Sentencepatterns:anhonour,apity,ashame,agoodidea---nouse\good\point\harm---1.作为医生，我们觉得救死扶伤是我们的职责。2.他们相信适当锻炼身体毫无坏处。TraanslationAsdoctors,wefeelitourdutytosavethedyingandtreatthewounded.Theybelieveitnoharmdoingtheexercsieappropriately.\nIlike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全国)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,don'tmind,appreciate,feellike等)或包含介词的动词短语(如seeto,dependon,befondof等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.Ilike(enjoy,hate…)itwhen….Iwouldappreciateitif……seeto(dependon…)itthat…Sentencepatterns:C形式宾语\n单句改错：(每行最少一个错误）1.Heispossibletodothisthingflexibly.2.Hedidn’tmakewhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheldclear.3.ThedoctoradvisedVesastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,butwhichdidn'thelp.4.Isthatclubthatcanholdmorethan1,000persons?5.Weconsideritnousetospendtimeonthiskindofpeople.6.Everystudentmayhatethemwhentheirteacherstreatthemrudely.\n点拨:这也是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词短语中包含it作形式宾语,其结构为：sboweittosb+连词+clause把…归功于…bringittosb+连词+clause把…带给某人leaveittosbtodo\+连词+clause把…留给某人去做takeitforgranted+连词+clause某人想当然…keepitinmind+连词+clause牢记…形式宾语Shetook____forgrantedthathewaslikedbyallthepeople.A.thisB.thatC.itD.oneCSentencepatternsYoucanleavethechorestomeifyouarebusy.Pleasekeepitinmindthatyouareachineseman.Sheowedittomethatsheisgettingbetterandbetter.\nSentencepatterns:形式宾语sbthinkitadjforsbtodo\+连词+clausesbthinkitnforsbtodo\+连词+clausesbthinkitnon(use\good-)doing(exceptneed)sbappreciateit+连词+clausesbleaveittosbtodo\+连词+从句sboweittosb+连词+clausesbbringittosb+连词+clausesbtakeitforgranted+连词+clausesbkeepitinmind+连词+clause\nIt常可代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。为方便记忆，我们可将it作形式宾语的句型称为"6123结构"。指主句中常用的动词：think，believe，make，find,consider，feel；指的是形式宾语it；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。it作形式宾语WethinkitimportanttolearnEnglish.\n1.-Thereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandbottow?-No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.[2007陕西卷]A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it2.Littlejoycanequal________ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.[2007四川卷]A.thatB.thoseC.anyD.Some3.Hedidn’tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.[2007天津卷]A.thisB.thatC.itD.these\n4.（2011福建21）Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it5.（2010全国II14）Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it6.（2010陕西卷12）ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthan____inanyotherareaofthecity.A.thatB.thisC.itD.one7.(2011天津1)Wefeel___ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one\n1._____(Whether\If\That\It)theexperientmentwillbecarriedoutisnotknown.=?2.______(That\This\It\As)isnotclearwhenhewillattendthemeeting.=?3._____(That\This\It\As)isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=?形式主语高考真题Itbeadj\n\done\vi+连词+clause\todo\doing=连词+clause\todo\doing+beadj\n\done\vi√√√\nItisobviousthatgoingforsportswilldoalotofgoodtoyourhealth.=?\nIt'sapitythattheChineseteamdidn'tattendtheWorldCupinSouthAfricathisyear.=?\n1.Itisclear(obvious,true,certain....)that.....该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.　　=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.Itisimportant(necessary，strange，natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.\n2.Itissaid(reported，learned....)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.\n3.Ithappens(seems，appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．Itlooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义，asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）Itseemedasifheweredying.\n4.Itisapity(ashame...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省，常译为＂该到做--的时侯--了＂Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.\n8：Itbe+n+连词+从句的特殊句式结构1.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.2.Itisuptosb.todosth…应由某人做某事。Itisuptoyoutodecidewhetherwestartornot.\n3.Itis+一段时间+since...。since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。Itis5yearssincehisfatherdied.ItisfivemonthssinceIarrivedinNewYork.我到纽约已经五个月了。ItisfivemonthssinceIwasinNewYork.我离开纽约已经五个月了。（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）\n4.Itis...when...。该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.5.Itwas\willbe+段时间+before+从句该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long，3days，2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillnotbelongbeforehefinisheshisjob.\nItwillbe+段时间+before+clause:要过---才---Itwillnotbe+段时间+before+clause:用不了---就---Itwillbeseveralyearsbeforewemeetagain.我们要过好几年才能再见面。Itwillnotbelongbeforetheysetoutforthefront.用不了多久他们就会出发去前线。特殊句型：\nwas+时间段+before…“---之后---才”Itwasnot+时间段+before…“没过…就”Itwastwohoursbeforethefiremanarrivedhere.Itwasnotfiveminutesbeforethefiremanarrivedhere.两个小时之后消防员才到.没过五分钟消防员就到了.\n1.It’syears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.2.Itwillbeyears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintthisbeautifulpicture.3.Itwasyears___(since,before,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.4.It’sforyears___(since,before,after,that)Ihavepaintedthisbeautifulpicture.易误辨析:表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从......以来已多久了”Itis+时间段+since(过去时)...表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“---之后---才/就做了…”It+was+时间段+before(过去时)…表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会/就会做…”It+willbe+时间段+before(一般现在时)…______________________\nTranslatethefollowing:过了很久他才回来.2.我们很久后才会见面的.3.我离开这所学校已经很久了.Itwaslongbeforehecameback.Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.ItislongsinceIleftthisschool.Itis+时间段+since(过去时)...It+willbe+时间段+before(一般现在时)…It+was+时间段+before(过去时)…易误辨析:\n在一些固定用法中考查常见的固定用法有:makeit成功，安排在或定在某时间forgetit别提了，忘了它吧Don’tmentionit别提了，表示不用谢Itdoesn’tmatter没关系It(That)depends视情况而定Youguessedit你猜着了It’shardtosay很难说\nPractice\n判断对错(每句最多有两处错误)ItwasthismorningwhileIfinishedmytask.Itisuptoyoutomakethechoice.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.Itisnoteasyfinishingtheworkintwodays.Itisnotagoodhabitstayinguplate.Itisnousetocryoverspiltmilk.Itisapitythatyoudon'treadthisbook.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.ItisthesecondtimethatIwastoldtheruleshere.Itistimethatweprotectourenvironment.Itisevidentthatheistellingalienow.Itisdemandedthathegoestoschoolontime.\nItwaswithastrongbeliefthatMartinLutherkingledmangmovementsagainstracialdiscrimination.\nItistheabilitytodothejob__mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.iItis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他成分强调句型高考真题Itis\wasnotuntil+被强调的部分+that+句子其他成分\nItwas___backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgoInwhichplayis___yourbrotherappears?A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhereItwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorZhang___theydidtheexperiment.A.where;thatB.which;whereC.that;whereD.which;that强调句型被强调的部分是notuntil引导的时间状语?强调句型用于疑问句,被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词?Inwhichplayisitthat…?Itis…that…Isit…that…?Idon’tknowinwhichplayitisthat…强调句型和各种从句高考热点?\n1.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo____benefitsourworkmost.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what2.Idon'tknow___hehadbeen.AwherewasitB.itwaswhereC.whereitwasthatD.itwaswherethat3.Itwas___hecamebackfromAficathatyear___hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;thenB.not,untilCnotuntil;thatD.only;whencorrect:ItistheschoolgatethatImethim.√√√at˄\n走进高考\nExerciseBar\n3.(2000,上海)Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。\n4.(2007,全国Ⅰ)–Haveyouheardthelatestnews?–No,what__?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latestnews。5.(2006,全国Ⅰ)IfIcanhelp__,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them正确答案：C。help是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。6.(2002,北京)-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-__was1998whenhewasinMiddleSchool.A.that,ItB.this,ThisC.this,ItD.that,This正确答案：A。it指时间。\n9.(2004,北京)TheForeignMinistersaid,“__ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.A、ThisisB、ThereisC、ThatisD、Itis正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。10.(2005,上海)____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires正确答案：C。it为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。\n11.(2004,上海春)Itwasfoolishofhimto__hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.A.sticktoB.refertoC.keeptoD.pointto正确答案：B。短语辨析题，referto有“参考”的意思，符合句意。12.(2006,全国Ⅱ)Itisno__arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.way分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。14.(2006,湖南)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade__herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。\n15.(2005,江苏)–Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe__toMiamibuttoNewYork?–Iagree,buttheproblemis__hehasrefusedto.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what正确答案：B。表示“理应如此”需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。在做it形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。\n17、(2003,上海)Iwillappreciateit__youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A、untilB、ifC、whenD、that正确答案：B。18.(1998，上海)Don’t__thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobemostsuccessful.A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted正确答案：D。takeitforgrantedthat…意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely)onit（相信某事）和seetoit（负责某事）的用法。19.(2008,全国Ⅱ)ItwasinNewZealand__ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.when正确答案：A。将itwas去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调句型。\n20.(2004,福建)Itwaswithgreatjoy__hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.A.becauseB.whichC.sinceD.that正确答案：D。21.(1997,全国)Wasit__thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.youB.notyouC.yourselfD.thatyourself正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that…将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉Itis/was…that结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。22.Is__student__wascaughtsmokingintheclassroom?A.itthat,thatB.thatit,itC.itit,thatD.itwhich,that正确答案：A。\n23.(2004,上海)Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.__youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：wh-+is/wasitthat+其它成分，故选B。24.(2005,山东)-__thathemanagedtogettheinformation?-Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit正确答案：C。\n25.(2007,浙江)It__wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks__Ifoundwehadalotincommon.A.was;whenB.wasthat;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that正确答案：D。易判断这是考查notuntil的强调形式。26.(2008，重庆)Itwasnotuntilmidnight__theyreachedthecampsite.A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as正确答案：A。27.(2007,山东)–Wheredidyougettoknowher?–Itwasonthefarm_weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where正确答案：D。答句完整形式应为：ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.\n28.-Whomadesuchastupidmistake?-__Tom.A.ItwasB.HewasC.ThatwasD.Therewas正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：ItwasTomwhomadesuchastupidmistake.29.Itwastheuniversity__hewasteaching__senthimtoAmerica.A.which;thatB.where;thatC.that;whichD.that;had正确答案：B。本题是考查：itwas+university+引导的定语从句+that…。30.(2007,陕西)Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright__isofimportance.A.whichB.itC.thatD.this正确答案：C。本题是考查强调句型和名词性从句连用。\n31.(2006,辽宁)Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired__herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as正确答案：A。本题是考查强调句型和状语从句连用。32.ItmighthavebeenTom__boughtJohnanewpenyesterday.A.whatB.sinceC.thatD.then正确答案：C。去掉Itmighthavebeen…that句子仍然是完整的，所以选C。33、(2008,北京)I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime__Briangetsback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after正确答案：A。Itbe+时间+before…表示过了一段时间才……34.(2006,福建)–Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe__Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?-Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before正确答案：D\n35、(2005,安徽)Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears__Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since正确答案：D。36、(2006,四川)–It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.-ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,__wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when正确答案：B。易判断本题是考查同位语从句。37.(2006,重庆)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto__thepapers?markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking正确答案：D。gotdownto是“开始从事”的意思，to不是不定式符号，而是介词后跟名词或者-ing形式。\n38.(2005,安徽)-Shallwegototheartexhibitionrightaway?-__.A.It’syouropinionB.Idon’tmindC.It’alluptoyouD.That’syourdecision39、(2006,湖北)–Youknowwhocameyesterday?-YaoMing?Wehadseenbasketballmatch.-__Hecameandwatchedthegame.A.Youguessedit!B.Howdidyouknowthat?C.Welldone!D.Thatwasgoodnews!正确答案：A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。40.(2008,天津)–HowmuchdoIownyouforlunch?-__.It’snothing.A.You’rewelcomeB.ForgetitC.WithpleasureD.That’sallright正确答案：B。\nThankyou