高中英语分词用法及练习课件 22页

分词现在分词过去分词V-ing(doing)V-ed(done)\n现在分词的时态和语态一般式：完成式：主动语态被动语态doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式表示分词动作与主句动作同时发生。完成式表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前。\n过去分词只有一般式,表示被动关系、完成的动作或与主句动作同时发生。分词的否定：not+分词\n1.作表语2.作定语3.作宾补4.作状语过去分词现在分词\n1.分词作表语Theresultissurprising.Heissurprised.现在分词作表语：一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征,“令人……”的意思,主语多数情况是sth.过去分词作表语：一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受,“感到……的”,主语多数情况是sb.比较:Hewassurprisedattheresult.(即Theresultsurprisedhim.)Hewassurprising.(即Hesurprisedsb.)但不及物动词的过去分词作表语，则表示主动关系：Springiscome.Mycarisgone.\n2.分词作定语单个的分词作定语一般要前置：boilingwater=waterwhichisboilingboiledwater=waterwhichhasbeenboiled小结：现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。2)分词短语作定语要后置：Themanstandingatthegateisourboss.(=Themanwhoisstandingatthegateis…)Thehousebuiltlastyearisourclinic.(=Thehousewhichwasbuiltlastyearis…)小结：分词作定语时可以改写成定语从句。\n注意事项:1）单个过去分词作定语时也可后置,以示强调。Therearesixdaysleft.Pleasedotheexercisesgiven.2)现在分词的一般式或过去分词也可表示状态(无时间性)。Thehousefacingsouthisashop.=Thehousewhichfacessouthis...Gasessentintotheairbyfactoriesareharmfultohealth.=Gaseswhicharesentintotheairbyfactoriesare…\n3)分词短语作定语也有限制性和非选择性,逗号是非选择性的标志：Hebrokethewindow,makingthebossangry.=…,whichmadethebossangry.Thepark,openedtothepublicnextyear,istwomilesawayfrommyhouse.=Thepark,whichwillbeopenedtothepublic,...4)现在分词的一般式被动语态作定语则表示正在进行,被动关系:Thecarbeingrepairedismine.=Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine.5)不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示主动关系,完成的动作:fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallenarrivedguests=guestswhohavearrived\n3.分词作宾补：Weheardthemquarrellinginthenextroom.I’llgetmybikerepaired.Withtimegoingon,hisdiseaseisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Hewentoutwithabookheldinhishand.注意:不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动关系：Wefoundthecargone.\n4.分词作状语,主语要一致,可改成相对应的状语从句。1)表示时间,也可在其前加while/when等连词:(When)Arrivingattheairport,hesawAnnmeetinghim.(=Whenhearrived…,…)(When)Askedabouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.(=Whenhewasaskedabouthisfamily,…)2)表示条件,也可在其前加if/unless等连词:(If)Findingthechild,pleaseringmeup.(=Ifyoufindthechild,…)(If)Seeninthedistance,thevillagelooksmorebeautiful.(=Ifitisseeninthedistance,…)\n3)表示原因：Beingill,hewasabsentfromthemeeting.(=Ashewasill,…)Notknowingtheway,hehadtoaskforhelp.(Ashedidn’tknowtheway,…)Lostinthought,hehitthetree.(=Ashewaslostinthought,…)4)表示(意料之中的)结果:Thehunterfired,shootingoneofthewolves.区别:不定式表示意外的结果Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.\n5)表示让步,也可在其前加上连词eventhough/although/though/while:(Though)Rainingheavily,itclearedupsoon.meetinghim.(=Thoughitrainedheavily,…)(Though)Toldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavethekid.(=Thoughhewastoldofthedanger,…)6)表示伴随,相当于并列谓语：ShesatatthetablereadingChinaDaily.(=…andreadChinaDaily.)Tomstoodthere,surroundedbylotsofkids.(=…andwassurroundedbylotsofkids.)\n7)表示方式,可位于句首、句中或句尾：Laughingandtalking,theyenteredthehall.Thehunter,followedbyhiswolfdog,walkedintheforest.Thehunterwalkedintheforest,followedbyhiswolfdog.\n5.分词作状语时注意事项:1)如果过去分词同时表示被动和动作完成,可改成现在分词的被动完成式；如果过去分词只表示被动,不表完成,则不能改:Warnedmanytimes,hestilldoesso.(表被动和完成)（=Havingbeenwarnedmanytimes,…）Badlyinjured,hewassenttohospital.(表被动和状态)（=Ashewasbadlyinjured,…）Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.(表被动)（=Ifitisseenfromthetopofthehill,…)\n2)过去分词done与现在分词beingdone作原因状语可以互换,但用done的较多:Writtenverywell,thenovelsellswell.=Beingwrittenverywell,…=Asitiswrittenverywell,…3)一般不用现在分词beingdone作方式或伴随状语,而用过去分词done:Tomenteredtheroom,followedbyhischild.Ledbytheguide,wewentintotheforest.\n1._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin._____tosunlightfortoomuchtime,yourskinwillbeharmed.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed2._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedAAC\n3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____,nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_____.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp5.Theideaforthenewplancametohismind,________tohisexperimentinthelab.A.whiledevotingB．whiledevotinghimselfC.whilehewasdevotedD．whiledevotedDDC\n6._____ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadtogohome,withafriend____her.A.Warning,followingB.Havingwarned,followingC.Havingbeenwarned,followingD.Warned,followed7.AttheInternationalBalletCompetitions,Smithwonthefirstgoldmedalever_____toanAmericanmaledancer.A.awardedB.tobeawardC.beingawardedD.shouldbeawarding________\n8.Thestudent,ifwell_____,willpasstheexaminationwithoutmuchdifficultyA.preparingB.preparedC.toprepareD.ready9._____alittlemoney,Janewasabletobuyhermotheralovelynewwatch.A.TosaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Havingsaved10.Wesawnewhouseswhereverwewentonourvisit.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.buildingD.tobuild____________\n11.Themissingboywaslastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay12.Theboywhowascaught_____intheexamwillbepunishedbytheteacher.A.CheatB.cheating.C.tocheatD.cheated13.--Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?--I’dliketohavethispackage___,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed14.It’sverycold.Let’smakeafire___ourselves.A.warmB.towarmC.warmingD.warmed________________\n15.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatched______.A.bicyclesrepairedB.bicyclestoberepairedC.bicyclesbeingrepairedD.torepairbicycles16.Whodidtheteacherhave_____anarticleforthewallnewspaperjustnow?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.towrite17.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage,wereproducedinthe16thcentury.A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.havingwritten____________\n18.Thisisoneoftheproblems____atthemeetingatpresent.A.discussedB.discussingC.tobediscussedD.beingdiscussed19.Theproblem_____tomorrowhassomethingtodowithourdailylife.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.beendiscussed20.Thechild___byhisfatherlefthomeyesterday.A.havingbeenpunishedB.tobepunishedC.punishedD.whohasbeenpunished____________