高中英语语法省略课件 65页

为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。省略\n省略一、简单句中的省略一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分被省略，这样的句子称为省略句。省略主要出现在下列情况中：1．省略主语(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.(这个)听起来是个好主意。(I)Begyourpardon？请(你)再说一遍？\n(2007·成都)—Hi，Sam，I'mgoingtotakealongwalkalongthesunnybeachandgoswimmingtoday.—________!A．HowniceyouareB．That'sallrightC．SoundsgreatD．Goodexercise\n解析：考查交际用语。这道题实际上是将主谓一致和交际用语结合起来进行考查。当对方提出建议，你认为是个好主意的时候，可以说That'sagoodidea./Thatsoundsgreat./Thatsoundsgood.在口语中，我们常常把主语省略，但如果省略的主语是第三人称单数，其动词仍然需要加上s。答案：C\n2．省略谓语或谓语的一部分(Does)Anybodyneedhelp？谁需要帮忙？(Isthere)Anythingtodrink？有喝的吗？\n②—Becareful！Don'tforgetyouareonaladder.—Butyouareholdingitforme，nothing________.A．worryaboutB．toworryaboutC．isworriedaboutD．worryingabout答案：B\n3．省略宾语—IsMr.Kinginhisoffice？金先生在办公室吗？—Sorry，Idon'tknow(whetherheisornot.)对不起，我不知道(他是否在)。\n—Jimmanagedtogetintohishousewithoutthekey.____？—Idon'tknow.Hemighthaveaskedsomeoneforhelp.A．WhatforB．GuesshowC．SowhatD．Whoknows\n解析：句意：“吉姆没有钥匙却设法进了房子。猜猜怎么进去的？”“不知道。他可能向别人求助了吧。”whatfor“为何”；sowhat“那又怎么样”；whoknows“谁知道”。题干中的问句补充完整为：Guesshowhegotintothehousewithoutthekey.答案：B\n4．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)(Itisa)Pitythatwelivesofarfromthesea.真遗憾，我们住得离海太远了。\n(陕西)—Haveyoufinishedyourfirstpaper?—________.Justhalfofit.Howaboutyou?A．NotatallB．NotlikelyC．NotabitD．Notyet解析：句意：——你的第一篇论文写完了吗？——还没有。刚完成一半。你呢？首先排除A、C，因为notatall＝notabit一点也不，不符合题意；notlikely—usedtodisagreestronglywithastatementorsuggestion绝不可能，绝对不会，也不符合题意。答案：D\n—Whydidn'tyoubuythebook?—I________，butIdidn'thaveenoughmoneywithme.A．wouldB．hadhadC．wouldhaveD．hadbought解析：根据句意可知，我本来会买的，可是当时我没有钱，所以没买。表示与过去事实相反，主句的谓语用wouldhavedone。答案：C\nWhoareyouwaitingfor?—________themanwoundedintheleftleg.A．ThedoctorwilloperateonB．ThenursetobelookedafterC．ThedoctortooperateonD．Hisbrothergot\n解析：回答的who是作waitfor的宾语，而A、D两项是句子的表达形式，所以排除；B项应该把tobelookedafter改为tolookafter。答语中tooperateontheman作定语，修饰thedoctor；woundedintheleftleg过去分词短语作定语修饰theman。所以只有C项正确。该句补充完整为：Iamwaitingforthedoctortooperateonthemanwoundedintheleftleg.答案：C\n二，并列句中的省略，在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.\nDisneypickeduphispenciland(he)startedtodraw.迪斯尼拿起铅笔，(他)开始画了起来。HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy，but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry.他的提议使约翰很高兴，但(他的提议使)玛丽很生气。\n2.若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.\n3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.\n5.省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.此外，下面这种类型的句子也可以算是省略句。(Go)Alittlefurtherandyouwillseeasignboard.再往前走一点，你可以看见一个招牌。在这种句子中，前面的分句相当于一个条件从句。\nAsisknowntoall，MontrealisthesecondlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld，____.A．ParisisthelargestB．ParistobethelargestC．ParisthelargestD．Parisbethelargest解析：若两个句子之间有逗号隔开，那么这两个句子之间必须要有连词，若无连词，则要改为非谓语的形式。此题若选A项，缺少连词；B、D两项的非谓语表达形式与此题不符。所以此题只有C选项的省略形式是正确的。答案：C\n※三、状语从句的省略※1.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as,whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be,而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。（1）As(hewas)young,hewasastore-keeper.（2）Hisopinion,whether(itis)rightorwrong,wouldbeconsidered.\n—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss，nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.A．astoldB．asaretoldC．astellingD．astheytold\n解析：句意：——谁应当对这一起事故负责？——是老板，而不是工人。工人们只是执行了他们被吩咐的指令。从题意可知，workers和tell之间应当是被动关系，排除C、D。而当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以同时省去。A项可以补全为：Theyjustcarriedouttheorderastheyweretold。答案：A\n※2.在as,than,however,whatever,nomatterwhat等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutourshortcomings.Icanonlydoitthewayas(Iwas)toldto(doitthatway).\n3.虚拟条件句常省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。Shouldtherebeaflood=(Ifthereshouldbeaflood),whatshouldwedo?4.有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。Johnwillgothereifmybrotherwill(go).Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).\n四、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。1.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略；在以thesame…as和suchas引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。Thegirl(who\whom\that)theteacherspoketoisLiuYing.Idon'tlikesuchbooksasthis(is).\n2.定语从句中的“主语(关系代词which/that/who）+系动词be”可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.\n3.在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。Ithink(that)itwillclearup(转晴)thisafternoon.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.\n4.由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).\n※5.在与suggest,request,order,advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可省略。Theofficerorderedthathismen(should)fire.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethefilm.\n五、复合句中特殊的省略现象。1.主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。(Itisa)PitythatIdidn'tgotoMary'sbirthdaypartyyesterday.\n※2.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。1)--Shemaynotbefreetoday.--Ifso(so=sheisnotfreetoday),wewillhavetoreportthemanager.2)--Ishefeelingbettertoday?--I'mafraidnot(not=heisn'tfeelingbettertoday).\n六、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,afford,forget,prefer,refuse,mean,try,advice,persuade,agree,want,remember,manage等。Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto.--Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeantto,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.\n—DidyouseethePyramids？你参观金字塔了吗？—No，Iwantedto(seethem)，buttherewasn'ttime.没去。我想去看，但没时间。—Wouldyouliketocomewithme?你希望和我一起去吗？—Yes，I'dloveto.是的，太愿意了。\n—What'sthematterwithDella?—Well，herparentswouldn'tallowhertogototheparty，butshestill____.A．hopestoB．hopessoC．hopesnotD．hopesfor解析：句意：——Della怎么了？——哦，她父母不让她去参加晚会，但她仍然希望去参加。本句属省略句，完整形式应为：...，butshestillhopestogototheparty.答案：A\n—Willyougohometomorrowevening?—No，Iamgoingtoalecture，oratleastIamplanning________.A．soB．toC．itD．that解析：用不定式符号to代替整个不定式togotoalecture。答案：B\n2.不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit等。Shewantstocomebutherparentswon'tallowherto.3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等。Ithinksheshouldgetajob,butyoucan'tforcehertoifshe'snotreadyto--I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Couldyoumindlookingaftermycat?--Notatall.I'dbehappyto.\n有时形容词或名词后的整个动词不定式可以省略I'dliketocome，butIhavenotime(to)．我想来，但我没有时间来。He'llneverleavehome；hehasn'tgotthecourage(to)．他永远不会离开家，他也没有勇气离开家。\n4.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如beableto,begoingto,haveto,oughtto,usedto等。Hedoesn'tlikefishbutheusedto.※注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后面保留原形have或be.Hedidn'tcome,butheoughttohave.Aliceisnotwhatsheusedtobe.\n—Doyoudoyourownhousework？你做家务吗？—Iusedto，butnowI'vegotaserviceflat.过去常常做，但是现在我有公寓服务了。Hewantedtogobuthewasn'tableto.他想去但不能去。Wedon'tsaveasmuchmoneythesedaysasweoughtto.我们没有存够我们应该存的钱。\n—Whynottakemycartothemuseuminsteadofwalking?—No，thanks，________.A．I'mabletoB．I'musedtoC．I'mabouttoD．I'vegotto解析：句意：——你为什么不坐我的车去博物馆而是步行呢？——不用了，谢谢，我习惯了。beableto“能够”；beusedto“习惯于……”；beaboutto“正打算，正要……”；havegotto“不得不……”。故选B项。答案：B\n七、动词不定式符号to的省略。1.主语部分有todo,系动词是is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.Theonlythingyouhavetodois(to)pressthebutton.※2.作介词but,except,besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to.Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerbettersthismorning.\nHecandonothingbut/exceptliedownandsleep.他别无选择，只好躺下睡觉。Thereisnothingtodobutwait.只好等待。\nAndthentherewasnochoicebut____downandsleep.A．lieB．lyingC．tolieD．lay解析：but前没有实义动词do的形式出现，后面的不定式符号to不应省略，故正确答案为C。答案：C\n3.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.（平行结构）※4.在see,watch,notice,hear,listento,lookat,feel,havemake,let,leave,observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；但这类动词如为被动语态，to须保留Why(not)do结构中不定式不带to.Didyounoticeherentertheroom?whynotjoinus?\nIoftenhearhersingthefolksong.我常听到她唱这首民歌。Thebossmadetheworkersworkdayandnight.老板迫使工人们日夜干活。Hewasseentoentertheroom.有人看见他走进房间去了。Jimwasobservedtogohome.有人看见吉姆回家了。Whynottryagain？为什么不再试一下？\nTheboywatchedthecooks___witheachotherforanhour.A．fightB．fightsC．tofightD．fighted解析：watch后面可接不定式或动名词作宾语补足语，其形式为watchsb.do/doingsth.，但强调看到某人做某事的全过程，则用watchsb.dosth.，故正确答案为A。答案：A\n5．want和(would)like后的不定式在省略后常要保留to，但在从句中却常常一起省略Comewhenyouwant.想来你就来。Comeandstayaslongasyoulike.你来吧，想住多久就住多久。\n6．wouldrather，hadbetter，wouldrather...than和置于句首的ratherthan之后的to常省略IwouldratherstayathomeandwatchTV.我宁愿留在家里看电视。Ratherthanruntheriskoflosingeverythingtheyaccepthisterm.他们宁可接受他的条件，也不愿冒失去一切的风险。\n7．几个不定式并列时，只在第一个不定式前加to，其他不定式前的to常省去Itisverykindofyoutocomeandseeme.你来看我真是太好了。\nThelawrequiresgovernmentstoincreaseinvestmentinpublictransport，____servicesandencouragepeopletousepublictransport.A．improveB．toimproveC．improvingD．havingimproved答案：A\n8．在不定式作表语，且主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，to可以省去Allyoudois(to)completetheform.你现在做的是填好这张表。\n※八、介词的省略※（考点）1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.\n2.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thisway.\n八、会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。--Doyoulikethisshirt?--Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.(Come)Thisway,please.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losingherbicycle(madehersoupset).\n省略句练习题\n1.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenB\n2.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedinC\n3.---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingitB\n4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoA\n5.Whatwouldhavehappened________,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC\n6.---Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?---________.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.IbelievenotD\n7.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and________.A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhiteC\n8.---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes,just________.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.afewC\nThanksforyourlistening!