高中英语-精品课件-定语从句 48页

Welcometoourclass!\n修饰名词和代词的成分，作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。定语:abeautifulflower美丽的花atallboy一位高个男孩beautifultallmyteacherthreeboysclothesshop服装店thestudentsinclass上课的学生们\nThepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）\n定语从句句子作定语叫做\n一.定语从句的基本定义●在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。●被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义▲位置：定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后。▲定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句\nTheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词\n.定语--从--句修饰名词或代词的名词\代词关系词具备有句子的基本成分先行词\n1.Theteacherswhoarepresentatourclassareallexperiencedteachers.2.Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof12girlsand50boys.3.YaoHuiistheboywhoseEnglishstudyisverygoodinourclass.4.Theschoolwherewearestudyingisveryfamous.5.Asweallknow,ourschoolis50yearsold.wherewhowhoseAswhich基础知识回顾：\n关系词的作用1.连接先行词与从句；2.替代先行词在从句中的位置；3.充当从句的成分\n基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewhere（=介词+which）when(=介词+which）why(=for+which）关系代词关系副词归纳总结\n三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点三.1.关系代词的基本用法先行词在定从中作主语在定从中作宾语在定从中作定语人who、that（who、that、whom）whose物which、that（which、that）whose还有as\n关系副词的用法指代所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否\n例句：(1)Theboys___________areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_________losthisway.(3)Children_________eatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.who,whomwho/thatwho/thatwho/that\n(4)Mr.Liuistheperson____________________youtalkedaboutonthebus.(5)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy_____________________Iwanttosee.（who/that/whom）（who/that/whom）\n(1)Footballisagame____________islikedbymostboys.（作主语）(2)Thisisthepen________heboughtyesterday.（作宾语）thatwhich/that(which/that)\nWhose既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语,表示“……人的”“……物的”(1)Theroom_______windowfacessouthismine.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。(2)Ioncelivedinahouse_____roofhasfallenin.我曾经住在屋顶倒塌的一个房子里。▲whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：whosewhose\n(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom________________isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom__________________isbrokenwillsoonberepaired(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebook______________isyellow?=Doyoulikethebook_______________isyellow?thedoorofwhichofwhichthedoorthecoverofwhichofwhichthecover\n考点与难点归纳\n考点与难点归纳1.that与which2.对theway的考查3.介词+关系词4.as的使用5.对where的考查6.综合考查考点难点\n▲关系代词that和which▲在定语从句中，that和which常常可以互换，但是下列情况只用关系词that,而不宜用which；当然作宾语时可以省略。考点1：that与which\n1.先行词（从句所修饰的词）被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.1）Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2）Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.\n2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything，everything,little,few，much,none,any,some等不定代词时,只能用that.1)Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.我有事要告诉你。2)Notallthatglitters（闪烁）isgold.发光的并非都是金子。3）Wehaven’tgotmuch(that)wecanofferyou.\n3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句1)Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isaw.我清楚地记得我看到的人和照片。2)Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschools(that)theyhadvisited.\n4.先行词被all,every,any,no,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright,last,just等修饰，用that。例如:1）Arethereanyquestionsthattroubleyoumuch?还有你感到非常麻烦的问题吗？2）Theonlything(that)shecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的就是向警察求助。\n5.当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用that1）Whichisthebike(that)youlost?2）Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?\n6.当关系代词在定语从句中作tobe表语时,先行词无论指人还是物，关系词用that。例如：1）Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.汤姆不再是过去的老样子了。2）Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe。上海不再时往昔的上海了。\n7.在therebe结构中，当先行词指物时，关系词用that例句：●Thereisabookonthedesk(that)I’mveryinterestedin.桌子上有本我非常感兴趣的书。\n定语从句解题方法:关系词的选择1.先看先行词，确定人或物2.分析定语从句中的句子成分3.确定关系代词的人称和数4.注意that和which的特殊情况\n【特别提示】：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：1.Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.2.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.3.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.\nHeisoneofthoseworkers_________abletodothisjob.A.whoareB.whomisC.whoisD.whomareHeistheonlyoneofthoseworkers_________abletodothisjob.A.whoareB.whomisC.whoisD.whomare\n▲宜用which而不用that的情况:1.当引导非限制定语从句时。例如：Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.足球，一项非常有趣的运动，在全世界得到普及。2.当关系代词前有介词时。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.这就是他曾经住过的房子。3.当先行词本身是that时。例如：Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。\n▲用who,而不用that的情况：1.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,noone,none,all,those,nobody,anybody等指人的不定代词时，关系词使用who1)ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.2)Onewhohasnothingtofearoneselfdarestotellthetruth.\n3)Allwhohavestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.所有研究这个问题的人都得出了同样的结论。2.在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who1）Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.2）Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.\n填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentenceInthewaytouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtousquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语考点2：theway用做先行词\n3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhich难点一：as的用法as\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,thesame,so,as修饰，即构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。\n模拟训练：1.Heissuchalazyman_____nobodywantstoworkwith______.（04模拟训练）A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Mrs.Blacktookthepolicebackto____place____shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;as（05模拟训练）\n3.as与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用as,意为“正如、恰如”。当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.\n4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.\n如何确定关系代词与副词？**.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfind.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat**.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthatCA确定关系词的步骤：　　　一先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。　　二看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。三看介词在何处四看是否属特殊\n一、先行词为"时间名词"1)I’llneverforgetthedays______________Istayedinthecountryside.I’llneverforgetthedays__________gavememuchhappiness.2)Istillremembertheday_______________mybrotherjoinedthearmy.Istillrememberthedays_________wespenttogether.when(=in/at/on/duringwhich)when(=duringwhich)which/thatwhen(=duringwhich)which/that3)We’realllookingforwardtotheSpringFestival,__________________wewillmakemuchfun.when(=duringwhich)\n二．先行词是"地点名词"1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（缺状语，work不及物动）Thisisthefactorywhich/thathevisitedlastyear.(缺宾语,visit及物动）2.Ongraduationheaskedtobesenttotheplacewherehewasneeded．(需要他的地方，where)where(=in/at/on/from...which)\n二．先行词是"地点名词"1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（缺状语，work不及物动）Thisisthefactorywhich/thathevisitedlastyear.(缺宾语,visit及物动）2.Ongraduationheaskedtobesenttotheplacewherehewasneeded．(需要他的地方，where)where(=in/at/on/from...which)\n当先行词为position,situation,condition,occasionspointpart,stage,和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。1.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.2.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.3.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.难点二：一些特殊词之后的where\n1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（06江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。\nwhere\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itwasfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句that强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三.综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。\n综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.2.Wedon’tbelievethenews_________hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/which综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（05江苏）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhichthat/which\n1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC3.ItwasOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.4.ItwasinOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whileCA对比训练\n5.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.6.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.whichBC7.Thenewscame____theBritishQueen’smothercelebratedher101thbirthdayingoodhealth,____isn’tsurprising,becauseshelivesaneasylifeandgetsthebestmedicalcare.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as（05模拟训练）