高中英语：非谓语动词课件 85页

非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs\n非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式\n1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.\n1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词划分句子成分非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.\n4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.I’mgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）\n12.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语）(作宾语）(作宾补）(作表语）(作状语）(作定语）\n动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.被动式：tobedone完成式：tohavedone二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。\n动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补\n(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountains\n句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.\n常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promise(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.\nB.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihopeyou’lladvisemewhattodo.Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.\nbeginstartcontinue+tododoing注意下列动词①\n②likelovehatepreferlearn+tododoing\n③rememberforgetregret+tododoing\n④trymeanstopgoon+tododoing\n1.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Remember_______thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff\n(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mother told me___come back before10 o’clock.2.I’ll get someone___repair the recorderfor you.3.What caused him___change his mind?4.I wish you___come as soon as possible.5.Heaskedme___dotheworkwithhim\nadviseallowaskbegcauseexpectencourageforcegethateinviteorderwishobligewantwarnremindpromisepermitpersuaderequest…sb.todo\nseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.+dodoingdonemakelethave\nsb.beseenwatchedlookedatheardlistenedtofeltnoticed+todomadelet\n2).I often hear them (sing) thissong.Did you notice anyone (come )in ?I would have him (wait) for me for a long time.Look at the horse jump.注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：Heisoftenheard________thesong·He was seen _______ the room.tosingto enter\n4.it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.1.We thought ___ better ___ start early.2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go?3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.4.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.5.Iknow__impossible__finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.\n用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Letme______(help)you_______(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywouldlove_______(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate______(cry),todayhewasmade_______(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_______intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_______outofthewindow.nottolookB.tonotlookC.don'tlookD.notlookhelp(to)watertotakecrytocry\n5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?(区别主被动）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词Heislookingforaroomtolivein.\n1.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_______?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）towriteontowritewith动词不定式做定语\n注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．(5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。Icameheretoseeyou．Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim．(目的)(原因)(结果)(条件)\n动名词（gerund）一.动名词的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.\n2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.三.动名词的功用1.可作主语①SeeingisbelievingReadingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...①Itisnousecrying.②Itisnogoodobjecting③Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.\n2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过(少)延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成(多)练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定(与)嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险(莫)原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持(不)在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.人们不准在这儿钓鱼。\nprefer…..to…..lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doinge.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.\n③主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.++doingbeworth(值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)\nd）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？Stop；forget；try；Mean；goon；OthersExamples\n五.动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.\n分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：规则动词V+ed不规则动词3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。\n现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater\n二、分词的作用1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。\nThebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.\n（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题  （既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。\n3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。\nA）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.\nHearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews\nGivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention\nBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry\nTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheyweresinginglaughing\nToservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell\n将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,\n2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,\nHestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime\n将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.\n4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwasbad-lyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.\n不定式时态、语态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态Hewantedtoseeyou2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingabookHeissaidtobewritinganovel3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时Heissaidtohavewrittenanovel.I’msogladtohaveseenyou.Thegroundissowet,Itmusthaverainedlastnight不定式被动语态的用法.A,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态SheaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet(宾语)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish(或叫合Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere(主语)\n句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebooktoread\Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,Thehouseistolet\Themanageristoblame.\Thereasonisnotfartoseek.4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看Thereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西\n分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态1.Lookingoutofthewindow,Icanseemanycarsandbuses.2.SeenfromthetopofDragonTower,Harbinlooksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_______manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_______bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.Beingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.ThehousebeingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.Passingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.\nTask:completethefollowingsentences1.“＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（你有衣服要洗吗）?themaidasked.2.________________(没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3.________________(正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4.________________(被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproblem____________________(很难算出）.6.Shewasangryfor__________________(没有被邀请）totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_________________(没人看到）8.Theflat_________________(出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_________________(应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof____________________(被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_________________(假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书）13.SongDandanissaid_______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书）14._________________(从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._________________(从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._________________(他有很多活要干）.Don’tbotherhim.17._________________(他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenistoletistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedone\n分词的时态和语态构成（以study和go为例）及物与不及物动词语态时态类别及物动词不及物动词主动语态被动语态主动语态现在分词一般式studyingbeingstudiedgoing完成式havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggoing过去分词一般式studiedgone\n被动式：beingdone表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfather’sletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.\n独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.\n1．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.\n（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.\n（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.\n2．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.\n（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.\n4）with+名词/代词+形容词Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.\n（6）with+名词/代词+-en分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名词/代词+不定式Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.\n3.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。\nThanksalot!\n不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpe2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：IsthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematchShedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.\n不定式、动名词用作主语1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作\nA:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.\n动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.\n小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth\ntodo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作，通常1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis______(bite)nails（指甲）.作表语\n（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.\n2。不定式作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1）你这么说真是太好了（2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3）我们学好英语是必要的（4）你们学好英语语法并不难3.固定句型1.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.2.It’sveryfoolishofhimtosaysuchthings3.ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell4.It’snotdifficultforyoutolearnwellEnglishgrammar（1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.IttakesLiLeitwoandahalfhourstocompletehishomework.2.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishwritingyourcomposition?\n不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定语不定式作定语时， 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do. Here are some books for you to read.She was the first person to think of the idea.They made a plan to study English .He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.\n1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.I’mverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome\n1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost\n动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时tomaketobemade进行时tobemaking完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade完成进行时tohavebeenmaking\nWhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．Aftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.\n选出下面习题正确答案1-I’mhungry,andIwanttoeatthecake.-What!itisnotgood_______A.foreatingB.tobeeatenC.toeatD.ateating2It’simportant_____andhelpful.A.tokindB.bekindC.kindD.tobekind3.IttookAliceandmeanhour______outtheproblem.A.toworkB.workingC.workD.forworking.4.Ifounditveryimportant______Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned5.It’sverynice_____youto______meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tell\n怎样区分动名词和现在分词Myjobisteaching.换位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.≠ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表语作定语⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachine＝amachineforwashing\n四.动名词的时态和语态完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidin’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidn’tmindbeingcalledahousewife\n找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.状语定语状语宾语(宾语)补语定语\n3）作表语:S.+be+doingMyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Mygreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.4）作定语:S.+v.+doing+n.Doesheworkinthereading-room?Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.Hisgrandfatherhasabamboowalkingstick.