高中英语阅读技巧经典课件 29页

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧\n考纲要求：阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。\n主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型命题类阅读理解命题特点：推理判断型观点态度型\n一:主旨大意题\n1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:MainIdea/BestTitle\nHowtofindthemainideaofapassageSometimesthefirstsentenceofapassageisthetopicsentenceSometimesthelastsentenceisthetopicsentenceSometimesthetopicsentenceisinthemiddleofapassageSometimesyouhavetoputseveralkeysentencestogethertogetthemainideaSometimesyoucan’tfindthetopicsentenceinthepassage.Youhavetosumitupyourself.\n练中学Sample1Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Noteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主题句出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。\n应试技巧如何寻找主题句Sample2Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven‘teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti意大利式面条,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.（2）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。\nSample3TigersarefoundinmanyAsiancountries．Intheforestandgrasslands，atigerishardtosee．Atiger'sgoldencolouredcoatwithitsdarkstripesisnoteasilyseenforitshairisthesamecolourasthebladesofyellowishgrassandpatchesofdeepshadow．Thiscamouflage（伪装）isveryimportantbecausetigersarehunters．Ifotheranimalscouldseeatigercoming，theywouldquicklyrunaway．Thetigerhasverystrong，sharpteethwhichareusedforseizingandeatingtheanimalsitcatches．Thebesttitleforthispassageis______．A．TigersandOtherSmallAnimalsB.SomethingaboutTigersC．Tigers'CamouflageD．HowTigersLive\nsample4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.（2Min）Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail\n二：事实细节型\n1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_____.4.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat______.5.Choosethebestorder.6.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how...?Skills:1.usescanningtofindouttheanswerdirectly2.getridofthewrongones在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：\n大体可分为直接理解题和语义转换题，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。事实细节型提问方式灵活多样，涉及文章当中的各种细节，如时间，地点，原因，方式等。\n细节理解应注意的问题：1）首先要从问题中找出关键词，运用略读的技巧在文中查找这一细节，并仔细阅读，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别。2）此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。\nManyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstation(加油站)about50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台),Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.60.TheauthorplannedtostopatOklahomaCity_______.A.tovisitafriendB.toseehisparentsC.topayorthecashregisterD.tohavemoregasforhiscarPassage1\nPassage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275\n三：词义猜测型\n要求正确理解短文中一些关健词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。1透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境判断理解，推敲斟酌，最后确定含义。2要熟悉常见的设问形式：1)Theunderlinedwordinthe…paragraphrefersto/means________.2)Whatdoes“______”inparagraph…standfor/mean?3)“______”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?4)Theexpression/phrase“_______”means______.5)Theword“______”isclosestinmeaningto______.词句理解题解题方法\n1.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．“homely”means“”.ugly（反义词、同义词）反义词常见信号词：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；同义词常见信号词：or,namely,thatis,i.e.,thatistosay,等。\n2.Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous．Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest比赛．“gorgeous”means3.Todaywasaveryhecticdayforme．Iwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothes．IdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytired．“hectic”means“”.beautiful（根据上下文）（根据常识）busy\nHowtoguessthemeaningofwords?\n四：推理判断型\n推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型正确选项一般不是文中的原句\n推理判断型常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?\n“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging“saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethewake-upcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug（病毒）maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful（有害的）.Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1(09全国Ⅰ)67.Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe.A.shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAmericaB.mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC.shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD.mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseases(absolute)(absolute)(wrong)\n五：观点态度型\n既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。理解作者的观点和态度题主要形式:1.Theauthor’sviewis…2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat…3.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout….?4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?常见表达态度的词语：Oppositeoptimisticobjectivepessimistic相反的乐观的悲观的\nWhyisn'tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurderbribery（行贿），anddeath．Frankly,I'msickofallthisbadnews．Attitudeinferences（根据能表达作者态度的词推断）Thisauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto______ ．A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform\nLearntoapplytheseskillstofinishexercisesonReadingComprehension.PracticemakesPerfect!Conclusion: