初高中英语衔接教学ppt课件 57页

初高中英语衔接知识讲座江苏省滨海中学陈法兵\n语音\n一、音素和音节48个音素：20个元音，28个辅音。音标是标记每个词或字母的读音的书面符号，放在【】或//内。称为国际音标。元音单元音(长、短)前元音中元音后元音双元音\n辅音清辅音浊辅音爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音\n舌侧音半元音二、音节：由一个元音或一个元音和一个或几个辅音构成。音节重读音节非重读音节开音节闭音节\n开音节：①以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。②一个元音字母后又有一个辅音字母（r除外）再加e的重读音节。闭音节：以一个元音字母，后面又跟一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）的重读音节。\n三、元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音：重读开音节重读闭音节a【】【】e【】【】i【】【】o【】【】u【】【】【】y【】【】\n一、音素和音节48个音素：20个元音，28个辅音。音标是标记每个词或字母的读音的书面符号，放在【】或//内。称为国际音标。元音单元音(长、短)前元音中元音后元音双元音\n辅音清辅音浊辅音爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音\n舌侧音半元音二、音节：由一个元音或一个元音和一个或几个辅音构成。音节重读音节非重读音节开音节闭音节\n开音节：①以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。②一个元音字母后又有一个辅音字母（r除外）再加e的重读音节。闭音节：以一个元音字母，后面又跟一个或几个辅音字母（r除外）的重读音节。\n三、元音字母在重读开、闭音节中的读音：重读开音节重读闭音节a【】【】e【】【】i【】【】o【】【】u【】【】【】y【】【】\n四、字母组合的读音1、r字母组合字母组合发音例词ar【】er【】ir【】or【】ur【】\n2、a字母组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词aiaualawairayareass\n3、e字母组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词eeeareaeireieerewere\n4、o和i字母组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词oaoooiowoyighououghoul\n5、辅音字母及其组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词pfbvtsdzktrgdr\n5、辅音字母及其组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词tshdsjmrnquwckysh\n5、辅音字母及其组合字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词cghgknlngsthchxwrwh\n6、某些字母及其组合的特殊读音字母组合发音例词字母组合发音例词aoalouarghorseagndgetchmbtition\n7、-s(es)结尾与-ed结尾的读音加s(es)加ed结尾是清辅音结尾是浊辅音结尾是s/x/ch/sh结尾是t/d\n根据拼读规则读出下列单词：talesightingwitnesscasemurderprogresslatelythickstatedustydarkbackpackbitenotesunrisedawnspotclaimformbraveartistfresharmypicktaskindeed\n五、因名词复数、合成词、派生词等引起的因变\n根据拼读规则读出下列单词：millheedleakbidtankgeesepodsoughtsummateguardpeachdinelapcopfaithsighseizemashrakelatchcheervainwed\n语法\n词类实词名词nounn.代词pron.数词num.形容词adj.或a.副词adv.或ad.动词verbv.vt.vi.虚词冠词art.介词prep.连词conj.感叹词int.\n说出下列单词的词性：discoverdialoguebananabutelevenfromhappynowwhatwritenearoftenveryshortthinkusuallywhenuntilninththeirbeautyahathedecidepopularstillwellLilyIbeforehardbeyondhairriseraisehappenmustbeshalldoes\n构词法一、合成合成名词basketballspaceshipboyfriendsupermarketgreenhousehandwritingshoemaking合成形容词warm-heartedfive-storeyedman-madefirst-classsecond-handhardworkingnewly-builtwell-knowntwo-dayfive-year-old100-metre合成介词insidethroughoutwithin\n用下列两组词中的任意一个组成一个合成词：☆sunheadearthflashplayhairhandbrainsightsleepfiregoldeverwaterhomecomputer☆quakeshakecutriseacheboylightwashingfishseeingtownwalkingmanlastingproofsick\n构词法二、派生前缀否定前缀unhappyunimportantunknownunlockimpolitemisspelldisagreedisappear非否定前缀encourageenrichenlargeenable\n猜测下列单词的汉语意思：disobeyincompleteirresponsiblenonsmokerunexpectedunforgettableunwrapmisleadmalnutritioncooperatemicrophonemini-skirtoverworkanti-warinterpersonalpost-warpre-schoolrebuildbilingualmultimediasemi-circletricycletelescopeempowerendangervice-presidenttransplant\n后缀名词后缀-er-or-ess-ian-ist-ment–tion-ship-hood-th-ing-ness形容词后缀-able-ible-al-ic-ical-ish-ful-less-ly-en-ern-y-ous-ant-ed-ing副词后缀-lyfully-ward(s)afterwardswestward动词后缀-enreddendeepen数词后缀-teen-ty-th\n构词法三、转化名词转化为动词emailwrong形容词转化为动词slowdown动词转化为名词smelllove形容词转化为名词finaldaily\n猜测下列单词的汉语意思：kingdombraverymouthfulgirlhoodsocialismhardshipLondonerteenagerlionessbookletrefusalstarvationemployeremployeesilencerselfishnesssimple-mindedsuccessfulcolorlessmonkeylikebrotherlyhairydrinkabletalkativequickenbeautifymodernize\n构词法四、缩写和简写1.剪切法photolab2.混成法brunchmotel3.首字母缩略法BBCwwwUFOVIPDIYWTOUNISECO\n猜测下列单词的汉语意思：adprofmemomikestereoflufridgeEUe.g.H.K.L.A.MITIDI.O.U.AIDSAPEC\n句子种类按使用目的和交际功能分陈述句（肯定式、否定式）疑问句祈使句(表示命令、请求等）感叹句（what/how)Therebe句型一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句\n句子种类按句子结构分简单句并列句（常见的并列连词andbutorforhoweverthusthereforeyetwhilewhenneither…nor..either…or...notonly…butalso…）复合句（由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子）S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C\n句子种类复合句名词性从句定语从句状语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句时间地点原因目的结果条件让步比较方式程度\nSomepeoplelovehimwhileothershatehim.Whenweshallmeetagainhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Thatsheisgoodatmusicisknowntousall.Theproblemiswhetheryoucandoityourselves.Idon’tknowwhatyoureallymean.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thisisthehousewherehelived10yearsago.Hisfather,whois43yearsold,worksinafactory.Ifitdoesn’train,Iwillgoout.例句\n简单句五种基本句型歌诀英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物又可分两类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。\n句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。\n说出下列简单句的种类：ThestoryhappenedinLondonin1897.Myrecentbooksellswell.Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.Shelaidthepapersonmydesk.Weshouldremainmodestatanytime.Allhisdreamshavecometrue.ShepromisedmeanicegiftonChristmasday.\n说出下列简单句的种类：8.Willyoupleasepassthebooktome?9.Myparentsboughtabicycleforme.10.Wehavemadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.11.Thegirlsawtwomenenterthehouse.12.Icanhearsomeoneplayingtheviolinnextdoor.13.Nobodynoticedtheofficebrokeninto.14.Theypaintedthedoorred.\n常见的连系动词：be(am,is,are)seemappearstayremainkeepbecomegetturngrowgocomefallprovelooksmellsoundtastefeelWearewhatweeat.\n句子成分：主语：表示所说的是谁或是什么名词Thebookisnew.代词Heismyfather.数词Thefirstisbetterthantheothers.不定式Toworkwithhimismywish.动名词Playingwithfireisdangerous.词组Aknifeandforkisonthetable.从句Whatweneedismoretime.\n句子成分：表语：说明主语的特征、类别、状态或身份名词Heisadoctor.代词Thebookismine.数词Twotimesthreeissix.形容词、副词Heispolite./Myfatherisout.不定式动名词Hiswishistobecomealawyer.Myjobisteaching.分词介词短语Iamexcitedathissuccess.Heisalwaysinahurry.从句Thisiswhathewantstosay.\n句子成分：宾语：表示动作的承受者名词Weloveourschool.代词Shecandressherself.数词I’vegotonlythree.不定式Iwantedtogothere.动名词Heisfondofplayingfootball.从句Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.\n句子成分：宾语补足语：在宾语后补足宾语的内容名词Ifindhimanhonestboy.形容词Hisdeathmademesad.分词Hekeptmewaitingforanhour.不定式Iaskhimtohavearest.介词短语Ifoundtheoldmaninbadhealth.\n句子成分：定语：用来修饰名词或代词名词HeisanEnglishteacher.代词Pleaseshowmeanotherbook.数词形容词副词Thefifthlessonisveryeasy.Themanupstairsisadoctor.不定式Ihavealotofworktodotoday.动名词Whataniceswimmingpool!分词Pleasebringmeboiledwater.从句Iknowtheboywhoisstandingthere.\n句子成分：同位语：说明其前一名词或代词的具体内容名词OurteacherMr.Liisverykind.代词Weeachhaveabook.数词Wetwowillgotoseeyou.从句ThenewsthathewillvisitChinaistrue.\n句子成分：状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子名词Hewalked20miles.形容词副词Shesmiled,fullofhappiness.不定式Hestoppedtohavearest.介词短语Theyareplayingontheplayground.分词Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.从句独立主格结构We’llgowherewearemostneeded.Herushedout,guninhand.\n巩固训练Whatyousaidjustnowhasnothingtodowiththematterwe’rediscussing.Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromHunan.It’sapitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.Nancy’sEnglishisbetterthananyoneelse’sinherclass.Thereoughttobenotroublebecauseheknewtheanswers.说出下列句子划线部分的成分\n巩固训练7.Doesitmatterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?8.Wesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.9.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.10.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.11.Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.12.LastnightIfollowedhimhereandclimbedin,swordinhand.\n巩固训练说出下列句子的类型Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.Usingamobilephonedoublestheriskofdevelopingbraincancer.I’llgotoseeyouthemomentIfinishthework.Doyougotoworkbybusorbybike?Turndowntheradio---thebabyissleeping.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthefarawayvillage.\n巩固训练说出下列句子的类型7.Johnshuteveryoneoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.8.Thenewsthattheywonthegamearrivedsoon.9.Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?10.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,shallwe?\nWelcometoBinhaiSeniorHighSchool!