高中英语-IT的用法及练习课件 40页

IT的用法及练习\nUsesof“It”I、用作人称代词的itII.用作非人称代词的itIII.用作先行词的itIV.用在强调句型中的itV.用在固定结构中的itVI..Exercises\n（1）代替前文提到过的事物。Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.（2）用以代替提示代词this,that。—What’sthis?—It’saknife.—Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.1.用作人称代词\n（4）也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。“Whereisthecat?”“It’sunderthebed.”Howaboutthebaby?----I’lltakecareofit.（5）用于上文提到的情况Hermotherkepttellinghernottogooutatnight,butitdidn’thelp.她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。\n（2）指环境情况等。Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.（3）指时间。—Whattimeisit?—It’seighto’clock.（4）指季节。Itoftenrainsinsummerhere.（5）指距离。Itisalongwaytotheschool.2、用作非人称代词（1）指天气It’sraining.\n3.用作先行词的it当主语或宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用it放在主语或宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，it叫先行词作形式主语/形式宾语。It的用法\n(1).形式主语当主语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用it放在主语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，it叫形式主语。e.g.It’sveryusefultomasterEnglish.It’snouselearningwithoutthinking.Itworriedmethatshedidn’tphone.It的用法\nItisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisapitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.\n（2）.形式宾语当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用it放在宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，it叫形式宾语。e.g.Ifeelitnousecrying.Ithinkitstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.注：it作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有宾语补足语。否则，就不能用it了。因为宾语已经在句末。\nIthinkitnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.Hemadeitclear（他说）thathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.\n4.用在强调句型中的it(1)强调句子的主语,宾语,表语或状语时，常用：“Itis/was+被强调的部分+that连剩余部分”.这种句型不能强调谓语动词。如果强调的部分是人，可用who/whom代替that。e.g.Heisondutytodayinthefactory.①②③④①Itishethat/whoisondutytoday…②It’sondutythatheistoday…③It’stodaythatheisondutyin…④It’sinthefactorythatheis…\n4.用在强调句型中的it(2)注1：②-④句中的that不能用where/when代替。注2：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：was/is.注3：强调主语时，谓语应与主语的人称和数保持一致。e.g.ItisIthatamastudent.(不能用is/was/are/were)ItwasTomandhissisterthatwerepraised.注4：notuntil句型用在强调句型中，主句不再倒装了。e.g.Itwasnotuntil9o’clockthatIwenttobed.\n4.用在强调句型中的it(3)注5：要检查强调句型与其它句型的区别就是去掉“it’s/was…that…”,在将句子还原，不多一个词不少一个词，句子结构完整，就是强调句，否则是其它句型。e.g.ItwaslastnightthatIsawthefilm.(强)Itwasreportedthatthesebookssellwell.(主从)ItisintheplacethatIwasborn.（强）e.g.ItistheplacewhereIwasborn.（定从）=ItistheplacethatIwasbornin.\n4.用在强调句型中的it(4)注6：在特殊疑问句中，只能强调特殊疑问词。其结构为：“疑问词+强调句型的一般疑问句？”即：“wh-+is/wasitthat连剩余部分？”e.g.Wherewereyouborn?Wherewasitthatyouwereborn?Whereisitthatwe’llleave?\n5.用在固定结构中的ite.g.Takeiteasy.Takeitforgranted.Believeitornot.e.g.“hello!Whoisthat(speaking)?”“Thisisjohn/I(speaking).不能用it代thisIt的用法\n区别：替代词one,ones,that,those,it,this,thatone,ones,that,thoseThat替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthantheoneontheright.ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthanthatinMexico.That只用于替换表示事物的名词，而one/ones替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelderone.Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaperones.\nThecomputersinourschoolareconnectedtotheInternetwhilethoseintheirschoolaren’t.Thefootballplayersonourteamseemtobemoreenergeticthanthoseonyourteam.That/those一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有不定冠词的名词。Thestyleofthebuildingissimilartothatofatemple.ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethanonemadeinHongKong.\nThat/those一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。One/ones都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时，不用one/ones而用thatof/thoseof.Ilikethevasebetterthantheone/thatinanothershop.Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthanthoseofmine.Agrandparent’sjobiseasierthanthatofaparent.\n2)it,this和that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余两者那么强调。Soshedecidedtopaintthedoorpink.Itupsettheneighboursabit.Soshedecidedtopaintthehousepink.Thatreallyupsettheneighbours,asyoucanimagine.当前面提到的事物不止一件时，it通常指最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。\nWekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom.Itismainlyusedbythechildren.(指themachine)Wekeeptheicecreammachineinthespareroom.This/Thatismainlyusedbythechildren.(指thespareroom)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的事物。Listentothis!Wewillhavethreedaysoff.“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”Whosaidthat?\n3)It和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusingitnow.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanewonesoon.\nI.Discussthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionof“it”:1.It’sdifficulttorememberalltheirnames.2.It’sveryquietinthecafé.3.Itrainedforthreedays.4.Hemadeitclearthathedidn’twanttospeaktome.5.Itwasnicetomeetingyou.6.ItwasonTuesdaythatSmithcame.7.It’sthreemilesfromheretothenearestgarage.8.Atallmanstoodupandshookhands.ItwascaptainLawrie.9.Ihearyouboughtanewbike.Canyoushowittome?10.Itwasfiveaclockwhenwegotbackhomeyesterday.11.Itwasdirtyandwetbelowtheshipwheretheslaveswerekept.12.Itwasonthiscoastthatlotsofhispeopledisappeared.13.Itwasmostlikelythatonethirdofthemhadlosttheirlives.6.Exercises\n精典名题导解选择填空1._________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的用法。that引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句首作形式主语。\n2.Ihopethereareenoughglasseforeachguesttohave________.(NMET1995)A.itB.thoseC.themD.one解析：答案为D。本题考查替代词it和one的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。”可知应用one泛指enoughglasses中的一个。\n3.Was__________thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself解析：答案为A。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。\n4.（2005安徽29)Itwas5o’clock____hewentback.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since\n5.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,Anditdoesn’tmatter_____I’mtalkingto.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom\n6.Itwon’tbelong____hecomestoourhelp.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when\n7.(05上海38）____intheregulationthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.WhatisrequiredB.whatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires\n返回目录考点预测1.Doyouseethosethreegirls?Iknow________inthemiddle.A.oneB.aoneC.thisoneD.theone【解析】根据“threegirls”这一语境的限定，中间的那个女孩当然为特指，故用theone（相当于thegirl）。选项C中的this与前句中的those不一致。D【答案】代词\n返回目录考点预测2.Asastudent,wedoneedalotofexercisestomakethetextknowledge________.A.tobeoursB.ourownC.ofourownD.oursown代词【解析】动词make可接名词作宾补，表示“使（宾语）成为……”。如：MarxmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.试题中的“ourown”即“ourownknowledge”，是动词make后的宾补，该部分意思为“使课本知识成为自己的知识”。【答案】B\n返回目录考点预测3.Inthetime________takestodrinkacupofcoffee,customerscangetapairofspecial-madeshoesinthisstore.A.itB.oneC.thatD.when代词【解析】本句为“Ittakestimetodosth.”句型，ittakestodrinkacupofcoffee为定语从句，修饰thetime,定语从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词that。如用one，则与句子的主语thecustomers在人称上不一致。【答案】A\n返回目录4.—Comeasquicklyasyoucan,Jack.—Sure,________won’tbelong.A.IB.youC.thatD.it考点预测代词【解析】“Iwon‘tbelong.”为一固定说法，表示“我很快就来（完）了”。以人作主语，形容词long作表语的这种用法又如：Willyoubelong?你要花很久的时间吗？Don'tbelongaboutit.别慢吞吞的。关于选项D，it虽然可表时间，但不合本句的语境。【答案】A\n返回目录5.SomestudentsliketobetoldaboutAmericanculturebutarelessinterestedinspendingthetimeandtheefforttoactuallyexperience________.A.oneB.itC.thoseD.them考点预测代词【解析】it在句中作动词experience的宾语，代替上文提到的Americanculture。it和one都可以代替前面提到的某个名词。it所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而one所代替的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一个事物。【答案】B\n返回目录6.Mr.Smith’sloveforusstudentsislike________forasonoradaughter.Thatiswhyweallrespectandlovehim.A.thatB.itC.whichD.those考点预测代词【解析】that可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复，这种替代词that代替的是“the+单数名词”，句中的that即“thelove”。相应地，替代词those代替“the+复数名词”。另有一对替代词：one和ones,one代替的是“a+单数名词”；ones代替“泛指的复数名词”。如：Theengineofyourcarisbetterthanthatofmine.(that=theengine)Thebookisdifferentfromthosewehavereadbefore.(those=thebooks)I’mlookingforahouse.I'dreallylikeonewithagarden.(one=ahouse)Therewereafewyoungpeoplewithsomeolderonesinthehouse.(ones=people)【答案】A\n返回目录B【答案】7.Among________aresomeforeignerswhoattendChineseclassesatourcollege.A.westudentsB.usstudentsC.studentsofusD.usofstudents【解析】句中us是作介词among的宾语，students为宾语us的同位语。当然，这类表达位于主语部分时，则用人称代词的主格形式。如：Westudentsshouldlearnhowtolearn.考点预测代词\n返回目录C【答案】考点预测代词8.Thereareafewshopsattheendofthestreetbut________ofthemsellnewspapers.A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.noone【解析】none表示“三者以上的人或事物中没有一个”，这与前面的afew相呼应。noone表人，且一般不接of短语。\n返回目录D【答案】考点预测代词9.—CanyouphoneJohnforme?—Whycan’tyouphone________?A.himselfyourselfB.yourselfhimC.yourselfhimselfD.himyourself【解析】him为动词phone的宾语；yourself为反身代词作主语同位语，表示“主语本人自己做某事”。反身代词常见的一个用法是在句中作主语同位语，其位置可在主语后面，也可在句子后面。如：Hedidithimself.（=Hehimselfdidit.）\n返回目录考点预测代词10.Ihadnoideawhichwasbetter,soItook________ofthem.A.allB.anyC.everyD.both【解析】根据“better”一词，可确定数量上是两个，故用both。every在数量上指三个或三个以上，并且在句中只作定语，不作主语和宾语。D【答案】\nTHANKYOUVERYMUCH