高中英语冠词用法ppt课件 93页

冠词的用法\n一.概念：冠词属于虚词，放在名词之前，用以说明名词所表示的人或事物。二.特点冠词不能单独使用或作为句子成分，在句中一般不重读。三.分类：不定冠词：a/an定冠词：the\n区别不定冠词a和an，基本含义是“一、一个”，表示泛指。定冠词the，基本含义是“这个，那个”，表示特指。\n（一）不定冠词a/an的用法1.a用于辅音发音开头的词前,如：abook,ahotel,aknifean用于元音发音开头的词前，如：anapple,anhour,anhonour,anhonestboy,anumbrella\n1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音[ju:]或[ju]前面用冠词a，u读[۸]时前面用冠词an。不定冠词的用法\n2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f[ef],h[eit],l[el],n[en],r[a:],s[es],x[eks]。Thereisan“R”intheword.ThisisaEuropeancountry.European词首字母不发音，[j]是辅音音素。Thisisaone-eyeddog.one[w]是辅音音素。不定冠词的用法\naD[di:]一个DB、C、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、ZanF[ef]一个FA、E、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X\na和an的区别a用在辅音音素前。注意，这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音，不是指辅音字母。an用在元音音素前（不是元音字母）。\n例子ausefultoolauniversityaEuropeancountryaone-armedman\n不定冠词用法详细说明1.表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前Thereisapictureonthewall.Hehasanappleinhishand.\n注意1). a(an)虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。Iboughtacomputer.Iboughtonecomputer.2).表示数量对比时，要用one,不用a(an)。Ihavearedpencil,butshehasthree.（误）Ihaveoneredpencil,butshehasthree.（正）\n2.表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个，a或an不必翻译Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.Anelephantisstrongerthanahorse.Ateachermustbestrictwithhisstudents.\n3.第一次提到某人或某物第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。Agirlwantstoseeyou.Onacoldeveningastrangercametomyhouse.\n4.表示身份、职业不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。Sheisahighschoolteacher.TheWhiteswantedtheirdaughtertobeamusician.Hisfatherisawriter.\n表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。Heiscaptainoftheteam.ZhangFeiismonitoroftheirclass.注意\n5.用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人AMr.Greencalledyoujustnow.一位格林先生刚才给你打电话。AMr.Smithwantedtoseeyou.有位史密斯先生想要见你。\n6.不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”Wehavethreemealsaday.Theymeteachotheronceamonth.Thecarmoved100milesanhour.\n7.用于某些结构中不定冠词用在下列结构中：结构：sucha/an+单数可数名词quitea/an+单数可数名词rathera/an+单数可数名词Itissuchafineday.多么晴朗的一天。Heisquiteanhonestman.他是个非常诚实的人。Heisratheragentleman.他真是一位绅士。\n注意名词前若有形容词修饰，不定冠词a(an)可以放在quite,rather前面或后面。Itisratheradifficultproblem.Itisaratherdifficultproblem.\n8.用于某惯用短haveacold havearest  休息一下haveafever  发烧haveatoothache  牙痛haveatalk 谈话goforawalk 散步takeabath  洗澡tellalie  撒谎waitamoment  等一会儿asaresult  因此forawhile  一会儿\nforamoment一会儿haveatry试一下haveagoodtime玩得高兴havealook看一看dosb.afavour帮某人忙takeanactivepartin积极参加asawhole作为整体onceuponatime从前inaword总之\n9. 与so,as,too,how等连用时的位置如果修饰名词的形容词前有so,as,too,how等副词，不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之前。结构：so/as/too/how+形容词+a(an)+名词HeisascleveraboyasTom.Itissohighawallthatwecan'tclimbit.Howbeautifulabirdis!Itistoowideariverformetoswimacross.\n注意half常放在不定冠词前，但在美国英语中，half也可放在不定冠词后。halfanapple半个苹果ahalfapplehalfaday 半天ahalfdayhalfanhour  半个小时ahalfhourhalfamile  半英里ahalfmile\n.不定冠词的用法歌曰：不定冠词两变体，用a或an都表“一”；可数名词首次提，何人何物不具体；某类人、物任一个，有时还要表“每一”。.a和an的选用与巧记歌曰：冠词a，an两顶帽，单数名词常需要；单词开头发元音，an帽儿任你挑；辅音起首戴a帽，记住规律莫乱套。注：a,an用在单数可数名词前。读音以辅音音素开头的名词前用a；读音以元音音素开头的词前用an。\n分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。不定冠词的用法例1Jack’sfatheris_____doctor.A.aB.anC.someD./\n例2Thereis____“f”and____“u”intheword“four”.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,anD.a,an分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。不定冠词的用法\n例3---Whynottake____friendwithyou?---That’s____goodidea.A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a分析使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。不定冠词的用法\n例4Takethemedicinethreetimes____day.A.aB.theC.anD./分析使用不定冠词表示单位，fiftymilesanhour，twiceaweek。不定冠词的用法\n例5.Englishis_____language.Itis_____importanttool.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,/分析alanguage意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。不定冠词的用法\n例6____steelworkermakessteel.A./B.AC.ThisD.That分析a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中asteelworker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式：Abikeisslowerthanacar.Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.Bikesareslowerthancars.不定冠词的用法\n例7Tomhas____highfeverandhismotherislookingafterhim.A.aB.theC.anD./分析表示生什么病前应用a,haveaheadache,haveacold。不定冠词的用法\n例8Marytakes____walkaftersuppereveryday.A.theB.aC./D.one分析give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。haveatalk(bath,look);makealiving(promise);takeaswim(walk,rest)giveatalk(whistle,smile)不定冠词的用法\n真题训练1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./\n真题训练3.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an4.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./\n（二）定冠词的用法1.表示特指的人或物Pleasehandmethekeyonthedesk.Thegirlinredishissister.Thebuildingoverthereisthetallestinthetown.Ilikethemusicofthefilm.\n2.表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物Shutthedoor,please.Hashereturnedthebook?Taketheblueone,itischeaper.\n3.第二次提到某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词，第二次提到时要用定冠词。Hesawahouseinthedistance.Jim'sparentslivedinthehouse.Therewasonceanoldfisherman.Theoldfishermanhadacat.Thecatwaswhite.\n4.用在世界上独一无二的名词前thesun太阳,theearth地球,themoon月亮,thesky天空,theworld世界Themoongoesroundtheearth.Thereisnotanycloudinthesky.Itwasafinedayinspring.Thesunshonebrightly.Heistherichestmanintheworld.\n5.用在表示方向、方位的名词前theeast东方，thewest西方，thesouth南方，thenorth北方，theright右边，theleft左边Thebirdsareflyingtothenorth.Themoonrisesinthewestandsetsintheeast.Walkalongtheroadandtakethefirstturningontheright.Hestoodatthebackofthedoor.\n注意方位词成对使用构成平行结构时，不用定冠词。Theriveristwothousandkilometerslongfromwesttoeast.Theytraveledthroughthecountryfromsouthtonorth.\n6.用在形容词最高级前Summeristhehottestseasonoftheyear.Sheisthebestpersonforthejob.Hangzhouisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.Thecaristhemostexpensiveofthefour.\n7.用在序数词等前定冠词用在序数词前，也用在表示序列的next,last等前，还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。ThefirstmantolandonthemoonisanAmerican.Thismaybethelastchance.IfImissthistrainI'llcatchthenextone.Heistheonlypersonwhoknowsthesecret.Thetwocoatsareofthesamecolour.ThisistheverybookIwant.（用very表示强调，正是）\n注意序数词表示“又一”时，前面用不定冠词a(an)Heboughtasecondpairofshoes.Heaskedaquestion,thenasecond,thenathird…\n9.用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别Theorangeisakindoffruit.Thehorseisausefulanimal.注意不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。Adogisafaithfulanimal.Dogsarefaithfulanimals.\n10.用在乐器名词前，表示演奏Shecanplaythepiano.Heplayedtheguitar.注意乐器名词表示具体的器物或表示课程时，不加the。Heboughtapianolastmonth.Shetaughtpianointheschool.\n11.用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前theYangtzeRiver长江theRedSea红海theWestLake西湖thePacific太平洋theHimalayas喜马拉雅山theNile尼罗河theRockyMountains落基山脉theSouthChinaSea 南中国海注意例外的情况mountTai泰山\n12.用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前theGreatWall长城theUnitedNations 联合国theNewYorkTimes  《纽约时报》theUnitedStatesofAmerica  美国theOlympicGames 奥林匹克运动会thePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theNorthPole 北极thePeople'sDaily  《人民日报》\n13.用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念theoldthesickthepoortheagedtheyoungtherichtheblindthewoundedTherichshouldhelpthepoor.Thegoodiswhatpeoplelike.Thewoundedhavebeensenttothehospital.\n14.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人TheGreenswillmovetothecountry.TheWangscametoseeusyesterday.TheBrownsareveryfriendly.\n15.用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位名词前动词(hit,pull,,strike,catch,hold,take)+sb.+介词(in,on,by,across)+身体部位比如takesb.bythearmhitsb,inthefaceShetouchedhimontheshoulder.Thestonestruckthemanintheeye.Icaughtherbytherighthand.Shepattedtheboyonthehead.\n16.用在表示自然现象的名词前therainthewindthefogthesnowtheairthestormthesnowstormDon'tstandintherain.Thewindblewdownthetrees. Theshipsankinthestorm.Therainhascleanedtheair.\n17.用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数Thewarbrokeoutintheforties.Hewentabroadinthe1980s.Theoldmanisintheseventies.\n18.用在某些习惯用语inthemorning 在上午inthefield  在田野里inthecountry  在乡间inthesun  在阳光下ontheright  在右边bytheway  顺便说一下inthesky  在空中inthedark 在暗处intherain 在雨中intheshade 在阴凉处allthetime  始终inthemiddleof 在中间inthefrontof 在前部inthedaytime  白天at(/in)thebeginning  开始atthemoment   当时，此刻alltheyearround  一年到头onthewayhome 回家途中allthesame 依然onthewhole  总之atthesametime 同时theotherday 前几天atthebottomof  在……底部intheend 终于\n.定冠词的基本用法歌曰：定冠词用法有规律，防止遗忘很容易。特指双方都熟悉，　上文已经被提及。世上无二仅独一，　序数词和最高级。山河海岛建筑物，　姓氏复数奏乐器。少数形表人一类，　方位名词须牢记。普构专有惯用词，　试用此诀有效率。\n例１Thereis___bridgeovertheriver.___bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,AB.a,TheC.the,TheD.the,A分析文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。Ihavealittlebird.Thebirdisyellow.定冠词的用法\n例２___oldworkersunderthattreearefromShanghai.A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That分析名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。Theboyshereareinterestedinsports.定冠词的用法\n例3____firstonesatdownandthesecondstoodup.A.TheB.AC.OneD.An分析序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Maryisthethirdtocomein.定冠词的用法\n例４Winteris____coldestseasonoftheyear.A.aB.theC./D.so分析形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加the。Maryistheonlygirlwhoisoftenlateforclass.定冠词的用法\n例５____moonmovesaround__earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan____sun.A.The,the,theB.A,an,aC.The,an,theD.The,the,a分析定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。定冠词的用法\n例６Welivein____southofChina.A.theB./C.aD.some分析表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。Thesunrisesintheeast.定冠词的用法\n例７____brownsarewatchingTVathomeatthemoment.A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A分析the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。定冠词的用法\n例８Hewillgotoseeyouoffat___RailwayStation.A.aB.anC.theD./分析the＋普通名词构成专有名词。theUnitedStates／theUnitedNationsthePeople’sRepublicofChina定冠词的用法\n例９Iwasplaying____pianoateightyesterdaymorning.A.aB./C.theD.this分析play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。表示数量时可用a。Thisisanewpianoagainstthewall.定冠词的用法\n例10Ourteachergetsupearlyin____morning.A.theB./C.aD.an分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。intheafternoon(evening)／inthedaytimeatthebeginning／intheend定冠词的用法\n例11Thereisalargeshipin____middleoftheriver.A.aB./C.theD.any分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。ontheright(left)/inthefrontofinthemiddleofthemeeting/theforest/atthefootofthehill定冠词的用法\n例12Lastnightwewentto____cinema.A.theB.aC./D.those分析牢记一些固定搭配：gototheconcert(theatre)定冠词的用法\n例13____youngshouldcareforandhelp____old.A.The,aB.The,theC.A,theD.An,an分析the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。thepoor/therich/thesick/thebeautiful定冠词的用法\n例14Thesmalltownlieson____YangtziRiver.A.aB.anC./D.the分析定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。theDeadSea/theBlackSeatheNorthChinaPlain华北平原定冠词的用法\n注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁2)inclass在上课intheclass在班级中\n3)gotoschool去上学gototheschool到那所学校去4)gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed到床那边去5)infrontof在…的前面inthefrontof在…的前部\n（三）零冠词的用法1.专有名词（人名、地名、季节、月份、星期、节日等）前不用冠词1)月份January2)星期MondayFriday3)季节spring summer4)节日ChristmasDayNewYear'sEveNationalDay5)人名MaryJonesMr.BrownPorfessorSmith6)地名Asia亚洲China中国Britain英国Beijing北京NewYork纽约Springiscoming.Thesebirdsflytothesouthinwinter.ShecameonFriday.\n注意1）如果月份、季节名词带有修饰语，表示特定的时间，要加定冠词。季节名词在上下文中表示特定的一段时间，要加定冠词。Theybuiltthebridgeinthespringof2003.2）但要说theSpringFestival，以festival组成的节日名称前要加the.theMid-autumnFestivaltheDragon-boatFestival\n2.物质名词表示一般概念时，不用冠词Waterboilsat100℃. Theyareshortoffood.注意如果物质名词表示特指或有定语修饰，则要加定冠词。Snowisfallinghard.Thesnowinthefieldhasmelted.Shelikesmilkverymuch. Themilkinthebottlehasgonesour.\n3.抽象名词表示一般概念时，不用冠词Friendshipismoreimportantthanmoney.Doeshelikemusic?Knowledgeispower.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.\n注意1）抽象名词有定语修饰，表示特指时，要加定冠词。IlikethemusicoftheTVplay.\n4.表示一类人或物的复数名词前不用冠词Birdsareourfriends.Wearefondofsports.Teachersshouldbekindtotheirstudents.Boysareusuallystrongerthangirls.注意表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法：狗是忠实的动物。Thedogisafaithfulanimal.Adogisafaithfulanimal.Dogsarefaithfulanimals.\n5.表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词Iusuallyhavebreakfastatseven.Hedoesn‘thavelunchathome.Dinnerisready.\n注意1）三餐名词前有定语修饰时，特指某一餐，要用不定冠词。Wehadawonderfullunch.Theyhadanicedinnerlastnight.2）表示某一次具体的餐食，要用定冠词。Thelunchwascookedwell.Didyouenjoythedinnerathishouse?3）meal常同不定冠词连用，泛指一顿饭。Shecooksahotmealintheevening.Hehadabigmealathisuncle's.\n6.表示体育运动、棋牌的名词前不用冠词Heplaysfootballafterschool.Heisgoodatplayingchess.TheyplaycardsonSundays.\n7.表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词SheteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.Chemistryisnoteasytolearn.CanyouspeakJapanese?WehaveChineseandmathsinthemorning.\n8.表示称呼语、职位、头衔的名词前不用冠词Wherearemyshoes,mom?Tom,goandfetchsomewater.Nowchildren,listentomecarefully.Mr.Xuteachesusmaths.PresidentLiwillcometoourclass.Hewasoncemayorofthecity.Theymadehimmonitor.Johnwascaptainoftheteam.\n9.某些交通工具名称前不用冠词bytrain(=inatrain)byship(=inaship)bytaxi(=inataxi)byplane(=inaplane)bybus(=inabus)bybike(=onabike)bycar(=inacar)onfoot步行Igotoschoolbybike.Didyougobyair?Theycamebyland.Thegoodswillbesenttherebywater.表示邮寄方式的名词前也不用冠词。Hesenttheletterbyairmail.\n10.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格时，不可再加冠词。Thisismybook.Tom'smotherisadoctor.Whichbusdidyoutake?\n11.两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词arminarm 臂挽臂sidebyside肩并肩fatherandson父子handinhand手拉手facetoface面对面onebyone一个接一个sunandmoon日月frombeginningtoend自始至终dayandnight　日日夜夜stepbystep循序渐进\n12.某些习惯语中不用冠词gotoschool上学ontime准时atlast终于infact事实上onholiday在度假atfirst　起初loseheart　灰心onfoot　步行introuble处于困境withpleasure乐意地\n1.Writea,anortheWherenecessary.Minalivesina-bigcity.Sheis(1)____eighteen-year-oldgirl.She’sgot.(2)___brotherand(3)___sister.Minais(4)____oldestchildin(5)___family.(6)_____citywhereshelivesisverybig.(7)_____populationismorethan10million.Shehas(9)____jobworkingin(10)___factory.Shehopesthatonedayshewillhave(11)____chancetogoto(12)____school.anaathetheTheTheaaa/\n1.There’snoairorwateron____moon.2.___YellowRiveris___secondlongestriverin___China.3.Mymotherboughtme___verynicebike.Ilike____bikeverymuch.4.XiaoMinglikesplaying____basketball,buthedoesn’tlikeplaying_____piano.theThetheathe/the填入正确的冠词/\n5.Thestudentsdon’thaveclassesin___afternoonon____Saturday.6.IoftenwatchTVin____evening.7.Let’sgooutfor____walk.8.Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch,__coffeeor____milk?the/thea//填入正确的冠词\n1.-Isit___Englishdictionary?-Yes,anditis___usefulone.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an2.There’s___dictionaryon___desknearthewindow.A.a,theB.a,aC.the,aD.the,the3.___earthweliveonisbiggerthan___moon.A.The,aB.The,theC.An,aD.An,the\n4.Ittakesusnearly___hourtogotoKorlaby___air.A.an,aB.a,anC.an,/D.a,the5.Myuncleisn’t___oldman,andhelikesplaying___football.A.a,aB.an,anC.the,theD.an,/6.___carinfrontofourschoolgateis__.A.The,theTurners’B.A,theTurner’sC./,theTurners’D.The,theTurners\n1.Tomorrowis______Teachers'Dayandwe'llmake______cardforourEnglishteacher.2.Thebusisrunningaboutseventymiles_____hour.3.Maryisinterestedin______science.4.Somepeopledon'tliketotalkat______table.5.LastnightIwentto______bedverylate.6.Don'tworry.Westillhave______littletimeleft./aan///a\n7.What______beautifulday!Andwhat______fineweather!8.In______winteritiscoldin______Beijingandwarmin________Shanghai.9.Johnis______cleverestboyinhisclass.10.Wecan'tlivewithout______wateror______air.11.TomorrowMr.SmithwillleaveParis,______capitalof______France,forWashingtonby______air.12.Wewerehaving______lunchwhentheycamein.a////the//the///\n13.Thisis______bookyougavemelastweek.14.Whatdidyoudo______lastSaturday?15.March8is______Women'sDay.16.If______weatherisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.17.Ipreferplaying______pianotoplaying______basketball.18.At______ageoffive,hereadalotofbooks.19.TomandLucyareof______sameage.20.______harderwestudy,______morewelearn.the//thethe/thetheThethe