高中定语从句课件一说课材料 34页

\n语法讲解定语从句（theattributiveclause）☆被定语从句限定的词是_______，引导定语从句的词叫做________或_________。☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。在复合句中，充当_______用的从句是定语从句“先行词”“关系代词”“关系副词”形容词\n一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义\nTheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词\n二.关系词的分类关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类\n三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语\n①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom\n③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.which\nHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that\n⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose\n仔细看下表三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语\n想一想1.当which和that都在定语从句中指代物时，如何选择？2.当who和that都在定语从句中指代人时，如何选择？3.特别注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题\n2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况\n②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.\n④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.\n注：在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的情况：①在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。（既that前面不加介词）ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.②Which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。（既逗号后面不用That）Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.\n(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.\n(3)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.注意：Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.注意：Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致\n巩固记忆1.定语从句的概念？2.引导定语从句的关系词3.That和which引导定语从句的选择4.who和which引导定语从句的选择巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子\n1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习1：适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空\n四.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语\n用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when\n用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where\n用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why\n1.找出先行词2.看先行词/关系词在从句中所做的成分。1).先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)2).先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。3.在选完关系词后带入验证（把关系词还原到从句中）判定用“关代”还是“关副”步骤：\nIknowaplacewherewecanplaybasketball.我知道一个可以打球的地方2.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方\n1.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。2.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。\n1.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。2.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。\n对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空\n2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)\nThereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.\n高考链接（2011•江苏卷）24.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,__________theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.WhenB.WhereC.thatD.which(全国I24).Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,___isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.WhereC.WhatD.that\n高考链接（2011•陕西卷）11.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelakeA.whichB.whereC.whoD.that\n另外，有意向来巨人学校辅导的同学请到前台报名我们有精美的礼品等着大家