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高中英语短文改错解题指导课件

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短文改错解题指导\n短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语测试题,旨在考查考生发现并纠正语篇错误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识,还要求学生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑思维能力。学生在平时写作中容易出现的错误是短文改错题考查的重点。解题指导\n错误的类型包括词法、句法和行文逻辑等,错误的形式分别为缺词、多词和错词。\n解题步骤第一步:通读全文,了解大意。通过浏览全文,从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称,为下一步的纠错做好准备。第二步:逐句推敲,纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子,同时找出并纠正错误。第三步:重读全文,检查答案。再次仔细阅读全文,检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑,并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。\n应试策略做短文改错时,同学们尤其应当注意以下情况:1. 看到名词、代词结构时,要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误;2. 看到转折、因果、对比等结构时,要检查是否有逻辑方面的错误;3. 看到多重结构句,要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误;\n4. 看到平行结构,要检查是否有时态、语态、词性不一致或成分缺失引起的句子不平衡等错误;5. 看到固定短语、词组时,要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。\n考点归纳【考点汇总】短文改错的考点虽然涉及面广、综合性强,但是有一定的规律性。一、冠词。主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及其在固定搭配中的用法。1.Thereareallkindsoftheflowers...(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】本句中用flower的复数形式表示种类,其前不用冠词,故应将the去掉。\n2.Thepersonwhofoundaticketsmiledwithpleasureathissuccess.(2014浙江卷)【解析】这里是指找到了上文中提到的那位乘客丢失的车票,是特指,故应将a改为the。\n3....hequicklywalkedintotheshop....himtowaitoutsideashop. (2015全国卷II)【解析】本题考查定冠词the的用法。此处特指上文提到的商店,应将a改为the。4....butImissmyhomeincountryside.(2015全国卷I)【解析】此处考查冠词在固定短语中的用法。inthecountryside在乡村,是固定用法。\n二、名词。主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。1....foralltheseyear...(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】these修饰可数名词的复数形式,故应将year改为years。2....wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhour...(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】oneandahalf修饰可数名词的复数形式,故应将hour改为hours。\n3.Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.  (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析。air表示“空气”,是不可数名词,再由is可知,应将airs改为air。4....littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent...hisparentsweremissing.(2015全国卷II)【解析】本题考查名词单复数。由后文的hisparentsweremissing可知,应将parent改为复数形式。\n三、动词。主要考查动词的时态、语态、用法等。1.Wedidn’tneedtodo...(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】本篇讲的是作者心目中的理想学校,通篇都用的是一般现在时,故应将didn’t改为don’t。\n2.Ihadnoticedthatthecarriage...(2014浙江卷)【解析】本篇讲述了作者乘火车的一次经历。事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故应将had去掉。3....we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.(2014辽宁卷)【解析】bother为及物动词,可以直接接宾语,故应将其后的to去掉。\n4.WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.  (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查动词的时态。前句是一般过去时,且后句的从句用了过去将来时,故后句的主句应用一般过去时。故应将think改为thought。\n5.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecome...  (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查动词的语态。此处表示“研究表明”,应用主动语态。故应将been去掉。\n四、形容词和副词。主要考查形容词和副词的词性辨析、词义辨析、比较级和最高级、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析等。1....theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】根据语境可知,这里指植物长得“到处都是”。somewhere表示“在某处”,everywhere表示“到处”,故应将somewhere改为everywhere。\n2.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】根据语境可知,这里指有“很多的”圣女果,much后省略了cherrytomatoes。因为修饰可数名词的复数形式时要用many,故应将much改为many。3.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】本句为主系表结构,表语应为形容词,故应将helpfully改为helpful。\n4....globalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem. (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查形容词的用法。由a和problem可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。故应将seriously改为serious。5.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld...(2015陕西卷)【解析】本题考查形容词的最高级。由该句中的intheworld及前面的the可知应用形容词的最高级。故应将better改为best。\n五、代词。主要考查各类代词的用法及其误加与漏用。1....theticket...underaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.(2014浙江卷)【解析】这里是想用hisowner指代theticket’sowner。由于theticket是物,指代物的所有格应用its,故应将his改为its。\n2.Weappreciateourapologiesandgoodwill...(2014辽宁卷)【解析】根据语境可知,作者在抱怨对方的狗叫声给自己带来的困扰,所以这里道歉的应该是对方,故应将our改为your。3.Wemust...toprotectyourenvironment.(2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查代词指代错误。前后代词要一致;由主语We可知,应将your改为our。\n4.Wemust...toprotectyourenvironment.(2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查代词指代错误。前后代词要一致;由主语We可知,应将your改为our。\n六、介词。主要考查介词的意义和用法等。1.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】表示目的或功能时应用介词for,故将with改为for。2....andshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2014陕西卷)【解析】表示“朝……射箭/射击”时,应用介词at,故应将on改为at。\n3.Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted. (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查介词的用法。表示“随着……”通常用介词with。故应将on改为with。4.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.(2015全国卷II)【解析】本题考查介词的用法。玩具应该是在橱窗里面,故应将on改为in。\n七、连词。主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用,或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的漏用。1.Althoughweallowtomatoplants...butwehavenever...(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】表示转折关系时,although和but不同时使用,故应将此处的but去掉。也可将but改为yet,yet在此作副词,可与Although连用。\n2.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江卷)【解析】“找不到车票”和“变得很沮丧”之间应为顺接关系,故应将but改为and。\n3.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen. (2015全国卷I)【解析】本题考查连词的误用。“空气干净”和“大山翠绿”之间是并列关系,用or连接不符合逻辑。故应将or改为and。\n八、从句的引导词。主要考查从句引导词的误用。1.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissing...(2014四川卷)【解析】notice后的宾语从句成分和意义都完整,用that引导即可,故应将when去掉。\n3....heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing. (2015全国卷II)【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。从句中不缺少成分,不能用where,而要用that引导宾语从句,that可省略。故应将where改为that或去掉where。\n3.IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.(2015浙江卷)【解析】本题考查让步状语从句的引导词。此处不存在条件关系,而是表示让步,故应将If改为Although/Though。\n九、主谓一致。主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。1.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】本句的主语Mydreamschool是单数形式,其后的谓语动词也应用单数形式,故应将look改为looks。\n2.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusaswe...(2014辽宁卷)【解析】本句中的barking是动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故应将have改为has。\n十、非谓语动词。主要考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式以及过去分词的用法。1.Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe’soutside.(2014辽宁卷)【解析】Itisdifficult后接动词的不定式形式,故应将understanding改为understand。2.Hewantedteachmeaboutanimals,insectsandtrees.(2014陕西卷)【解析】want后接动词的不定式形式作宾语,故应在teach前加to。\n3.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(2014陕西卷)【解析】动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。在本句中,“吃烧烤”是“我们坐在火边”的伴随动作,两个动作同时发生,故应将have改为having。\n4.Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremain...(2014四川卷)【解析】本句用and连接两个分句,其前的分句为祈使句,其后的分句也应为祈使句,而不应用动词-ing形式,故应将trying改为try。\n5.Myfavoritepicture...isofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuits... (2015陕西卷)【解析】本题考查动词-ing形式作后置定语的用法。is是谓语动词;介词of后是复合宾语。mycoachandme与enjoy是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式。故应将enjoy改为enjoying。\n十一、固定搭配或习惯用法。1....andwiththehelpbyourfather...(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】withthehelpofsb.是固定搭配,表示“在……的帮助下”,故应将by改为of。2.Asresult...(2014新课标全国卷I)【解析】asaresult是固定搭配,表示“因此”,故应在result前加a。\n3.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorning...(2014新课标全国卷II)【解析】根据语境可知,这里指每天上午有三节课。表示“有”时,往往用therebe句型,故应将They改为There。\n4.Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed...(2014浙江卷)【解析】表示“处于困难中,有需要”时,用固定搭配inneed,故应将on改为in。很多东西看似复杂,但是只要找到其中的规律就会发现其实还是很容易的。短文改错亦是如此。相信同学们认真读完这篇备考指南后定能更快更准地解答这一题型。\n5.We'vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars. (2015四川卷)【解析】spendtime(in)doingsth.是固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,故应将sing改为singing。6.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindows...(2015浙江卷)【解析】enjoydoingsth.是固定搭配,表示“喜欢做某事”,故应将sit改为sitting。\n巩固练习文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 只允许修改10处,多者(第11处起)不计分。\nAMyuncleabsolutehatedhiswife’scatanddecidedtogetridofhimonedaybydrivinghim20blockfromhishomeandleavinghimatthepark.Asshewasgettinghome,thecatwaswalkingupthedriveway.Thenextdayhedecidestodrivethecat40blocksaway.Heputthecatoutandheadedhome.Drivebackuphisdriveway,therewasthecat!Atthelasthedecidedtodrivefarawayuntilhereachedthathethoughtwasasafedistancefromhishomeandleftthecatthere.Hourslatehecalledhiswife,“Jen,isthecatthere?”“No,”hiswifeanswered.Thenhesaid,“Puthimonthephone.Ilostwayandneeddirections!”\nKeys:1.absolute → absolutely2.block → blocks3.she → he4.decides → decided5.Drive → Driving6.(Atthelast) 去掉the7.(hereachedthathe) that → what8.late → later9. No → Yes10.way前加my\nBIcanneverforgetthedaythenIwenttohaveapianotest.Unluckily,anexaminerwhoappearedratherseriousandstrictwassittingintheroom.Knownthatmanystudentshadfailedthetest,IfelttoonervousthatIwonderedwhetherIcouldpassit.Thenitwasmyturnsandmyheartalmostskippedabeat.However,whenenteringtheroom,itsuddenlyoccurstomethatIcouldtakethisasarareandpreciouschancetochallengeme.Verytomysurprise,theteacher,satisfyingwithmyperformance,gavemehighmarks.Whateverwefacewith,weshouldtryourbesttohandleit.Onlydoingthiscanwesucceedintheend.\nKeys:1.then → when或去掉then2.Known → Knowing3.too → so4.turns → turn5.occurs → occurred6.(tochallengeme)me → myself7.Very → Much8.satisfying → satisfied9.(wefacewith)    去掉with10.Only后加by\nCIsonlinereadinggoodtous?Opinionsdiffer.Defendersinsistonlinereadingcanarousestudents’interestsinreading.Also,theInternetoffersmuchwidechoicesthanpaperbooks.Critics,thus,holdtheoppositeopinions.Theysaythoughonlinereadinghasbeenmakingmoreinterestingbycartoonsorpictures,thisisnotreallyreading.What’smore,manymaterialsthatareofferedontheInternetdoesnogoodtoyoungreaders.Finally,exposedtothecomputerscreenforlongharmsoureyes.IthinkparentsshouldchooseproperbooksforyouandIalsosuggestparentstohelpusformthehabitofcriticalreading.\nKeys:1.to → for2.interests → interest3.wide → wider4.thus → however5.making → made6.really → real7.does → do8.exposed前加being9.(booksforyou)     you → us10....suggestparentsto... 去掉to或to → should或suggest → advise\nDThismorning,Igotothestorenearmyhometodosomeshopping.IgaveaviolentlycoughwhileIwaswalkingdownthepassage.Thewomanstandingnexttomewassoshockingthatsheconsequentlydroppedajarofoil.Forthatverymoment,agirlwaswalkingby.Sheslippedontheoil,fellontothebrokeglassandhitherheadonthefloor.Afterawhile,therewerebloodpourdownherface.Ifeltreallyguiltyandsentthegirltothenearesthospitalwithoutthedelay.Thedoctorexaminedherwoundcarefully.Tomyrelief,itwasnotserious.Thegirlhadalittlesmileonherfacebeforethedoctordressedwound.\nKeys:1.go → went2.violently → violent3.shocking → shocked4. For → At5. broke → broken6.were → was7.pour → pouring8.(withoutthedelay)   去掉the9.before → after10.wound 前加the或 her\nECanyouimaginewearaprettysweatermadeofgarbage?Itcouldnothappen!Afewcompaniesacrossthecountryaremakingclothesfromthingsthosearethrownawaybypeople.Forexample,thecompanymakessweatersfromoldplasticbottles.First,thebottlesarecutintosmallpiece.Thepiecesaremelted.Thenthemeltingplasticismadeintolongandthinthreads.Thethreadsareusedtomakingsweaterswhichareverysoftandlight.Believeitnot,thesesweaterssellwellinspiteofthefactthattheyarenotexpensiveatall.Manypeoplethinkthattheserecycledclothescanhelpuscutupongarbage.\nKeys:1.wear → wearing2.去掉not3.those → that/which4.(thecompanymakes)   the → a5.piece → pieces6.melting → melted7.making → make8.(Believeitnot)not前加or9.expensive → cheap10.up → down\nFOnceRabbitdeclaredloudlythathewasthefastest.ThinkingwhatRabbitwastooproud,Frogwasannoyinganddecidedtoteachhimalesson.HechallengedRabbitforaracethroughsomethickgrassdowntothetownpond.Rabbitdisagreed.Onthedayoftherace,Frogplayedwithatrick.Manyofhisfrogfriendshidinthethickgrass,onebigjumpapartfromoneanother.Rabbitranasfasterashecouldthroughthegrass,andnomatterhowfastheran,Frogwasalwaysonejumpaheadofhim.BythetimeRabbitgottoapond,hewasrunningfasttostop.Hefellrightintothepond,justasFrogjumpedupfrombehindarockandshouted,“Iwasthewinner!”\nKeys:1.what → that或去掉what2.annoying → annoyed3.(forarace)for → to4.disagreed → agreed5.(playedwith) 去掉with6.faster → fast7.(andnomatter)and → but8.(gottoapond)   a → the9.fast前加too10. was → am\nGUntilthemiddleofthe19thcentury,onlywomenwerepermittedtobecomedoctors.AdeterminingwomannamedElizabethBlackwellthoughtthatisunfairandchangedthecourseofhistory.Blackwellwasbornin England in1821,andthenmovedtothe U.S. withherfamily.Whenhewas23,Blackwelldecidedtobecomeadoctor.Sheappliedmanymedicalschools,butwastold“no”againandagain.Finally,threeyearslate,asmallschoolacceptedher.Shestudiedhardlyandgraduatedattheheadofherclass.Beforeshehadhermedicaldegree,Blackwellcaredformanypatients.Sheevenopenedaspecialhospitalforthewomenandchildren.Afterwards,shemovedbackto England andhelpedwomentherebreakupthemedicalfield.\nKeys:1.women → men2. determining → determined3.(thatisunfair)    is → was4.(hewas23)he → she5.applied后加to6. late → later7.hardly → hard8.Before → After9.(forthewomen)   去掉the10. up → into\n

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