高中英语基础课件名词 37页

名词\n大声朗读,指出下列句中划线的名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分,并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.Johnisadriver.约翰是司机。2.Don’tstandonceremony.别客气。介词宾语主语；表语\n3.Hedoesn’tlookhisage.他看上去与年龄不符。4.LondonliesontheThamesRiver.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。5.Yourbrothertoldmethenews.你弟弟告诉我这个消息的。直接宾语表语主语；介词的宾语\n6.LiQiang’sbowlisinthekitchen.李强的碗在厨房。7.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界说英语。主语；介词的宾语主语；介词的宾语\n8.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。9.Youstudentsshouldthinkofyourfuture.你们学生应该为自己的前途着想。主语的同位语宾补\n1.主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、____、动词的_____、介词的宾语、___________、同位语等。2.语境分析。名词通常位于冠词(如adriver)、_____(如hisage)、__________(如LiQiang’sbowl)及some,any,many,alotof等限定词的后面。归纳总结名词所有格表语宾语宾语补足语代词\n3.名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词computer电脑,president总统集体名词audience观众,police警察不可数名词物质名词chalk粉笔,money钱抽象名词anger愤怒,fun乐趣专有名词Tom汤姆,China中国,TheEuropeanUnion欧盟\n4.名词的单复数。可数名词有单复数的区分，当数量大于一时就要用复数形式。5.不可数名词。⑴没有复数形式；⑵不能直接用不定冠词、数词及many，anumberof等修饰，但可用some，much，agreatdealof等修饰。\n6.名词所有格。有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词，其所有格一般用“名词+-s”表示，如Theauthor’sname(作者的名字)；无生命的东西的所有格一般用“of+名词”表示,如thecoverofthebook(书的封面)。\n7.不可数名词与可数名词的转化。表示种类时：variousfruits(各种水果)；表示具体的事物时：asuccess(一个成功人士)；表示“一场/段/件……”时：atimelyrain(一场及时雨)；表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea，coffee，beer等：twobeers(两杯啤酒)；表示不同意思时：room房间(可数);余地(不可数)。\n有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词，可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如：fun,housework,homework,advice,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,machinery等。注意：\n8.of+抽象名词。of+use,value,help等某些抽象名词,其含义相当于对应的______，在句中可作表语、补语等。形容词\n⑴单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a，an，the)、名词的所有格(Tom’s)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his)、不定代词(any，another)等。⑵空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。⑶在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。名词与广东高考\n⑷若有定语从句、形容词、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当用所给词的名词形式。⑸作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。⑹在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数、是否需要用所有格。\n一、完成句子根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。1.Two______(月)ago，three______(英雄)caughtfour_______(小偷).Theymadethemplantsome________(土豆)and_______(竹子)intwo_____(动物园).Theyalsomadetheir______(妻子们)returnthefourbig______(箱子)withsomeprecious______(照片)and________(刷子)inthem.灵活运用brushesmonthsheroesthievespotatoesbambooszooswivesboxesphotos\n1.一般情况下直接加s；以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾，加es，如boxes/dishes/matches等(例外：stomachs)；2.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加es如countries/families(但以元音字母+y结尾的直接加s，如boys)；要点归纳：名词变复数的规则\n3.以f或fe结尾的名词,把f(e)改为ves如wolf/thief/wife/knife等(例外：proofs/roofs/gulfs/beliefs)；4.以o结尾的名词，一般加es，但某些缩写词、外来词或者以元音字母+o结尾的词则加s，如photos/pianos/radios等。\n2.Two______________(主编)，three__________(男教师)andfive___________(女医生),togetherwiththeir________(孩子们)，wenttothemarket.Theydecidedtobuytwo_______(绵羊),three_____(鹿)，four_____(公牛)，five______(鹅)andsixwhite_____(老鼠)withthree____(脚)andsix_____(牙齿).teetheditors-in-chiefmenteacherswomendoctorschildrensheepdeeroxengeesemicefeet\n⑴将a改为e的有man—men,woman—women等；⑵man或woman作定语时，其单复数与所修饰的名词的单复数一致,如menteachers/womenscientists等。不规则变化\n⑶将oo改为ee的有foot—feet,tooth—teeth，goose—geese等；⑷复数以en结尾的有child—children,ox—oxen等；⑸将ouse改为ice的有mouse—mice，louse—lice(虱子)等；\n⑹单复数同形的有sheep/deer/fish/aircraft/means/works/Swiss/Japanese/Chinese等；⑺合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词,如passers-by/sons-in-law,没有主体名词的,直接在词尾加s,如grown-ups/go-betweens；\n1.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig__________(commit),butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.二、单句填空根据前面的冠词可知填名词,commitment(投身)在句中作表语。commitment\n2.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional__________(compete).名词作maintain的宾语。competence\n3.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsas_______(knife)outofchildren’s.根据前面的things可知用复数，作介词as的宾语。4.DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______(tooth).因oneof后面的名词一定是复数，tooth的复数是teeth。knivesteeth\n5.Idon’tlikethe_____inwhichyoulaughather.由inwhich引导的定语从句可知,先行词应为表示方式的way。6.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocheatin______________(exam)becauseitbreakstherulesofschools.6.作介词in的宾语。wayexaminations\n7.Inmyopinion,nooneagreesthata________(wealth)personwithoutgoodhealthcanbehappy.So,justdoourbestandkeepfit.7.在冠词与名词之间,用形容词作定语。wealthy\n8.Upon_______(arrive),webegantoworkimmediately.作介词的宾语用名词形式。9.Since“Lifeisastage”,weareactuallyallactorsand________(act).由与之并列的actors(男演员)可知填actresses(女演员),在句中作并列表语。actressesarrival\n10.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial__________(express).前有形容词修饰，用名词，或者说，作介词in的宾语，用名词。11.LangLangisaworld-classyoung______(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.由其后的定语从句可知,空格处是先行词,且指人。pianistexpressions\n12.______(try)byfoodprocessingplantsinGermanyhaveconcludedthatfoodscoveredwiththeglasscanstorelongerthanthosestoredinnormalcondition.主句谓语是haveconcluded,而by...Germany是介词短语作定语,有介词短语修饰,或者说在句中作主语,要用名词;又因谓语是复数,故用trials。Trials\nAhighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostlucky.1___truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”Experienceshowsthathewasright.A二、语篇填空A在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词;由语境可知,此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友,故填不定冠词A。\nGood2__________(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.friendshipsfriendships在句中作主语,用名词形式;又根据谓语动词areformed是复数,可知作主语的名词要用复数:再根据搭配,不容易形成的应当是“友谊”,而不是“朋友”,故填friendships。\nTomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarm’s3______(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthat’sallright.lengthlength在名词所有格后,要用名词形式。keepsb.atarm’slength意为“不使自己太接近某人;与某人保持距离(notallowoneselftobecometoofriendlywithsb)”。\nButatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4_____(friend)expectations.friendsfriends在名词前作定语,要用其形容词形式或者名词的所有格;根据语境,应当指“我们的朋友的”,应当用复数形式的所有格,故填friends。\nThesharingof5_______(person)experienceisthesurestway6___________________(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.personaltodeepen/ofdeepening5.personal在名词前作定语,用形容词形式。6.todeepen/ofdeepening在way后用不定式作定语或用ofdoing作定语。\nWhataresomeofthedifficultiestofriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.7_______maindifficultyisthe8_________(selfish)tothinkone“owns”theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.Anotherselfishness7.Another在名词前作定语,没有提示的语法填空题,只可能是填冠词、介词、连词或代词;再根据前面的thegreatest(difficulty)和后面的Finally可知,此处是指多者中的“另一个”,故填another。8.selfishness在冠词后，要用名词。\nInotherwords,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareof.9______youspendreasonabletimetogether,talking10__thephone,writingletters,doingthingstogether,friendshipswilldieaway.Unlesson9.Unless因有youspend...和friendshipswilldieaway两个句子，且两句之间没有关联词，此处一定是填关联词；由两句的谓语动词的时态可判断，应填引导条件或时间状语从句的从属连词；根据两句的逻辑关系，应填unless引导条件状语从句。10.letters名词作宾语。因为是可数名词，且没有限定词，故用复数。\nThankYou!