高中英语定语从句AttributiveClause课件必修二 31页

AttributiveClauseTheclauseusedastheattributeinasentenceiscalled…structure:antecedent+(先行词)relativepron.(assub.orobj.)relativeadv.(asadverbial)(that/which/who(m)/whose)(when/where/why)Languagestudy\nRelativepronounsTalkingaboutpeopleDoyouknowthemanwho/thatcametoseeXiaoYangthismorning.TalkingaboutthingsIcouldn’tfindthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.whoseDoyouknowtheboywhoseparentsareonholiday?Heisamanwho/whom/thatweshouldalllearnfrom.Thetablewhich/thatyoujustsawismadeofplastics.I’veneverbeentotheroomwhosewindowsarebroken.Languagestudy\nwho/whom/that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。E.g.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）\nwhose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhichthe互换）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.\n关系代词that的用法a）引导非限定性定语从句时e.g.Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.（wrong）b）介词后不能用e.g.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.1）关系代词不用that的情况\n１．先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,little,few,much等不定代词时．我能用的（东西）极其少．ThereislittlethatIcanuse.２．先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时．你需要的书都在这儿．Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.３．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时．这是他用英语写的第一篇作文．ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.2）.关系代词只能用that的情况\n４．先行词既有人又有物时。他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.５．主句是以who或which开头的疑问句在那里说话的人是谁?Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?６．先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。ThisistheverygunthatIamlookingfor.\n７．先行词在从句中做表语时他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。Heisnottheyoungmanthathewasthirtyyearsago.８．在therebe句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不用which.Therearemanybooksthatwerewrittenbyhiminmyhome.Thereisahousethathasbeautifulwindows.\n关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。e.g.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.(时间状语)She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.（地点状语）DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?(原因状语)\n判断关系代词与关系副词把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。1.如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose)。2.如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。\n判断改错：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.I‘llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。\n判断关系代词与关系副词方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone\n判断关系代词与关系副词例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。\n1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.ThegirlwhomImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether.8.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.确定关系词在从句中的成分\n介词+关系词引导的定语从句1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：Thisisthehouse_____Ilivedtwoyearsago.Doyouremembertheday______youjoinedourclub?2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。3）先行词是物，关系词用which,先行词是人,则关系词用whom．4)表所属关系时用ofwhich/whomTheboywhose/ofwhomtheparentsarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.5)表原因，用forwhichIsthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?\n介词＋关系词结构中介词的确定１．来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介词．Thisisthemountainvillage____Istayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedays____Iworkedtogetherwithyou.２．来源于动词短语．Heisreallytheperson__whomwehavealottolearn.Thegirl__whomyouaretalkingisworkingforaninternationalorganization.\n限制性和非限制性定语从句定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）\nas&which引导的非限制性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which指代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。Thesunheatstheearth,and_____isveryimportanttous.\n典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。\n2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,(and)___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。典型例题\n3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。典型例题\n关系代词as的用法1)thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。例如：Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).2)as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。\nwhat/whatever1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。e.g.Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。\nwho/whoeverwho=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewhoe.g.（WRONG）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.（WRONG）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.（RIGHT）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。（RIGHT）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。\n先行词和关系词二合一1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）\n1.CitypeopleinBritainandtheUSstandcloserthanthose____liveinothercountries.2.Theoldladyusedtostandinfrontofthewindow,though____shecouldseewhatwashappening.3.Theinternationalresearchgroupwasmadeupof20scientists,threeof___areexpertsonDNA.4.Lostinthethickforest,theoldmanhadgotnoperson___hecouldturnforhelp.用关系词填空\n5.Jackie,____lifehadoncebeenveryhard,becomeawell-knownactor.6.Doyoustillrememberthedays____wespenthappilytogetherlastyear.7.Thetree,____leaveshaveturnedred,wasplantedbymyuncle.8.Theboy,oneof____ismybrother,aremakingaplanfortheweekend.用关系词填空\nFillintheblankswithproperprepositions1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent__________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Isthatthenewspaper_____whichyouoftenwritearticles?5.1949wastheyear____whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.withoutabout/toonforin\n1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.Proofreadthesentences^theone^to^whenwhich/thatwhich/that\n7.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitesaregoingaroundinthesky.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.LanguagestudyProofreadthesentencesthatinwhich/thatthatwhyAs\n13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.16.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.LanguagestudyProofreadthesentences^whogivesasthatwhy