高中英语情态动词课件精品 51页

Grammar\n情态动词用法\n情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。\n1.can1)表能力can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。Icanclimbthispole.Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.Firecan’tdestroygold.can和could：\n2)表推测、可能性用于否定与疑问结构中Canthenewsbetrue?Itcan’tbetrue.Whatcanhepossiblymean?他可能是什么意思?can用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。AhouseinthecenterofLondoncancostalotofmoney.Attendingtheballcanbeveryexciting.Theroadcanbeblocked.\n3)表示请求或允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。Can(May)Icomein?我能进来吗?CanIsmokehere?我可以在这里抽烟吗?\n2)could的主要用法是：A.could是can的过去式,表示与过去有关的能力和推测:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’tbeadoctor.B.could可以代替can表示请求、“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法\nCouldyoulendmeyourdictionary?CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,youcan.I’mafraidIcouldn’tgiveyouananswertoday.\nCan与beabletodo的区别时态：can只有现在时和过去(could),beabletodo有多种时态。（在将来时，完成时以及非谓语动词中应该用beabletodo.）e.g.Sofar,doctorshavebeenabletodoverylittletotreat(治疗)thiskindofdisease(疾病).\nCan表示一贯的能力，beableto表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力1.Ican’tswim.ButIamsureIwillbeabletoswimthroughmorepracticing.2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotel,buteveryonewasabletogetout3.Whentheboatsankhewasabletoswimtothebank\nYoucan’tbetoocarefulShecouldn’tbutagreetomyidea.Thegirlcouldn’thelpcrying.Ican’tthankyouenough.Thefilmcouldn’tbeanyworse.Iburstoutlaughing;Icouldn’thelpitCan或could的否定形式构成习惯短语Can’t...too...Can’t....enough...无论怎样。。。也不过分。。。Can’t(help)butdo不得不做，只好做Can’thelpdoing情不自禁Can’thelpit没有办法Can’t...+比较级再。。。不过了（表示最高级）\nmay和might：may常用来表示：A.表示请求、允许;比can较为正式MayIcomein?Youmaygonow.(给予许可）B.表示说话人的猜测:“也许”“可能”:通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。\neg.--IbelievethemanisfromEngland.--ButImaybewrong.Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon.在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。如：Wherecanhebe?他会在哪呢？\nC.表示祝愿;但语气较正式:eg.Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!might的用法有:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如:Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.她说他可以拿她的自行车去用\n表示现在的许可,语气比may较委婉,一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句),不可用于肯定句或者否定句。如:MightIhaveawordwithyou?我可以和你说句话吗？\nYoumaywellberightThereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.Thefilmissoboring,andwemightaswellnothavecometoseeit.Maywell很可能、有充分的理由可以May/mightaswell最好，不妨Mightaswellhavedone还不如May...do/be...祝愿\n当回答由may引起的问题时，否定答语要用mustnot,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、“不行”。MayIcomein?Yes,youmay.No,youcan’tNo,youmaynot.No,youmustn’tNo,you’dbetternot.\nwill和would：1.will是助动词或是情态动词？will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。eg.Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.我要告诉你一些重要的事。（助动词）\nWillyoutellherthatI'mhere?请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？（情态动词）\nIfyougivehimtime,Tomwilltalkandtalkforhours.EverySaturdayeveningtheywillplaychesstogetherThedoorwon’topenI’lldomybesttohelpyou.Willyoupleasegivemeamessagewhenyouseehim?---Writetomewhenyougethome.---Iwill经常性习惯性“老是、总是、终归是表示功能，译作“能”或“行”意愿2人称，询问对方意愿或向对方提出请求回答祈使句\nWould表示有礼貌的请求或邀请（2人称）Wouldyouhelpus,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？WhenIhadsometrouble,hewouldencourageme.Wealltriedtoatophimsmokinginbedbuthewouldn’tlisten.过去的习惯意愿“要；愿”\nWould与Usedtodo区别———“过去常常”Would------过去习惯的动作（现在有可能还有此习惯）Usedtodo--------过去习惯的动作及状态（现在已经没有此习惯）\ne.g.Hewouldgetupat8a.m.(现在有可能还在坚持此习惯)e.g.Heusedtogetupat8a.m.（现在已经不再坚持此习惯）动作e.g.ThereusedtobeanoldbuildingherewhenIwasyoung.状态\nshall和should：1.shall用于构成将来时是助动词。shall用于征求对方的意见，表示“决心”是情态动词。eg:PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。（构成一般将来时,助动词）\nShallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）Ishallgoatonce.我必须立即去。（表“决心”，情态动词）\n1)用于第一、三人称征求对方的意见，WhatshallIwearonthejourney?Shallwedance?2)shall用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁。“必须，应该可以”Ifhepassestheexamination,heshallhaveaholiday.Youshallhaveitbacktomorrow.\n3）用于第二、三人称用于法律法规条例等文件中的要求。“应该、必须”It’srequiredinourregulationthatstudentsshallgotoschoolontime.Personsunder18shan’tbeemployedinnightwork.\n2.should表示义务、建议、劝告等，意为“应该”。(oughtto)Studentsshouldrespectteachers.Theboysshouldn’tbeplayingfootball;theyshouldbeatschool.It’s4:30,TheyshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.Heoughttosucceed,asheissodiligent.Itisstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.Idon’tunderstandwhysheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwillbepostponed.劝告、建议义务、责任常规、常理的推测（正常情况下）按理应该居然，竟然与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等“究竟是，到底”用于条件句中“万一”\nmust和have to1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用needn’t或don’thaveto，做 “不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”—MustI finish all assignments at a time?—Yes,youmust.No, youneedn't.\nIdon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和have to稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。\nYoumustbe the new teacher.Hemustbe joking.There is nobody here. Theymust have allgonehome.3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone\nHemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite.—Howoldareyou,madam?—Ifyoumustknow,I'mtwicemyson'sage.4.must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情\nneed与dare实义动词情态动词\n实义动词vs情态动词肯定句实情e.g.Sheneedstostayathometoday.e.g.Hedarestojumpfromthehighwall.e.g.Sheneedstayathometoday.e.g.Hedarejumpfromthehighwall.\n疑问句e.g.Doessheneedtostayathometoday?e.g.Doeshedaretojumpfromthehighwall?e.g.Needshestayathometoday?e.g.Darehejumpfromthehighwall?实情\n否定句Dare作为实意动词的时候，否定句中的to可以省略e.g.Hedoesn’tdare(to)jumpfromthehighwall.实e.g.Shedoesn’tneedtostayathometoday.e.g.Hedoesn’tdaretojumpfromthehighwall\n情e.g.Sheneedn’tstayathometoday.e.g.Hedarenotjumpfromthehighwall.\n1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthestreetsarewet.2.Itis8o’clock.theymayhavearrived3.Helooksveryhappy.Hemightnothaveknowntheresult4.Hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.5.Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Canshehavebeenill?6.Theylefthereearlyandshouldhavearrivedbynow情态动词表推测对过去情况的推测\n7.youmighthavewrittentheletterwithoutmyremindingyouofit.8.Thedoctorcouldhaveavoidedtheaccident9.youshouldhavefinishedthetaskyesterday.10Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.youshouldn’thavelefthomewithoutaword11.Heoughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm过去本可能（不用may)过去本能够…却没有过去本应该…却没有过去本不该…过去本不该…\nItwasnotcoldyesterday.Ineedn’thavetakenthethicksweatersoutItwasnotcoldyesterday.Ididn’tneedtotakethethicksweatersout过去本不必…,却做了.过去不必做,实际也没有做\n表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句Hemust/maybeintheroom,isn’the?Hecan’tbeintheroom,ishe?Hemusthavefinishedthework,hasn’the?Hemayhavedonetheworklastnight,didn’the?Hemusthavebeencaughtintheheavyrainlastnight,____________wasn’the\n----____Igoouttoplay,mum?----No,you___.Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustn’tD.Need;mustn’tBPractice\n2.---WhereisEmma?---Ican’tsayforsurewheresheis,butshe___beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.mayD\n3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.A.can’thavebeenB.couldn’tbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbeA\n4.How____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.mayA\n5.There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’tC\n6.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourney.()A.can'tbeB.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeenD7.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.()A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoD\n8.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysure.mustB.canC.mayD.willC9.---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you____.A.willB.couldC.mayD.mightC10.Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.mightB.shouldC.canD.willA\n11.--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tA12.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needB\n13.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegoneD14.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn'tB\n15.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_____?A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’ttheyD16.Imissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadtoD