高中虚拟语气讲解课件[1] 52页

Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气\nWemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.陈述语气祈使语气虚拟语气英语动词有种语气三\n虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood\n虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。\n与现在相反与过去相反与将来相反If从句主句did（be用were)had+donedid（be用were)wereto+doshould+doWould＋do(should/could/might)Would/should/could/might+doWould＋have+done(should/could/might)1.If引导的条件状语从句（1）\nIfhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.IfIwonthelotterynow,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.现在事实相反过去事实相反将来事实相反\nIfyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet高手过招\nIwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehadIfit______tomorrow,Iwouldn’tattendtheparty.A.rainB.rainsC.hadrainedD.weretorain\n注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.\n（2.）省略if的条件从句IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…Shouldhefailintheexperiment…\n省略if的条件从句IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchfoolishmistakes.HadIfollowedyouradvice,…\n（3.）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。含蓄条件句but that（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则）、or（不然）、under．．．circumstances（在……的情况下）、in the past（在过去）相当于ifitweren’t/hadn’tbeenfor..e.g.:Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.\n（4)有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。e.g.:Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.\n2.名词性从句的虚拟语气(1).Wish引导的宾语从句与现在 事实相反 ：过去时（were）与过去事实相反：had+过去分词与将来 事实相反 ：would/could/might+Ve.g.:IwishIwereabird.Iwishhehadn‘tdonethat.(do)IwishIwouldberichinthefuture.\nIwishI_____tohaveawordwithDannywhenhewasherelastweek.hadbeenableshouldbeablehavebeenablewereable\nHowIwishI_____aswellasshe.shallsingcansingcouldsingshouldsing\n（2)表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire\nWesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.\nIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事”时，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。HispalefacesuggestedthathewasillTheboyinsistedthathewasright.\n1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalsatonce.obeywasbesent\n（3）在主语从句表语从句，同位语从句中的应用1）在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。demand(要求),desire(请求),requirment(要求)advice(劝告),recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)order(命令)necessity(必要地),preference(优先)proposal(计划),plan(计划),idea(办法)，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。\nThesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone．Theadviceisthatwe(should可省略，)leaveatonce.Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.(idea,should+get)(表示做出主意)Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.\n2）在主语从句中Itisimportant/necessary/strange/nature/desiredthat…that引导的从句中的谓语动词用should+v。Itisnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.Itisnaturalthatshebetakengoodcareof.Itisimportantthatweshouldtakecareofthepatient.\n3.状语从句1)as if／as though引导的状语从句as if／as though（仿佛、好像）引起方式状语从句，a．一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）b．过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）c．would＋do（表示与将来事实相反）\nYou lookas ifyouhad seena ghost．Helooksasifhewerehisfather.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.Heseemedasthoughhehadknowneverything.Itlooksasifitwouldbethelastdayforhim.Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.Note:如果句子表示的是陈述语气，事实则要用陈述语气e.g.:Itlooksasifitisgoingtorainbecausetherearealotofdarkclouds.\n2)．lest／in case／for fear that引导的状语从句lest（以防、以免）、in case（万一、以防）、for fear that（因恐、免得）引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要使用（should）＋do的形式。The old woman walked slowlylest she（should）slip．Hetookenoughmoneyforfearthatunexpectedthingsshouldhappen.Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.\n4.定语从句It’s(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用一般过Itishightimewebegantowork.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimewewenthome.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.\n虚拟语气特殊句型：5.ifonly现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewoulddoIfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!\n6.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone\n1.Withoutsunlight,orwaterorair,there___nolifeontheearth.AwillhaveBwouldbeCcanbeDmustbe2Butforthesnow,we___earlier.AwillarriveBwouldhavearrivedCarriveDarrived\n1.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takesB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastoldDB\n判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间Pass!虚拟语气应试对策\n1.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he___thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold,we___everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changedPractise\n3.Ifyou__thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wouldn’tseenD.hadn’tseen\n4.Youarelate.Ifyou__alittleminutesearlier,you__him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet\n5.Butforthestorm,we__apleasantjourney.A.shouldhaveB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.shouldhavehad6.___todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI\n7.Withoutthecomputer,theproblem__insuchashorttime.A.couldn’tbesolvedB.wouldn’thavesolvedC.couldn’thavebeensolved\n8.Withoutelectricity,humanlife__quitedifferenttoday.A.willbeB.weretobeC.wouldbeD.is\n9.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_______youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize\n10.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept\n11.Iadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish12Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould\n13.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.A.notwentB.won'tgoC.notgoD.nottogo\n14.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished15.Thecommanderorderedthatwe_____work.A.mustfinishB.finishedC.shouldfinishD.couldfinish\n16.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDis17.Heinsistshe______right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.is\n18.Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry\n19Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonceforIraq.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.tobeleft\n20.Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting______.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff\n21.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn‘thavelosthisjob.(2010,天津)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow22.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010,重庆)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold\n23.Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010,陕西)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken24.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.(2010,浙江)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved\n25.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left26.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft\n27.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome28.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe\n脚踏实地迎接高考