初中英语复习总教案 161页

初三系列复习资料（1）名词考点集汇，讲解和训练一、名词【考点直击】1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数　可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：　（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。　（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。　（3）以ce,se,ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。　（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。　（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。　（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves,half→halves。　　复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。　　复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法情　况读法例　词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives　（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。　　【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men　workers，womenteachers。　　有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。　（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。　（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。　（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。　（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：　　科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths　　游戏名称：bowls　　专有名词：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls　　其他名词：news,falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法　　在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：　（1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：　　Therichmanhasalotofmoney．　　Thereissomemilkinthe161\nbottle．　　Isthereanywaterintheglass？　　Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．　（2）用apieceof这类定语，例如：　　apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbread　　abottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupoftea　　acupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice　　如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：　　twocupsoftea　　fourpiecesofpaper　　threeglassesofwater　　不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格　　名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.双重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's。【注意】　　如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（两人各自的自行车）。　　两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.(2004年河北省中考试题)Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。3.(2004年吉林省中考试题)---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。4.(2004年佛山市中考试题)---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?---Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。161\n初三系列复习资料（2）形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练二、形容词和副词【考点直击】1.形容词的用法；2.副词的用法；3.形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4.形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【名师点睛】1.形容词的用法(1)形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。例如：Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.（作定语）Thefishwentbad.（作表语）Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.（作宾语补足语）(2)形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。　Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.　Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.(3)用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。　Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.　Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.(4)the＋形容词表示一类人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.2.副词的用法(1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。Hestudiesveryhard.（作状语）Lifehereisfullofjoy.（作定语）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.161\n3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副词的用法1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.3)already,yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.161\nHaveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1)两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。　　Ourteacheristallerthanweare.　　Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.(2)most同形容词连用而不用the,表示"极,很,非常,十分"。　　It'smostdangeroustobehere.　　在这儿太危险。(3)"The+形容词比较级...,the+形容词比较级..."表示"越...就越..."。　　Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.　(4)"形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级",表示"越来越..."。　　It'sgettinghotterandhotter.　(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。　　Thisboxisasbigasmine.　(6)the+形容词表示某种人。　　Healwayshelpsthepoor.　(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。　　ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)---Whichis________,thesun,themoonortheearth?---Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。2.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)Hehasmade_______progressthistermthanbefore.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.much答案B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less,而不能用fewer。3.(2004年江西省中考试题)---Whatdeliciouscakes!---Theywouldtaste_______withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。4.(2004年河北省中考试题)Bobneverdoeshishomework________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“notas+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。初三系列复习资料（3）动词考点集汇、讲解和训练161\n三、动词【考点直击】1.动词的八种时态的构成及用法；2.动词被动语态的构成及用法；3.非谓语动词的构成及用法；4.近义动词的用法区别。【名师点睛】1.动词的时态　　英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。　时间状语：every…,sometimes,　at…,onSunday　Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。　Theearthmovesaroundthesun.　ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。　Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。　Idon'twantsomuch.5)某些动词如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。　　Thetraincomesat3o'clock.　6)在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。　　I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.　　TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.（2）一般过去时的用法：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。　　Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用usedto或would加动词原形来表达，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.2)“usedto”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.（3）一般将来时的用法1）表示将来的动作或状态。例如：　　Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2）表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.　3）表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺，命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。161\n　　Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.　　ShallIopenthedoor?　4）be+going+动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。　　IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.　5）be+动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。　　Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.　　Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.　6）beabout+动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。　　Theyareabouttoleave.（4）现在进行时的用法　1)现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作，它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。　　Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.　2)现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一定在进行）。　　Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3)某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive,come,leave,start等。　　TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be,have②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。（5）现在完成时的用法　1)现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。　　Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.　　Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.　2)现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。现在完成时常与for和since引导的短语或从句连用。　　Wehavelivedheresince1976.　　Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别　过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（6）过去进行时的用法表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：　　IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）（7）过去完成时的用法　　过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和by,before等词组成的短语和从句连用。　　Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.　　Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.（8）过去将来时的用法161\n过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.2.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。（1）被动语态1)被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be+及物动词过去分词2)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被动语态。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3)主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).4)主动形式表示被动意义如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：Thefoodtastesgood.3.非谓语动词对非谓语动词的考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。（1）非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。（2）不定式作宾语补足语Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.　　　　　　　（3）不定式作目的状语Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.　（4）用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词这样的动词有感官动词如：see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等，使役动词如：have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性。　Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.　昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)　Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（5）用不带to不定式的情况使役动词如：let,have,make等和感官动词如：see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。（6）接动名词与不定式意义不同1)stoptodo　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing　停止做某事。　　2)forgettodo　忘记要去做某事。　(未做)　forgetdoing　忘记做过某事。　　(已做)3)remembertodo记得去做某事　　　　(未做)　rememberdoing　记得做过某事　　　(已做)161\n4)trytodo　　努力，企图做某事。　trydoing　试验，试着做某事。5)goontodo　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing　继续做原来做的事。　6)meantodo　打算、想meandoing　意味着4.容易混淆的常用动词的辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法。1)say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?3)talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to,about,with等连用，才可以接宾语。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.4)tell表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.(2)look,see,watch和watch的用法。1)look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?2)see指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?3)watch指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.4）read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.(3)borrow,lend和keep的区别。1)borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?2)lend是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?3)keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.(4)bring,take,carry和get的用法。1)bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?2)take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.161\n3)carry是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?4)get是去某处将某物拿回来。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?(5)wear,puton和dress的区别1)wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿着”的状态。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.2)puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.3)dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dresssb.（给某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wearsth.（穿着衣物）。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.(6)take,spend和use的用法。1)take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.2)spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.3)use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(7)reach,get和arrive的区别。1)reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.2)get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，getto常用于口语中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.3)arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arriveat,到达一个大地方时用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.【实例解析】1.(2004年北京海淀区中考试题）161\nI’minterestedinanimals,soI________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend答案：D。该题考查的是pay,get,takespend这四个动词的用法区别。在这四个动词中，只有spend常用于“spend…dingsth.”的句型里，所以选D。2.(2004年安徽省中考试题)---ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom.---It_________beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mayD.should答案：A。该题考查的是情态动词的用法。表示否定地推测通常用can’t。3.(2004年江西省南昌市中考试题)---Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,IamsorryI_________dinneratmyfriend’shouse.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad答案：C。该题考查的是动词的时态。他们谈论的是昨天晚上某一时刻发生的事情，所以用过去进行时。4.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)---Howlonghaveyou_______themoteobike?---Forabouttwoweeks.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent答案：B。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法区别。这四个动词中只有had是延续性动词，它的现在完成时可以同表示一段时间的时间状语连用。161\n初三系列复习资料（4）数词、冠词考点集汇，讲解和训练四、冠词和数词【考点直击】1.不定冠词a与an的用法2.定冠词the的用法3."零"冠词4.基数词的用法5.序数词的用法【名师点睛】一.冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠词用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：Thatismycap.161\nIhavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：　　ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主语）　　---Howmanywouldyoulike？　　---Three，please．（作宾语）　　ThenineboysarefromTianjing.（定语）　　Sixplusfouristen.（表语）　　Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位语） (2)表示一个具体数字时，hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.　　Theyarrivedintwosandthrees．　(3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：　　Heisinhisearlythirties．　　Hediedstillinhisforties．　　Thistookplacein1930s．(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序数词的用法　（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：161\n　　Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets．　　Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor．　（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：　　We'llhavetodoitasecondtime．ShallIaskhimathirdtime？　　WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak．（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日读作：September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：first→1st                  second→2ndthird→3rd                    fourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd【实例解析】1.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案：A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母应加-s，因此应选A。2.(2004年河北省中考试题)Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案：D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Ninehundred是一个具体的数量，这是数词不能用复数形式，后面也不能加of。所以应选D。3.(2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_______basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词，因此应选D。4.(2004年江西省中考试题)Thisis_______songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit_______beautifulone?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the答案：C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指，特指我给你说过的那首歌，第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。161\n初三系列复习资料（5）代词考点集汇，讲解和训练五、代词【考点直击】1.人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4常见不定代词的一般用法；5.指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6.相互代词的基本用法；7.疑问代词的基本用法。8.关系代词的基本用法。【名师点睛】　代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。一.人称代词　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。　2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：　Iliketabletennis.（作主语）Doyouknowhim?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：---Whosisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.二.物主代词　1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。　2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：　Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.　Thisisherpencil-box.　3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。　　Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.（作主语）　---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?（作表语）　---No.Mineisinmybag.　I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?（作宾语）三.指示代词　指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：　Thisisapenandthatisapencil．　Wearebusythesedays．　Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime．2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：　Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.　WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish．3.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：　TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai．4.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?161\n四.反身代词　英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。　1.作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。　Hecalledhimselfawriter．　WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?　2.作表语。　Itdoesn'tmatter．I'llbemyselfsoon．　Thegirlinthenewsismyself．　3.作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。　Imyselfwashedtheclothes．（=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.）（作主语同位语）　Youshouldasktheteacherhimself．（作宾语同位语）五.不定代词　不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1.some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary..Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.注意：与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的区别1）用作形容词：含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词afew虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词alittle，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么I'mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2）alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修饰副词比较级)Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的区别。用法代名词形容词161\n单数复数单数复数不定another另一个others别人，其他人another(boy)另一个（男孩）other(boys)其他男孩特定theother另一个theothers其余那些人、物theother(boy)另一个男孩theother(boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“theother”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one...,theother...”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some....,others...”句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.4）“theothers”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。I'mstillhungryafterI'vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.4.every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.当我们说eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说everychild和everystudent时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying.5.all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。AllofuslikeMrPope.我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）=WealllikeMrPope.(作同位语)Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.(作主语)That'sallfortoday.(作表语)Whynoteatall(of)thefish?(作宾语)Alltheleadersarehere.(作定语)2）both作代词。①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithus.161\nTheybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents?They'rebothfine.②与“of+代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMary.Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever.Idon'tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth.3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates..Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet.六.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语中，eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。　Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作宾语）　Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作宾语）　Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.（作定语）　Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.（作定语）七.疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主语）Whatisthat?(作表语)Whoseumbrellaisthis?(作定语)Whomareyouwaitingfor?(作宾语)八.关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语.在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I’mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me答案：D。该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。2.(2004年北京市中考试题)---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere_________interesting?---I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything答案：B。该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。3.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each答案：D。该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。4.(2004年安徽省中考试题)---Whereismypen?161\n---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers答案：A。该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。初三系列复习资料（6）介词、连词考点集汇，讲解和训练六、介词和连词【考点直击】1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2.常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。3.并列连词and,but,or,so等的主要用法；4.常用的从属连词的基本用法【名师点睛】1.介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定语)Thegirlwillbebackintwohours.(状语)OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表语)Helpyourselftosomefish.(宾语补足语)2.常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at,inon161\n表示时间点用at。例如：atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。2）since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.Afterfivedaystheboycameback.3）in,afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.（2）表示地点的介词1）at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.2）over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.3）across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.4)infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.3.介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。161\n（3）介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。4.连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。5.并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。6.从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(8)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。7.常用连词的用法辨析（1）while,when,as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.（2）as,because,since,for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：Istayedathomebecauseitrained.---Whyaren’tyougoing?---BecauseIdon’twantto.2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：Ashewasn’tready,weleftwithouthim.SinceIhavenomoney,Ican’tbuyanyfood.3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch----forIwasfeelingquitehungry.（3）if,whether161\nif和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idon’tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引导主语从句时。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.2)引导表语从句时。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.3)在不定式前。例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.（4）so…that,such...that1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.（5）either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.（6）although,but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.”这个句子应改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（7）because,so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.【实例解析】1.（2004年北京市中考试题）---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing?---___________September5.A.OnB.ToC.AtD.In答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。2.(2004年安徽省中考试题)Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow.A.byB.inC.toD.on答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。3.(2004年吉林省中考试题)---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting.---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhaveanaccident.A.andB.orC.soD.but答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。4.(2004年天津市中考试题)Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情”通常用while。因此应选C。161\n初三系列复习资料（7）有关英语句子的考点集汇，讲解和训练七、句子种类【考点直击】按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。【名师点睛】一.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1.陈述句：　　陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。　　Tomhasanewcar.　　Theflowerisn’tbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成　　(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。   Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）   Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）    Wecan’tgettheebeforedark.（否定）　　(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。   Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）   Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinwell.（否定）   Shewonthegame.（肯定）   Shedidn’twinthegame.（否定）(3)如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.→Hehasnotanybooks.(4)除not以外，否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法   祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1.肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。   Bequiet.   Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。   Docomebackatonce!161\n   Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。   Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。   LetJackwaitaminute.   Let’sgotoschool.（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和Letus是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Letus不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。   Let’sgoskating,shallwe?（表示内部的建议）   Letustryagain,willyou?（表示向别人发出请求）2.否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Don’tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday’sworkfortomorrow!Don’tbelatenexttime!三.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1.一般疑问句： （1）一般疑问句的肯定形式   一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。   DoyouknowMr.Smith?   Canyouswim? （2）一般疑问句的否定结构   ①在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Aren’tyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Won’tshelikeit?   ②与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。   Aren’tyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.   Won’tshelikeit? Yes,shewill.　No,shewon’t.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容疑问词或句型例   句回  答职业，身份whatWhatisyourfather?Heisadoctor.161\n姓名或关系whoWhoisthatboy?HeisJack.Heismybrother相貌特征what…like?Whatisshelike?Whatdoesshelooklike?Sheisbeautiful.目的what…for?Whatdidtheycomeherefor?Toattendameeting.原因whyWhydidtheycomehere?Becausetheyhaveameetingtoattend.天气 how what…like?Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?It’sfine.颜色whatcolor…？Whatdolorisherskirt?It’sred.服装尺寸whatsizeWhatsizedoeshewear?Hewars40.几点钟whattimeWhattimeisit?It’s7:30.星期几whatdayWhatdayistoday?It’sTuesday.几号，日期whatisthedate…?Whatisthedatetoday?It’sMay2.年龄（多大）howoldHowoldishe?Heis38.持续多长时间（多久）howlongHowlonghaveyoubeenhere?Forfivemonths.长度（多长）howlongHowlongisthebridge?It’s500metres.距离（多远）howfarHowfarisitfromheretothezoo?It’s6kilometres.频度（多经常）howoftenHowoftendoyoucomeback?Onceaweek.时间经过（多快）howsoonHowsoonwillshearrive?Inanweek.数量（多少）howmany（可数名词）howmuch（不可数名词）Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave?Howmuchcoffeedoyouwant?Three.Twocups.价格howmuchHowmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Fivedollars.高度（多高）howtall（人，树）howhigh（山，建筑物）Howtallisshe?Howhighisthetower?She’s1.73metres.It’s450metres.3.选择疑问句：   选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。   选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。   Isyourbagyelloworblack? It’sblack.。   Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee? Eitherwilldo.。   Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?  Ilikedancingbetter.4.反意疑问句：   反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。   Iamyourteacher,aren’tI?   Hedidn’tstudyhard,didhe?（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：  Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?  Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?  Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?161\n（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”，答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”，而译成汉语时，则必须把yes译“不是”，把no译成“是的”。 ---Youwon’tbeawayforlong,willyou?你不会离开太久，是吗？　　---Yes,Iwill.不，我会离开很久。 ---No,Iwon’t.是的，我不会离开很久。　　---Idon’tthinkshe’llcomebybike,willshe?我认为她不会骑自行车，会吗？　　---Yes,shewill.不，她会骑自行车来。 ---No,shewon’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。四.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别　　感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。1.what引导的感叹句：　（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）　　　Whatabeautifulcityitis!　　　Whataninterestingstoryshetold!　（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）　　　Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!　　　Whatterribleweatheritis!2．How引导的感叹句：　（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）　　　Howcolditis!  　Howhardheworks!　（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）　　　Howheloveshisson!　　　HowImissyou!　（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）　　　Howtallatreeitis! （4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!→Howclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!→Howcolditis!【实例解析】1.(2004年上海徐汇区中考试题)_________usefulcomputeritis!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词是一单数可数名词computer,所以要用what来修饰，又因为useful第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用an。2.(2004年嘉兴市中考试题)---________isitfromJiaxingtoHangzhou?---I’mnotsure,butittakesaboutninetyminutestogettherebybus.A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howfar答案：D。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问距离，所以应用howfar来提问。3.(2004年河北省中考试题)---_______willittakeustogettherebybus?---Abouttwohours.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howquick答案：C。该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是在问时间，所以应用howlong来提问。4.(2004年长沙市中考试题)---Help!Thereisasnakenearthehouse.---________afraid.Itwillgoawaylater.A.Don’tB.NotC.Don’tbeD.Be161\n答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有C。初三系列复习资料（8）宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练八、宾语从句【考点扫描】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。【名师精讲】一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：161\nDoyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【中考范例】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Wouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.(2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.(2004年常州市中考试题)---Wedon’tknow_____________.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom161\n【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。初三系列复习资料（9）状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练九、状语从句【考点直击】1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.原因状语从句4.结果状语从句5.比较状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.161\nHewon’tbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.161\n(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市海淀区中考试题)Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。2.(2004年江西省中考试题)---Shallwegoonworking?---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。3.(2004年徐州市中考试题)Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until”这一句型。4.(2004年泉州市中考试题)---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。初三系列复习资料（10）定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练十、定语从句【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1．定语从句的功用和结构2．关系代词和关系副词的功用3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】161\n一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：161\n1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【中考范例】1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题)---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2.(2004年常州市中考试题)Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4.(2004年益阳市中考试题)Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。161\n初三系列复习资料（11）主谓一致的考点集汇，讲解和训练十一、主谓一致【考点直击】1.语法一致的原则2.意义一致的原则3.邻近一致的原则【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致的原则（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：Hegoestoschoolearlyeverymorning.Thechildrenareplayingoutside.Toworkhardisnecessaryforastudent.（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：BothheandIareright.MrBlackandMrsBlackhaveasoncalledTom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.Thepoetandwriterhascome.（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each,every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：Theteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisitthemuseum.Nobodybuttwoboyswaslateforclass.Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest.（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people,police,cattle,clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.Thepolicearelookingforlostboy.（6）由each,some,any,no,every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Wherearemyshoes?Ican’tfindthem.Yourtrousersaredirty.You’dbetterchangethem.如果这类名词前用了apairof等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.2.意义一致的原则（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsistoodear.（2）有些集合名词，如family,team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：Myfamilyisbigone.161\nMyfamilyarewatchingTV.（3）不定代词由all,most,more,some,any,none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Allofthepeoplehavegone.（4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：Whoisyourbrother?WhoareLeaguemembers?（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.Three–fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.（6）half,therest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：Ihavereadalargepartofthebook,therestismoredifficult.Onlytenstudentsattendedtheclassbecausealltherestwereoffsick.（7）由what引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Whatshesaidiscorrect.Whatsheleftmeareafewoldbooks.（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.Thedeadisafamousperson.3.邻近一致的原则（1）由连词or,either……or,neither……nor,notonly…butalso,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：EitheryouorIamright.Neitherthechildrennortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit.（2）在“Therebe”句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。　　Therearetwoapplesandoneegginit.　　（3）aswellas和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。　　HeaswellasIisresponsibleforit.　　不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。（4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Hereisaletterandsomebooksforyou.【实例解析】1.(2004年天津市中考试题)Howtimeflies!Tenyears________passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Tenyears通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。2.(2004年南通市中考试题)Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother________totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用hasgone而不用hasbeen。3.(2004年吉林市中考试题)161\nNeithermyfather________goingtoseethepatient.A.norIamB.norIareC.ormeareD.ormeis答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致,因此应选A。4.(2004年包头市中考试题)Look!There_______playingwiththetouristsonYinheSquare.A.areanumberofdeerB.areanumberofdeersC.isanumberofdeerD.isanumberofdeers答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是anumberofdeer,是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）初三系列复习资料（12）短语动词和句型的考点集汇，讲解和训练十二.短语动词和句型【考点直击】1.短语动词的辨析；2.英语句子的基本句型结构；3.初中阶段主要句型的用法。【名师点睛】短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。1.短语动词的分类(1)动词＋介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don’tlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)动词＋副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)动词＋副词＋介词常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：GoonandI’llcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.161\n(4)动词＋名词＋介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词＋形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词＋名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.2.短语动词的辨析(1)bemadein（在……生产或制造），bemadeof(由……组成或构成)(2)comedown(下来;落)，comealong(来；随同)，cometooneself(苏醒)，cometrue(实现)，comeout(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，comeover（过来；顺便来访），comein(进来)，comeon(来吧；跟着来；赶快),comeupwith(找到；提出)(3)doone’sbest(尽最大努力),dowellin(在……干得好),doone’shomework(做作业)，dosomereading(阅读)(4)fallasleep(入睡)，fallbehind(落在…..后面)，falloff(从……掉下)，falldown(到下；跌倒)(5)getdown(下来；落下)，geton(上车)，getto(到达)，getup(起床)，getback(回来；取回)，getoff(下来)，getonwellwith(与……相处融洽)，getmarried(结婚)，gettogether(相聚)(6)giveup(放弃)，give…ahand(给与……帮助)，giveaconcert(开音乐会)(7)goback(回去)，goon(继续)，gohome(回家)，gotobed(睡觉)，goover(过一遍；仔细检查)，goout(外出；到外面)，gowrong(走错路)，goondoing(继续做某事)，goshopping(买东西)，goboating(去划船),gofishing(去钓鱼)，gohiking(去徒步旅行)，goskating(去滑冰)，gostraightalong(沿着……一直往前走)(8)havealook(看一看),haveaseat（坐下）,havesupper（吃晚餐）,havearest（休息）,havesports（进行体育活动）,haveacold（感冒）,haveacough（咳嗽）,haveagoodtime（过得愉快）,haveaheadache（头痛），haveatry(尝试；努力)(9)lookfor(寻找)，lookout(留神;注意)，lookover(仔细检查)，lookup(向上看；抬头看)，lookafter(照顾;照看)，lookat(看；观看)，looklike(看起来像)，lookthesame(看起来像)，(10)makefriends(交朋友)，makephonecalls(打电话)，makemoney(赚钱)，makethebed(整理床铺)，makeanoise(吵闹)，makeafaces(做鬼脸)，makeone’swayto(往……走去)，makeroomfor(给……腾出地方)，makeadecision(做出决定)，makeamistake(犯错误)，makeupone’smind(下决心)(11)puton(上演；穿上；戴上)，putup(挂起；举起)，putdown(把某物放下来)，putaway(把某物收起来),putoff(推迟)(12)takeoff(脱掉衣服)，takephotos(照相)，taketime(花费时间)，takeout(取出)，takeaseat(坐下)，takeanactivepartin(积极参加)，takecareof(照顾；照料；注意)，takeexercise(做运动)，takeone’splace(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，taketurn(轮流)(13)talkabout(谈话；交谈)，talkwith(和……交谈)(14)turnon(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turnoff(关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turndown(关小；调低)，turn…over(把…..翻过来)(15)thinkof(认为；想起)，thinkabout(考虑)3.句子的基本句型结构根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如：161\nMymotherisadoctor.Hervoicesoundsnice.(2)主语+不及物动词。例如：Herunsfast.Westudyhard.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如：Childrenoftensingthissong.HestudiesEnglish.1)常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy,finish,feellike,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等。例如：Sheenjoysreadingnovelsandswimming.Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish,hope,agree,plan,decide,refuse等。例如：Wheredowishtosit?Tomagreedtolendsomemoney.3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember,forget等。例如：Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.请记住替我发了这封信。Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得那封信寄过了。Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：Hestoppedtosmoke.他停下来吸烟。Hestoppedsmoking.他停止吸烟了。4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。例如：Iliketoswiminsummer.Ilikeswimminginsummer.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。例如：Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Hegavemeanapple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：Pleasepassmeacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatome.Showmeyournewbook,please.=Pleaseshowyournewbooktome.2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：Wouldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please?=Wouldyoulendyourdictionarytome,please?Tom’smotherboughthimapairofnewshoes.=Tom’smotherboughtapairofnewshoesforhim.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如：Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Ihearsomeonesinginginthenextroom.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：WecallhimJack.Don’tgetyourhandsdirty.2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示161\n的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：Iheardhimsingthatsong.(我听他唱过那首歌。)WhenIcameback,Iheardhimsingingintheroom.(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)3)在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,listento,lookat使役动词let,make,have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseentogointotheroom.4.初中阶段主要句型的用法。1.It'stimeto(for)....表“时间到了；该干…的时间了”之意。It'stimetogohome.It'stimeforschool.注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。2.It'sbad(good)for...表示“对…有害（有益）的”含义。Pleasedon'tsmoke.It'sbadforyourhealth.Pleasetakemoreexercise.It'sgoodforyourhealth.3.belatefor(school)是“上学（迟到）”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。Hewaslateforschoolthismorning.Don'tbelateforclass,please.4.hadbetterdo/notdosth.表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。Youhadbetterputonthecoatwhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside.Wehadbetterstoptohavearest.注意：用hadbetter时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加todosth.否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。5.be(feel)afraidof...表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。Heisafraidofsnakes.Maryfeelsafraidofgoingoutalone.6.enjoydoingsth.是“喜欢（爱好）做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。AreyouenjoylivinginBeijing?Doyouenjoylisteningtomusic?7.stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来做某事It'stimeforclass.Stoptalking,please.Whenshesawme,shestoppedtotalkwithme.8.Let(make)sb.do让（使）某人做某事。Let'sgotoschool.Fathermadehissoncleantheroomagain.注意：当makesb.dosth.用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如：Hissonwasmadetocleantheroomagain.hewasmadetoworktwelvehoursadayinthepast.9.liketodo/likedoingsth.是“喜欢做某事”之意。liketodosth.是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事；likedoingsth.是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如：Iliketoswimintheswimmingpool.我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。（喜欢的具体的地方游泳）Ilikeswimming.我喜欢游泳（只讲喜欢这项运动）10.ask(tell)sb.todo.(nottodo)sth.请（让）某人（不）做某事Jimaskedhismothertohelphimwithhislessons.Whendidyoutellhimnottoshoutloudly?11.give(lend)sb.sth.=give(lend)sth.tosb.给（借给）某人某物Mikegavemeanewpairofstockings.Pleaselendusyourcar.161\n12.bebusydoingsth.表示“忙于做某事”之意。Thestudentsarebusygettingreadyfortheexams.IsMrsBlackbusywashingclothes?13.too...to...表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Theoldmanwastootiredtowalkfarther.14.not……until……是“直……才……”之意。Mydaughterdidn'tgotobeduntil11o'clocklastnight.Wewon'thavetimetorestuntilthesummerholidaycomes.15.so……that是“如此……以致……”的意思。Peterissocleverthatalltheteacherslikehimverymuch.Thesongissowonderfulthateveryonelikestolistentoit.16.neither……nor……是“既不……也不……”之意。Mr.Smithisneitheraworkernorasoldier.Heisascientist.NeitheryounorIamfree.17.enoughtodosth.是“足以去做某事”之意。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.Peterwastallenoughtoreachtheapple.19.prefer……to……是“比起来，还是……好，”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。IpreferEnglishtomaths=IlikeEnglishbetterthanmathsHeprefersplayingfootballtoplayingbasketball.20.not……atall……是“根本不……”之意。Idon'tknowMr.Kingatall.Daviddoesn'tlikesingingatall.21．keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人继续做某事”之意。Mr.Wangdidn'tcometoschoolontime.Shekeptmewaitingfortwohours.Don'tkeepyourmotherdoingeverythingforyouYoushoulddoitbyyourself.22.keepsth.+adj.是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。Pleasekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Thatwoolsweaterkeptherbodywarmenough.23.seesb.doingsth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。Whenmybrotherpassedthepostoffice,hesawalittleboycryingatthedoor.Didyouseeacarcominghere?24.seesb.dosth.是“看见某人做了某事”之意。Thatgirlsawanoldwomanfalldownontheroadyesterday.Haveyouseentheleavesdropintotheriver?25.hearsb.doingsth.是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonesingingonthehill?WeheardhimtalkingwithMr.Liloudlyjustnow.26.hearsb.dosth.表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。Hewasoftenheardtosinginhisroominthepast.Whydidn'tyouhearmecomeintothesittingrom?27.beusedfordoingsth.是“被用来做某事”的意思。Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.Teapotisusedforkeepingteawarm.28.It'sthreemetreslong/high/wide.它是三米长（高、宽）形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It/主语+be+数词+米/公里+形容词。Hisfatherisoneandseventymetrestall.Thatriverisfiftymetreswide.29.What'swrongwith......?/What'stheproblemwith......?/What'sthetroublewith......?/What'sthematter?表示“出了什么毛病？”“…哪儿不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含义。What'swrongwithyourcar?What'swrongwithyou,littlegirl?161\nWhat'sthematterwithyourwatch?30.Wouldyoulike(todo)......?是“你想要…吗？”的意思。like后面可以接名词，词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。Wouldyoulikesomefish?Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?31.Willyoupleasedosth?是“你想要做……吗？”Willyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?Willyoupleasenotopenthewindow?Ifeelcold.32.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时，一般过去式和一般将来时态。Itwilltakeustwohourstogooverallthewordsandexpressions.IttookMrWanghalfanhourtocleanthebedroom.33.I'dlikesb.todosth.是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。I'dlikemyfriendtohelpmewithmylessons.He'dlikeJimtoteachhimhowtousethecomputer.34.There'ssth.wrongwith......是“某物/人出了问题”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。ThereissomethingwrongtheTVset.=SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecar.Itdoesn'tmove.35.Idon'tthinkthat+clause是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意。Idon'tthinkthatanyofthequestionsisdifficult.Wedon'tthinkhewillhavetimetomorrow.36.Whatabout......?表示征求意见，询问消息，是“…好不好？”“…怎么样？”之意。Whataboutsometea?Whataboutyourmother?Issheallright?37.Whynotdo...?是表示建议，“为什么不……？”之意。Whynothavearest?Youhavealreadyworkedforfourhours.Whynotcometoplaygameswithus?=Whydon'tyoucometoplaygameswithus?38.Whatdoyoumeanby......?是“请问…是什么意思？”之意。Whatdoyoumeanby"scientist",please?Whatdoyoumeanby"manager",please?可以说Whatisthemeaningof"manager"?或Whatdoesthe"manager"mean?39.Youlikesingingverymuch.SodoI.你非常喜欢唱歌。我也非常喜欢。SodoI.=Ilikesingingverymuch,too.So在句型"so+be(have，助动词或情态动词)+主语中"有“也”，“同样”的意思，表示前面所说的情况，也适合于另一个人（或物）。Hesawtheaccident,andsodidI.Shecanrideahorse,andsocanI.40.It'seasyforhimtolearnEnglishwell.学好英语对他来说很容易。It's+adj.+forsb.+todosth.是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意。It是代词作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（或短语），为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面。Itisdangerousforchildrentoplayinthestreet.Itwaseasyforhertotidyherroomjustnow.【实例解析】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)Whenhe________home,hesawhismothercleaningtheroom.A.gotupB.gotbackC.gotoffD.goton答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白处所填的短语动词的意思应该是“回到”，所以选gotback。2.(2004年北京市中考试题)Fatherissleeping.You’dbetter________quiet.A.tokeepB.keepC.keepingD.kept答案：B。该题考查的是常见句型。hadbetter后接动词原形，所以应选keep。3.(2004年北京海淀区中考试题)161\n---Wouldyoumind_________mypetdogwhileI’maway.---Sure,noproblem.A.settingupB.lookingafterC.turningdownD.keepingout答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白所填短语动词的意思应该是“照看”，所以选B。4.(2004年常州市中考试题)---Mum,I’moffered8,000yuanamonthofthejob.---Really?Itjustsounds________tobetrue.A.sowellB.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell答案：B。该题考查的是“too…to”句型的应用。toogoodtobetrue表示太好了，以至于不会是真的。初三系列复习资料（13）交际用语的考点集汇，讲解和训练十三、交际用语【考点扫描】近年来的中考试题中，对日常交际用语的考查比重越来越大。涉及到在各种情景下的问和答；涉及到英语国家的文化习俗；涉及到口语和书面表达。考查的形式有听力理解，有补全对话，有单项选择，有情景反应，有书面表达。【名师精讲】初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是：1.问候Greetingsa.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.Howareyou?b.Fine,thankyou,Andyou?Verywell,thankyou.2.介绍Introductionsa.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade….b.Howdoyoudo?Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.c.Mynameis….I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).3.告别Farewellsa.Ithinkit’stimefortoleavenow.b.Goodbye!(Bye-bye!Bye!)Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)Goodnight.4.打电话Makingtelephonecallsa.Hello!MayIspeakto…?Isthat…(speaking)?b.Holdon,please.He/Sheisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?c.Icalledtotell/askyou…161\nd.Goodbye.5.感谢和应答Thanksandresponsesa.Thankyou(verymuch).Thanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor…b.Notatall.That’sallright.You’rewelcome.6.祝愿，祝贺和应答Goodwishes,congratulations,responsesa.Goodluck!Bestwishestoyou.Haveanice/goodtime.Congratulations!c.Thankyou.d.HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!Happybirthdaytoyou.e.Thesametoyou.7.意愿IntentionsI’mgoingto…Iwill...I’dliketo…Iwant/hopeto…8.道歉和应答Apologiesandresponsesa.I’msorry.(Sorry.)I’msorryfor/about…Excuseme.b.That’sallright.Itdoesn’tmatter.That’snothing.9.遗憾和同情RegretsandsympathyWhatapity!I’msorrytohear…10.邀请和应答Invitationsandresponsesa.Willyoucometo…?Wouldyouliketo…?b.Yes,I’dloveto…Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.c.I’dloveto,but…11.提供（帮助等）和应答Offersandresponsesa.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Here,takethis/my…Letme…foryou.Wouldyoulikesome…?b.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.c.No,thanks/thankyou.That’sverykindofyou,but…12.请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionandresponsesa.MayI…?161\nCan/CouldI…?b.Yes/Certainly.Yes,doplease.Ofcourse(youmay).That’sOk/allright.c.I’msorry,but…You’dbetternot.13.表示同意和不同意Expressingagreementanddisagreementa.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Yes,please.Yes,Ithinkso.b.That’strue/OK.That’sagoodidea.Iagree(withyou).c.No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.14.表示肯定和不肯定Expressingcertaintyanduncertaintya.I’msure.I’msure(that)…b.I’mnotsure.I’mnotsurewhether/if…c.Maybe/Perhaps15.喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikesa.Ilike/love…(verymuch).Ilike/loveto…b.Idon’tlike(to)…Ihate(to)…16.谈论天气Talkingabouttheweathera.What’stheweatherliketoday?How’stheweatherin…?b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?17.购物Shoppinga.WhatcanIdoforyou?May/CanIhelpyou?b.Iwant/I’dlike…Howmuchisit?That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.That’sfine.I’lltakeit.Letmehave…kilo/box,etc.c.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?d.Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,etc.?18.问路和应答Askingthewayandresponsesa.Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto…?HowcanIgetto…?Idon’tknowtheway.b.Godownthisstreet.Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.It’sabout…metresfromhere.19.问时间或日期和应答Askingthetimeordateandresponsesa.Whatdayis(it)today?161\nWhat’sthedatetoday?Whattimeisit?What’sthetime,please?b.It’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.It’sJanuary10th.It’sfiveo,clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.It’stimefor…20.请求Requestsa.Can/Couldyou…forme?Will/wouldyouplease…?MayIhave…?b.Pleasegive/passme…Pleasewait(here/amoment).Pleasewaitforyourturn.Pleasestandinline/lineup.Pleasehurry.c.Don’trush/crowd.Nonoise,please.Nosmoking,please.21.劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestionsa.You’dbetter…Youshould…Youneed(to)…b.Shallwe…?Let’s…What/Howabout…?22.禁止和警告Prohibitionandwarningsa.Youcan’t/mustn’t…Ifyou…,you’ll…b.Takecare!Becareful!Lookout!23.表示感情Expressingcertainemotionsa.喜悦Pleasure,joyI’mglad/pleased/happyto…That’snice.That’swonderful/great.b.焦虑AnxietyWhat’swrong?What’sthematter(withyou)?I’m/He’s/She’sworried.Oh,whatshallI/wedo?c.惊奇SurpriseReally?Ohdear?Isthatso?24.就餐Takingmealsa.Whatwouldyouliketohave?Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?b.I’dlike…Wouldyoulikesomemore…?Helpyourselftosome…c.Thankyou.I’vehadenough/Justalittle,please.161\n25.约会Makingappointmentsa.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?Shallwemeetat4:30at…?b.Yes,that’sallright.Yes,I’llbefreethen.c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree…a.Allright.Seeyouthen.26.传递信息Passingonamessagea.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto…?b.askedmetogiveyouthisnote.c.Thanksforthemessage.27.看病Seeingthedoctora.There’ssomethingwrongwith…I’vegotacough.Ifeelterrible(bad).Idon’tfeelwell.I’vegotapainhere.Thisplacehurts.b.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.It’snothingserious.You’llberight/wellsoon.28.求救Callingforhelpa.Help!b.What’sthematter?29.语言困难LanguagedifficultiesPardon.Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.Whatdoyoumeanby…?I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.30.常见的标志和说明SomecommonsignsandinstructionsBUSINESSHOURSFRAGILEOFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUPOPENMENUCLOSEDNOSMOKINGPULLNOPARKINGPUSHNOPHOTOSONDANGER!OFFPLAYENTRANCESTOPEXITPAUSEINSTRUCTIONS同学们在中考复习时，首先应熟记教材第一至三册中出现的常用交际用语和习惯表达法。重点掌握问路、打电话、购物、看病、就餐和谈论天气等六种情景中的表达方法。明确学习交际用语的目的是为了培养与讲英语人士进行口头交际的能力。学习日常交际用语，要了解西方的风土人情，必须记住一些典型的日常交际用语；要明确谈话的场合和对象，因为在许多交际场合，怎么问和怎么答都有一些约定俗成的语言；要注意中西文化传统和背景的不同，使用得体的语言。因此，同学们必须熟悉这些套话，熟练地掌握它们。这样才能结合自己所处的环境，知道在什么时候、什么地方、用什么方式、对什么人使用恰当的语言表达出自己的意思，给予正确的应答，还要能自如应付各种形式的测试，如单项选择、对号入座、补全对话及排列顺序等。做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点：161\n1.要根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达法。2.要正确判断出对话的情景。3.问话或答语不能离题。4.用筛选法选择正确对话。5.从语意进行判断。6.根据习惯用法进行选择。7.答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。8.要使用文明礼貌的语言。9.要遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。【中考范例】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)---Wouldyouliketogooutforawalkwithus?---_________,butImustfinishmyhomeworkfirst.A.OfcoursenotB.That’sallrightC.I’dlovetoD.Yes,Ido【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是如何婉拒别人的邀请。对方邀请出去散步，但因为要做家庭作业而婉言拒绝。符合这一情景的答语只有C。2.(2004年江西省中考试题)---Ihaven’tseenJackforthreedays.Isheill?---________.Hismothertoldmethathewasinhospital.A.IamafraidsoB.IhopenotC.Idon’texpectD.Iamafraidnot【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是如何回答别人的询问。对方询问某人是否有病，由于答话人已经知道某人有病（从后一句答语可知），只能给出肯定回答。3.(2004年济宁市中考试题)---Thankyouforyourdeliciousdinner.---__________.A.Don’tsaythatB.It’snothingC.Idon’tthinksoD.I’mgladyouenjoyedit【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是如何回答别人的感谢和赞扬。说英语国家的人在回答别人的感谢和赞扬时与中国人的习惯不同,他们不是自我谦虚，而是表示高兴。4.(2004年济宁市中考试题)Turntheboxover,please.Can’tyouseethewords“________”?A.DANGERB.MENUC.THISSIDEUPD.FRAGILE【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是常用英语标志和说明。只有看到箱子上有“THISSIDEUP”这样的标志，才能发现箱子放倒了，才会让对方把箱子反过来。161\n初三系列复习资料（15）单项填空的考点集汇，讲解和训练十五、单项填空及其解题方法【考点扫描】单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广，题量大。其主要考查点是：1.考查基本语法;2.考查同义词、近义词的辨析；3.考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配；4.考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。【名师解难】由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境，抓住关键词。具体应注意以下几点：1.复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。2.在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境，就很容易答错题。3.在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。4.掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同，对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。由于单项选择覆盖面广，其解题思路也多种多样。下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解题方法。1.直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：---Willyoucometothenetbars（网吧）withme?---Sorry.Mymotheralwaystellsme___________there.A.notgoB.goC.nottogoD.togo根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tellsb.nottodosth.，故此题应选C。161\n2.关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词（keywords）。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例如：Hehardlyhurthimselfintheaccident,_______________?A.doesn'theB.didn'theC.didheD.doeshe该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有hardly,never,little,few等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同，此处hurt未加s，应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。---Whatdidyousee,Mary?---Isawalotoftreeson_______________ofthelake.A.eithersideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.otherside在平时练习中，我们接触的多是下列表达：onbothsidesoftheroad/street/river。但本题中lake无两边之分，只能是“在四周”。所以正确答案是B。本题中lake一词成为关键词。3.类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定，例如：---Who'sthemanatthedoor?---___________________________.A.HeisadoctorB.HeisafriendofmineC.HeisafamoussingerD.Heistwenty仔细分析备选答案就可发现：A、C选项针对的是“职业”。若A是对的，那么C也会是对的。D回答的是年龄。故惟有B才是正确的。4.前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前，透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案，例如：---Heisn'tateacher,ishe?---__________________.Heworksinahospital.A.Yes,heisB.No,heisn'tC.Yes,Heisn'tD.No,heis本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答，我们知道“他”的身份不是教师；否定反意疑问句回答中的Yes其实际含义为“不”，No的实际含义为“是”。因此应选择的是B。再如：---It'sdangeroustoplayhere.---Allright.Let'sgoandfinda_______________place.A.quietB.safeC.brightD.dark联系上下文即可弄清语境：既然在这里玩危险，那么就找个安全的地方。此题应选B。5.排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪，例如：Thegirlaskedtheteacher_______________.A.whatdoesthemuseumlookslikeB.whatdidthemuseumlooklikeC.whatthemuseumlookslikeD.whatthemuseumlookedlike本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系。主句动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态，故A、C被排除。而B中有词序错误，所以D为正确答案。6.交际法此方法可用30个交际用语，联系上下文直接解题，例如：---Wouldyouliketohaveanothercupoftea?---_______________________________.A.Yes,IdoB.NotalallC.No,thanksD.Helpyourself本题主要考查简答交际用语的应答。对别人的邀请，如果表示不接受时，应委婉说出，不能断然拒绝。因此，选C是最佳答案。以上六种方法，大家要在具备扎实的基础知识条件下，灵活运用。同时，我们还要提醒大家注意以下几点：161\n（1）不要受母语思维习惯的影响。学习外语常常会受母语习惯的影响。因此解题时也常会受母语思维模式的影响，例如：---__________________isthecapitalofAmerica?---Washington.A.WhereB.WhatC.InwhereD.Inwhich汉语中常可这样发问“美国的首都是哪儿?”所以有人会选A，但英语中where是副词，表示地点。本句是问美国首都是哪个城市，所以正确的选择是B。再如：___________it'sdifficulttolearnEnglishwell,__________youshouldneverdropit.A.Though;butB.Though;×C.Because;soD.Because;×汉语中有关联词“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”，但在英语中though与but,because和so是不可搭配使用的。由题意可知只有B是正确答案。（2）防止定势思维。有些固定搭配或习惯表达法大家掌握较牢靠，但也正是由于受到这些习惯表达的影响，犯一些思维定势的错误，例如：Iwon'tcomeback_______________August5and7.A.untilB.bothC.betweenD.for受not…until这一固定搭配的影响，很多人会选A。但若仔细审题，则答案应选C。因为“回来”这一动作不能同时发生在两个不同的日期。再如：Canadaislargerthan_____________countryinAsia（亚洲）.A.anyotherB.otherC.anyD.allothers“比较级+anyother+单数名词”是一种典型的比较级结构。所以有人会选A。但Canada是美洲国家，和亚洲国家相比不存在与自身相比较的问题。所以不可用other排除自身。正确的答案选C。（3）防止“鱼目混珠”。有些词由于词性、词义不同，它的用法也不同，应注意辨别，例如：---Doyouknowifhe________________toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe________________freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willhe若不注意审题，很容易误选A。但若仔细分析，就会发现前者if作“是否”解，而后者意为“如果”。二者分别引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。英语中，只有在时间、条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，在其他从句中无此用法。所以C是正确答案。再如：Hemadefaces_____________thebaby_____________crying.A.tomake;stopB.make;stopC.make;tostopD.tomake;tostop题中两个make用法不同。makefaces意为“做鬼脸”，后接动词不定式作目的状语；后一个make意为“使得”，是一个使役动词，其后接动词原形作宾补，即makesb.dosth.所以此题应选A。【中考范例】(2004年陕西省中考试题)21.---HaveyoueverheardfromyourauntsinceshewenttoHongKong?---Yes,I’vejustgotaletterfrom__________.A.herB.hersC.sheD.herself【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是代词用法。这个句子的基本结构时getaletterfromsb.因为from是个介词，后面所跟代词应用人称代词的宾格her。22.I’mreadingnow.Pleasetellhim_______theTVabit.A.turnupB.turnoffC.toturndownD.toturnon【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是短语动词辨析。题干所提供的语境是“我正在看书”，因此应告诉他把电视拧小一些。所以应选turndown。23.I’msureyouknowthedifference_________“lookfor”and“find”.A.fromB.forC.toD.between【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是介词的用法。题干的意思是“我确信你知道‘lookfor’和‘find’两者之间地区别。“两者之间的”只能用between来表示。161\n24.There________afootballmatchonTVthisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词have和句型therebe的区别。A,C,D都是句型therebe和动词have的混合，都是错误的。只有B一个选项正确。25.Atalkonscience_______inourschoolnextMonday.A.willgiveB.willbegivenC.hasgivenD.hasbeengiven【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词时态和语态。时间状语是nextMonday,所以动词应用一般将来时，因此应排除C和D。而主语是动作的承受者，所以应用被动语态。只有选项B正确。26.SinceChinahasbeenamemberofWTO,Englishis________usefulthanbefore.A.moreB.mostC.muchD.very【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是形容词的比较级。在句末有thanbefore字样，表明要用形容词的比较级，而useful的比较级是moreuseful,所以应选more。27.It_______YangLiweiabout21hours_______theearth14timesinhisspaceship.A.spent,circlingB.took,travellingC.spent,totravelD.took,tocircle【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的用法。本句子的结构是Ittooksb.sometimetodosth.只有D能用在这一结构中。28.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_______forhalfanhour.A.hasleftB.hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法。因为本句中的时间状语是forhalfanhour，表示的是一段时间，所以应和延续性动词连用。四个选项中只有hasbeenaway能表示延续性的动作。29.Iamwaitingformyfriend._________,Iwillgoswimmingalone.A.Ifhedoesn’tcomeB.Ifhewon’tcomeC.IfhewillcomeD.Ifheiscoming【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是在时间状语从句里的时态。在时间状语从句里，通常用一般现在是代替一般将来时。30.---Couldyoutellme_______?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从语的语序和时态。第一，宾语从句应用陈述句的语序；第二，表示“在会上所说的话”应用一般过去时。【满分演练】单项天空1.Annissocarefulthatshealwaysgoesoverherexercisesto_______________therearenomistakes.A.lookforB.makesureC.findoutD.thinkabout2.---WhichofthetwoEnglishdictionarieswillyoubuy?---I'llbuy_________ofthem,soIcangiveonetomyfriend,Hellen.A.eitherB.neitherC.allD.both3.He__________twothousandtreessince1985.A.plantsB.plantedC.willplantD.hasplanted4.___________youfreelastnight?A.WereB.WasC.AreD.Do5.---Dad,whenwillyoubefree?Youagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.---Iamsorry,Jean.ButIthinkIwillhavea_____________holidaysoon.A.four-daysB.four-dayC.fourdaysD.fourday6.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper____________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if7.___________comesfromcows.A.WoolB.ChickenC.PorkD.Milk161\n8.Whichofthefollowingdoespaperburnin?A.CO2B.N2C.O2D.He9.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust___________downtoomanytrees.A.stoptocutB.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocutD.bestoppedfromcutting10.---Youmustcomebackeverymonth.---Yes,I__________________.A.willB.mustC.shouldD.can11.Thedoctordidwhathecould_________________thatchild.A.saveB.tosaveC.savedD.saving12.---Canyouguessifthey_____________toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_______________tree.A.come;areB.willcome;willbeC.willcome;areD.come;willbe13.Iwilltellyouhowtogettotheplace;you'dbetter_____________it__________.A.try;onB.get;offC.take;downD.pick;up14.---AnnhasgonetoShanghai.---So_____________herparents.A.doB.hadC.didD.have15.---HowlongcanI______________thesebooks?---Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.buy16.Ittakesus_________hourormoretogotomyhometownby________train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;不填D.a;不填17.Lucytriedherbesttofindagoodjobinthecity,butshehadno_________.A.troubleB.ideaC.luckD.time18.Therearethree_______________studentsintheschool.A.thousandsB.thousandsofC.thousandofD.thousand19.Ihavetospeaktomygrandpaloudlybecausethere's___________withhisears.A.wrongsomethingB.somethingwrongC.anythingwrongD.nothingwrong20.---I'vehadenoughbread.Wouldyoulike_____________?---Nothanks.A.afewmoreB.onemoreC.anothermoreD.somemore21.I'moldenoughtowash_________clothesbymyself.Youcanjustwash______.A.my,yourB.mine,yoursC.my,yoursD.your,my22.Thefatherwishedthetwinstobedoctors,but__________ofthemlikedtostudymedicine.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.none23.NowHelenworks______________thanbefore.A.morecarefullyB.morecarefulC.muchcarefulD.muchcarefully24.Wearedoingmuchbetter__________English________ourteacher'shelp.A.in,atB.at,inC.in,withD.with,with25.Ifyoulikethechicken,youmayhaveas_____________asyoucan.A.muchB.manyC.moreD.little26.---Mum,Billiscomingtodinnerthisevening.---OK.Let'sgivehim_____________toeat.A.somethingdifferentB.differentanythingC.anythingdifferentD.differentsomething27.Theletteris___________inFrench.Icannotreadit.A.writingB.writtenC.wroteD.writes28.---YourspokenEnglishismuchbetter.---Thankyou.Myteacheroftenasksus___________Englishas__________aspossible.A.tospeak,manyB.nottospeak,much  161\nC.tospeak,muchD.nottospeak,more29.It'sgettingdark.Please______________thelight.A.turnoffB.turnonC.turndownD.turnup30.Martinisgoodatfishing,________________?A.isheB.doesheC.isn'theD.doesn'the31.--Doyouknowhimwell?---Sure.We_____________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade32.Carsandbuses___________stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.A.canB.needC.mayD.must33.Johnfellasleep_____________hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas34.---MayIspeaktoJohn?---Sorry,he____________Japan.Buthe_________intwodays.A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willbebackC.hasbeenin,wouldcomebackD.hasgoneto,won'tconeback35.---Doyouknow__________________?---Theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn.A.whenwouldtheGreensmovehereB.whentheGreensmovedhereC.theGreenswouldmovehereD.whentheGreenswouldmovehere36.Yourbedroomisverybig,but___________israthersmall.A.sheB.JaneC.herD.hers37._____________bookonthedeskis___________usefulone.A．The;anB．A;aC．The;aD．The;/38.---WhenwasourPartyfounded?---Itwasfounded_________________.A．onOctober1,1949B．inMay,1922C．onJuly1,1921D．inAugust,192739.Thismathsproblemis____________andIcandoit_____________.A．easy;easilyB．easily;easilyC．easy;easyD．easily;easy40.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem_____________?---Certainly.A．somebottlesofwatersB．somebottlesofwaterC．somebottleofwaterD．somebottleofwaters41.Thereisstillalittleorangehere,but_____________peoplewanttodrinkit.A．littleB．alittleC．fewD．afew42.Mr.YugavesomenewwordstoLucyandaskedherto_____________ontheblackboard.A．writeitdownB．writethemdownC．writedownitD．writedownthem43.---MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?---No,you__________.Youmayhavearestfirst.A．mustn'tB．can'tC．maynotD．needn't44.---Whendidyougotobedlastnight?---Ididn'tgobed____________myfathergothome.A．untilB．whileC．afterD．when45.---Doesyousisterremembertoreturnthelibrarybooktoday?---Oh,yes.Thankyou.She's_______________itfortwoweeks.A．keptB．hadC．borrowedD．keeping46.TheteachertoldXiaoMing_______________lateforschoolagain.A．nottobeB．notbeC．don'tbeD．notto47.Couldyoutellme__________________?A．wheredoesLiLeiworkB．wheredidLiLeiworkC．whereLiLeiworksD．whereLiLeiworked161\n48.---Jonecouldswimwhenshewasonlyfouryearsold.---______________cleverthegirlwas!A．HowB．WhataC．WhatD．Howa49.---Where'sTomnow?---He________________thepostoffice.A．hasbeentoB．hasgonetoC．wenttoD．goesto50.---Hi,Kate.We'regoingtohelpGrandmaLiwithherhouseworkthisSaturdayafternoon.---_________________________.A．SoIamB．SodoIC．SoIdoD．SoamI【练习答案】1.B2.D3.D4.A5.B6.D7.D8.C9.D10.A11.B12.C13.C14.D15.C16.C17.C18.D19.B20.D21.C22.B23.A24.C25.B 26.A27.B28.C29.B30.C 31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A36.D37.C38.C39.A40.B41.C42.B43.D44.A45.A46.A47.C48.A49.B50.D初三系列复习资料（16）完形填空的考点集汇，讲解和训练十六、完形填空及其解题方法【考点扫描】“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：1.语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2.具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3.固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5.根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。完形填空题的考查目的：1.考查同学们阅读理解能力。2.考查同学们语法知识。3.考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。【名师解难】一、完形填空题的命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容：1、词汇：此类题目考查的内容是：近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法：此类题目考查的是：各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构：此类题目考查的是：文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次：161\n1、句子层次2、句组层次3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。分析近几年陕西省的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。二、完形填空的解题技巧前面我们已经分析过，完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤：1、通读全文，了解大意做这类题目是，首先应该把文章通读一遍，了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立，但从全文看又不可取。例如：2002年北京海淀区中考试题中的完形填空题：AhotdogisoneofthemostpopularAmericanfoods.Itwasnamedafterfrankfurter,aGermanfood.Youmayhear“hotdog”1inotherways.Peoplesometimessay“hotdog”toexpress2.Forexample,afriendmayask3youwouldliketogotothecinema.Youmightsay“Great!Iwouldlovetogo.”Or,youcouldsay,“4!Iwouldlovetogo.”People5usetheexpressiontodescribe(描写)someonewhoisa“show-off”,whotriestoshoweveryoneelsehow6heis.Youoftenhearsuch7calleda“hotdog”.Hemaybeabaseballplayer,forexample,who8theballwithonehand,makinga(n)9catchseemmoredifficult.Youknowheisahotdogbecausewhenhemakessuchacatch,hebows(鞠躬)tothecrowd,hopingtowintheir10.1.A.eatenB.usedC.cookedD.picked2.A.strengthB.practiceC.pleasureD.reply3.A.ifB.howC.whenD.where4.A.HotdogB.Don’tworryC.NevermindD.Excuseme5.A.everB.alsoC.stillD.yet6.A.hopefulB.carefulC.kindD.great7.A.adogB.alandC.apersonD.anaction8.A.catchesB.playsC.passesD.throws9.A.hardB.funnyC.excitingD.easy10.A.thanksB.cheersC.medalsD.matches如果不看后面的文章内容，短文的第一个题所给第四个选项都可以填入空白处，不论是从语法的角度，还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度，都是能够站得住脚的。但如果继续看完这一段短文之后，你就会领悟到，“hotdog”在这里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能选used。有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题，就着手去填，填到最后，才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符，不得不在从头开始。费时又费力，还不易做准确，这种方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顾后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。一般来说，文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类：一类是语法正确，而意思不对；另一类是意思正确，而语法错误；第三类是语法正确，意思也正确。在选择答案时，一定要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构，习惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。3、认真复查，适当调整填空全部做完以后，应把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法结构是否正确。一般来说，如果意思连贯，情节合理，语法结构正确，就意味着选答没有问题；如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通，语法结构有问题，就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲，进行调整。【中考范例】（2004年陕西省中考试题）Onceuponatime,somechildrenwereplayingatseasidewhentheyfoundaturtle(海龟).Theybegantobeattheturtle.Justatthattime,ayoungmancameandsaidtothem,“Stop!”Thechildrenran31quickly.Theturtlewasverythankfulandsaid,“Thanksforyourkindness.Ireallywouldlike161\n32youtoawonderfulpalacenow.”Theyoungmanrodeonthebackoftheturtleandwastakentothesecretpalaceinthesea.Whenhe33thepalace,hewasverysurprisedandsaidtotheturtle,“Whatanicepalace!”Tothankhim,thekingoftheturtlesgavehim34.Hehadneverseensuchadinnerbefore.Hereceivedawarmwelcomethereandwasvery35everything.Afterdinner,thekingoftheturtlessaid,“Iamgoingtogiveyoutwoboxes,36youcanopenonlyone.”“Youmustn’topenboth.Don’tforgetit!”theturtlewarnedhim.“Allright.Iwillopenonlyone,”theyoungmanpromised(许诺).Atthistime,alargewavesenthimoutofthesea.Afterhe37,heopenedthebiggeroneofthetwoboxes.38theboxwasfullofgold.“MyGod!”hecried.“I’m39now.”Thenhethought,“Thingsintheotherboxmustbeexpensive,too.”Hecouldnotwaitanylonger.Hebrokehispromiseandopenedtheotherbox.Assoonasheopenedit,hebecameanoldman.Hishairturnedwhite.Hisface40anoldmanovereightyyearsold.Itallhappenedinamoment.Hewassorryforwhathedid,butitwastoolate.31.A.throughB.awayC.intoD.out32.A.wantingB.askingC.toletD.toinvite33.A.leftforB.arrivedonC.arrivedatD.gotaway34.A.averybigdinnerB.averypoordinnerC.averybaddinnerD.averysmalldinner35.A.pleasedwithB.strictinC.angrywithD.sorryfor36.A.soB.orC.butD.as37.A.wentbacktohomeB.wasbackhomeC.wentbacktotheseaD.wasbackthesea38.A.TohissurprisingB.Toone’ssurprisingC.Toone’ssurpriseD.Tohissurprise39.A.apoormanB.arichmanC.anoldmanD.ayoungman40.A.likedB.feltlikeC.lookedlikeD.looked31.B根据上下文判断，那些孩子们应该是跑走了。所以应选away。32.Dwouldlike之后应接不定式，年轻人就了海龟的命，海龟应是“邀请年轻人到宫殿去。”33.C到达某个地方应用arrivedat。34.A按照逻辑，海龟国王要感谢他，必然设盛宴招待他。所以应选abigdinner。35.A海龟国王盛情招待他，所以他对一切都满意。pleasedwitheverything表示的就是这个意思。36.C海龟国王给了他两个盒子，但只准他打开一个。这里有一个转折关系，所以应选but。37.B年轻人在海里见到了海龟国王，得到了两个盒子以后，应该回家，而不是回到海里。而回家应是wentbackhome。38.D使他感到惊讶的是，用英语表示就是Tohissurprise。39.B他得到了金子，当然应该是arichman。40.C由于贪心，他的头发变白了，脸“看起来”像八十多岁的老头。从2004年的完形填空题来看，难度不大，全部题目都属于句子层次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短语的固定搭配，再多做一些精选的练习，做好完形填空题是不难的。【满分演练】(1)　　Averynew,yungofficerwasatarailwaystation.Hewasonhiswaytovisithismotherin  1town.Hewantedtotelephonehertotellherthetimeofhistrain,  2  shecouldmeethimatthe  3  inhercar.Helookedatallhispockets,but  4  thathedidnothavetherightmoneyforthetelephone,sohewentonandlooked  5  forsomeonetohelphim.Atlastanoldsoldiercameby,andtheyoungofficerstoppedhimandsaid,“Canyouchangethemoney  6  me?”　　“Waitamoment,”thesoldier  7 ,andhebegantoputhishandinhis 8  “I’llseewhetherIcanhelpyou.”　　“Don’tyouknowhowtospeaktoanofficer?”theyoungofficersaidangrily“Nowlet’s  9  again,Canyouchangethemoneyforme?”　　“No,sir,”theoldsoldieranswered  10 .1．A．otherB．theotherC．anotherD．one161\n2．A．soB．sothatC．becauseD．when3．A．placeB．stationC．streetD．stop4．A．knewB．thoughtC．foundD．foundout5．A．upB．downC．aroundD．into6．A．toB．withC．forD．and7．A．answeredB．spokeC．toldD．smiled8．A．coatB．handbagC．walletD．pocket9．A．startB．tobeginC．doingD．ask10．A．easilyB．fastC．happilyD．quickly(2)　　OneofCharlieChaplin’smostfamousfilmswas“TheGoldRush”ThefilmwassetinCaliforniainthemiddleofthe  1  century.Atthattime,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaandthousandsofpeople  2  theretolookforgold,soitbecame  3  as“thegoldrush”Peoplesaidgoldcould  4  bepickedupbywashingsandfromtheriverinapanofwater.Thiswasknownas“panningforgold”　　Inthefilm,ChaplinandhisfriendareinCalifornia.Sofar,theyhavebeen  5  intheirsearchforgoldandhavenomoneyatall.They  6  inasnowstorminasmallwoodenhouse.Theyhave  7  Theyaresohungrythatthey  8  apairofshoes,byboilingtheminapanofwater.Chaplinsitsdown  9  thetableandeatstheshoe.Hemakesitseemasifthisisoneofthe  10  mealsthathehaseverenjoyed.1.A．nineteenB．ninetiethC．nineteenthD．ninth2.A．wentB．leftC．climbD．found3.A．famousB．knownC．wonderfulD．great4.A．hardB．easilyC．difficultyD．slowly5.A．unhappyB．unsuccessfullyC．unluckyD．unluckily6.A．havegotB．meetC．arecaughtD．live7.A．alittlefoodB．somewaterC．nothingD．nothingtoeat8.A．wearB．cookC．makeD．mend9.A．atB．byC．nearD．beside10.A．biggestB．dearestC．cheapestD．mostdelicious(3)OncetherewasaboyinToronto.HisnamewasJimmy.Hestarteddrawingwhenhewasthreeyearsold,andwhenhewasfivehewasalreadyvery___1___atit.Hedrewmanybeautifulinterestingpictures,andmanypeople___2___hispictures.Theythoughtthisboywasgoingtobe___3___whenhewasalittleolder,andthentheyweregoingto___4___thesepicturesforalotofmoney.Jimmy'spictureswerequitedifferentfromother___5___becauseheneverdrewonallofthepaper.Hedrewon___6___ofit,andtheotherhalfwasalways___7___."That'sveryclever,"everybodysaid."___8___otherpeoplehaveeverdonethatbefore."Onedaysomebodyaskedhim,"Pleasetellme,Jimmy.Whydoyoudrawonthebottom(底部)halfofyourpictures,___9___notonthetophalf?""BecauseI'msmall,"Jimmysaid,"andmybrushes(毛笔)can't___10___veryhigh."1.A.poor       B.sad       C.glad    D.good2.A.bought     B.brought   C.sold    D.took3.A.different  B.clever    C.famous  D.rich4.A.buy        B.show      C.leave   D.sell5.A.men's      B.people's  C.boy's   D.child's6.A.half       B.part      C.side    D.end7.A.full       B.empty     C.wrong   D.ready8.A.No         B.Some      C.Any     D.Many9.A.then       B.and       C.but     D.or10.A.change     B.turn      C.pull    D.reach (4)"Jane,pleaseletmeborrowadollar,"Jennyaskedastheystoodintheschoollunch."Ihaveoneinmyjacket,butIdon'twantto___1___andlosemyplace."161\n"OK,"agreedJane.JanewaitedalldayforJennyto___2___backthedollarsheborrowed,butJennyseemedtobe___3___."She'sjustforgotten,"thoughtJane."Idon'twantto___4___herangry."Still,hermoneydidn'tgofar.Someclassmates,likeJenny,weregettingfivedollarsaweek.Weekswentby.AtlastJanegotupenoughcouragetotellheraboutthe___5___."Oh,Jane,Iforgot!"Jennysaid,"I'll___6___thedollartomorrow."ThenextdayJennyseemedtohaveforgottenagain.DuringthenoonhourJanesawher___7___sweetsforMaryandAnn.JennysawJanelookingather.___8___shesaidsomethinginalowvoicetotheothertwogirls.Janefelt___9___andaskedherteacherifshecouldgobacktotheclassroom.Intheclassroom,JanesawtwonewpencilsinJenny'sdesk.An___10___cametoher."Jenny'snotkindlately,andanyway,shereallyowesme.Adollardoesn'tmeananythingtoher,butitmeansalottome."1.A.stay      B.wait    C.leave    D.take2.A.return    B.lend    C.show     D.pay3.A.busy      B.happy   C.free     D.sad4.A.let       B.make    C.keep     D.find5.A.money     B.lunch   C.place    D.classmate6.A.remember  B.bring   C.give     D.pass7.A.borrowing  B.making  C.selling  D.buying8.A.Even      B.Again   C.Then     D.Instead9.A.alone     B.sad     C.hungry   D.lucky10.A.end       B.answer  C.idea     D.excuse(5)　　Mondayisthebeginningoftheweek;itisthedaymostAmericanslikeworst.Thedaythey___1___mostisSaturday.Saturdayisthe___2___oftheworkweek;itisthebeginningoftheweekend.　　Lifeis___3___ontheweekend;mostAmericans___4___careoftheirhouses,carsandgardens.Theysleep___5___inthemorning.Theyenjoythefeelingthatthetime___6___tomovemoreslowly.　　Theworkweekisforthingsyou___7___todo;theweekendisforthingsyou___8___todo.Somepeoplemaygetinacarfora___9___inthecountry.Theyliketotakepartinasportsactivityoutofdoors.AndonSaturdaynighttheymightgotopubliceating___10___orafilm.1.A.like    B.dislike    C.spend   D.leave2.A.middle  B.beginning  C.end     D.day3.A.worse   B.difficult  C.better  D.different4.A.make    B.take       C.look    D.pick5.A.earlier  B.later      C.faster  D.shorter6.A.decides B.wants      C.spends  D.seems7.A.enjoy   B.hate       C.have    D.find8.A.like    B.start      C.get     D.check9.A.drive   B.walk       C.fishing D.washing10.A.place   B.house      C.room    D.apartment(6)　　Intheolddays,inLondon,thesmogwasverythick.Carandbusdrivers___1___todriveveryslowly.They___2___sawtheroadinfrontofthemevenduringthedaytime.Peopledidnotlikegoingoutinthesmog.___3___theyhadtogoout,theywore"smogmask"overtheirfaces.　　InDecember1952,avery___4___darkcloudcamedownoverLondon.Itwasthe___5___smogLondonershadeverhad.___6___ofitwasbadfactorysmoke.Nearlyfiftypeoplediedinroadaccidents.Butmanymorepeoplebecameunhealthy.Thesmogwasvery___7___foroldpeopleandchildren.Onemansaid,"Thestreetswerealmost___8___becausepeoplestayedathomeasmuchaspossible.Theairwasverythick,andyoucouldalmostcutitwithaknife."　　Afterthreeweeks,thesmogbeganto___9___.Butinthefollowingweeksandmonthsover4000peoplediedasa___10___ofthesmog.1.A.hurried    B.stayed  C.had      D.stopped161\n2.A.easily     B.hardly  C.already  D.freely3.A.If         B.So      C.Though   D.Because4.A.clear      B.thick  C.thin     D.small5.A.hottest    B.nicest  C.worst    D.best6.A.Much       B.Many    C.Afew    D.Alittle7.A.favourite  B.strong  C.dangerous D.weak8.A.empty      B.full    C.dirty    D.clean9.A.remember   B.forget  C.arrive   D.lift10.A.part       B.usual   C.end      D.result(7)Mother'sdayisaholidayformothers.ItiscelebratedintheUnitedStates,England,Sweden,India,Mexicoandanyother___1___.Littlebylittle,it___2___widelycelebrated.Mother'sdayfallsonthesecondSundayinMay.___3___,manypeoplesend___4___oflovetotheirmothers.Thosewhosemothersarestillliving___5___apinkorredrose,whilethosewhosemothersare___6___wearawhiteone.The___7___ofadayformotherswasfirstgivenbyMissAnaJarvisofPhiladelphia.Asaresultofherhardwork,thecelebrationforthefirstAmericanMother'sDay___8___inPhiladelphiaonMay10,1908.Soonthe___9___becamepopularalloverthe___10___andaroundtheworld.1.A.homes           B.schools        C.countries  D.cities2.A.gives           B.becomes        C.stays      D.begins3.A.Foralongtime B.Inthemorning C.Atatime  D.Onthatday4.A.presents        B.things         C.hello      D.calls5.A.put             B.take           C.wear       D.dress6.A.ill             B.healthy        C.dead       D.busy7.A.idea            B.plan           C.need       D.meeting8.A.held            B.washolding    C.washeld   D.ishe.ld9.64.day               B.holiday        C.month      D.time10.A.country         B.America        C.place      D.England(8)Theideal(理想的)teachermaybeyoungorold,tallorshort,fatorthin.Heshould___1___hissubjectverywellandlikelearningsomethingaboutothersubjects.Theidealteachermustbefullofstrongfeelingsofwonderorinterest.Hemust___2___teachanythinghehimselfisnot___3___in.Heshouldbelikeamanwhocanactandshouldnotbeafraidto___4___hisfeelingsandtellotherpeoplewhathelikesandwhathedoesn'tlikeclearly.Hemustlikehisstudentsandrespectthem,andhemustalsorespecthimselfandbeproudofhiswork.___5___hedoesn't,hecannotrespecthisstudentsand___6___respectfromthem.Theidealteachershouldhavean___7___ofhisstudentsandbeabletogetonwellwiththem.Heneedsstudents'understanding,too.Theidealteachershouldbekindand___8___andheshouldgivehopetohisstudentstolearnknowledge.Theidealteachershouldseehisstudents'___9___sothathecanknowhowtoencouragethegrowthof___10___ofhisstudents.Theidealteacherisonewhogrows,learns,andmakeshimselfbetteralongwithhisstudents.Sowhatabouttheteacheraroundyou?1.A.like  B.know   C.choose      D.remember2..A.never B.ever  C.even        D.still3.A.weak  B.well  C.interested  D.strict4.A.hold  B.show  C.pass        D.keep5.A.Since  B.As    C.If          D.Because6.A.give  B.lose  C.change      D.win7.72.A.understanding  B.idea        C.exercise  D.excuse8.A.forgetful      B.helpful     C.quick     D.lucky9.A.lists          B.mistakes    C.cards     D.differences10.A.each           B.every       C.one       D.either(9)Hawaiiisfamousforitsbeautifulbeaches.Everyyearwatersports,especiallysurfingandwater161\nskiingattract1touriststotheisland.Hawaiihasbenamagicalnametopeoplewholiketotravel2manyyears.Peopleon3sidesofthePacificOcean（太平洋),inJapanandinAmerica,dreamof4thesebeautifulislandsinthemiddleoftheocean.Inthetropical（热带的)lands,thesundropslikeaballofgoldenfireintothesea,anditdropsso5thatyoucanalmostseeitmove.Thesunleavesbehindaglow（落日余辉)thatlightstheskyinthequietwater.Peopleoftenhaveaquiet,enjoyabletimewalkingalongthewater.Thissceneryisnotverydifferentfromtheexcitingbeautythatgreetedthefirsttouriststotheseislandscenturiesago.Theycameincanoesnotmuch6thansmallboats.Theyfoundthebeautifulwhitesandbeachesandthewavingpalmtrees（棕榈树)，buttherewerenograndhotelslike7weseetoday.ThefirstpeoplecametoHawaiinearly8yearsago,butskyscraper（摩天大楼)hotelswereonlybuiltinthelast25years.NowaeroplanesmakeitpossibletoflytoHawaiiforaweekendfromTokyo9SanFrancisco.10peoplecomefrom,theyreallywanttoseetheearliestbeautyofHawaii.Theywanttoseethelovelybeachesandthemountainswhicharealmosthiddenbythetallhotels.1.A.manyB.muchC.anyD.no2.A.byB.withC.forD.since3.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.every4.A.toseeB.SeeingC.SeeD.saw5.A.happilyB.quietlyC.heavilyD.quickly6.A.bigB.bigerC.biggerD.biggest7.A.theoneB.theonesC.thisD.that8.A.twothousandsB.twothousandsofC.twothousandD.twothousandof9.A.toB.ofC.inD.or10.A.WhereverB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Whenever(10)Mobilephonesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularnotonlywithgrownupsbutalsowithstudents.Meanwhile,theyalso1aproblemformiddleschoolsinthepastfewyears.SomechildrenhavegotmobilephonesasChristmasorbirthdaygifts,andmorewill2wantthem.ManylikeSMSbecauseitiseasyand3.Someparentsfelthappybecausetheycouldgetintouch4theirchildren.Someteacherssaidmobilephoneusewasadistraction（分心的事)tostudentsduringschoolhoursanditalsogavethemmuch5intheirclassrooms.Sometimesstudents6usephonemessagestocheat（作弊)duringexams.Anewstudyfoundthatsometeenagerssendmessagesinclassevenhurttheirfingersbecausetheycan’tstop7SMS.Manyteacherssuggestedthatstudentsshouldnothavephonesatschool,8iftherewasagoodreason,theycould9theirphonesatschooloffice.Manypeoplethinktheyunderstand10parentswouldwanttheirchildrentohavethem,buttheyagreeschoolshouldletthestudentsknowwhentheycanusetheirmobilephones.1.A.becauseB.hadbecomeC.havebecomeD.willbecome2.A.stillB.yetC.alreadyD.too3.A.quicklyB.quickC.hurryD.sharp4.A.againstB.onC.withD.to5.A.businessB.informationC.thingsD.trouble6.A.dareB.havetoC.shouldD.might7.A.usingB.touseC.usedD.usedto8.A.andB.butC.thoughD.however9.A.missB.leaveC.lieD.fetch10.A.whetherB.becauseC.whyD.since(11)Ifirstsawthebabypandawhenshewasonly10daysold.Shelookedlikeawhitemouse.We1herXiWang.Itmeans“hope”.WhenXiWangwasborn,sheweighed(重)2100grams(克).XiWangdrankhermother’smilkforasmuchas14hoursaday.Whenshewassixmonthsold,shestartedtoeatbambooshoots(嫩芽)161\nand3.Eightmonthslater,shewasnotasmallbabyanymore.Shegrewintoa4youngpandaandweighed35kilos.WhenXiWangwas20monthsold,shehadtolookafterherself5hermotherhadanotherbaby.6,itisverydifficultforpandastoliveinthewild(野外).Herearesomeofthe7thatpandaslikeXiWangmayhaveinthefuture.Ifhunters(猎人)catchapanda,theywillkillitforitsfur(毛皮).Iffarmers8treesandforests,pandaswillhavenoplacetolivein.Whenmothersleavebabypandasalone,peoplewilloftentakethemaway.Peoplethinkthatthebabypandasneed9.Ifpandasareindanger,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectthem.Ifwedo10,soontherewillbenomorepandasintheworld!1.A.madeB.calledC.toldD.kept2.A.quiteB.mostlyC.justD.hardly3.A.leavesB.vegetablesC.treesD.chips4.A.strangeB.weakC.famousD.healthy5.A.thoughB.untilC.becauseD.whether6.A.LuckilyB.SuddenlyC.SadlyD.Especially7.A.examplesB.questionsC.mattersD.problems8.A.cutdownB.plantC.protectD.water9.A.moneyB.helpC.clothesD.family10.A.nothingB.everythingC.anythingD.something(12)IntheUSA,childrenstartschoolwhentheyarefiveyearsold.Insomestates(州)theymuststayinschool1theyaresixteen.Butmoststudentsareseventeenoreighteenyearsoldwhenthey2secondary(中等的)schools.TherearetwokindsofschoolsintheUSA:publicschoolsandprivate(私立的)schools.3childrengotopublicschools.Theirparentsdonthaveto4theireducationbecausetheschoolget5fromthegovernment（政府）.Ifachildgoestoaprivateschool,hisparentshavetogetenoughmoneyforhisschooling.Someparents6likeprivateschoolsthoughtheyaremuchmoreexpensive.Todayabouthalfofthehighschoolstudents7inuniversitiesaftertheyfinishsecondaryschools.Astudentatastateuniversitydoesnthavetopayverymuch8hisparentsliveinthatstate.Manystudents9whiletheyarestudyingatuniversities.Inthiswaytheygetinto10workinghabits(习惯)andlivebytheirownhands.1.A.andB.soC.tillD.since2.A.leaveB.enterC.reachD.pass3.A.SeveralB.MostC.AfewD.Few4.A.worryaboutB.payforC.askforD.thinkof5.A.booksB.teachersC.foodD.money6.A.stillB.neverC.surelyD.already7.A.playB.changeC.studyD.meet8.A.beforeB.becauseC.ifD.though9.A.smokeB.drinkC.fightD.work10.A.goodB.badC.happyD.wrong【练习答案】(1)1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.C7.A8.D9.A10.D(2)1.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.C7.D8.B9.A10.D(3)1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D (4)1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.B 10.C(5)1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A (6)1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.D(7)1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A5.C 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A(8)1.B 2.A 3.C4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.D10.A161\n(9)1.A2.C3.A4.B5.D6.C7.B8.C9.D10.A(10)1.C2.A3.B4.C5.D6.D7.A8.B9.B10.C(11)1.B2.C3.A4.D5.C6.C7.D8.A9.B10.A(12)1.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.A7.C8.C9.D10.A初三系列复习资料（17）阅读理解的考点集汇，讲解和训练十七、阅读理解及其解题方法【考点扫描】阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。中考阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1.阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；3.体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等。中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：(1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?(3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.(4)Thepassagetellsusthat______.(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.2.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?(3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?(4)Choosetherightorderofthispassage.(5)Fromthispassageweknow________.3.考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：(1)Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans________.(2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto_______.(3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“”means________.(4)Here“it”means________.4.考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：(1)Manyvisitorscometothewriter’scityto________.(2)SomeshopscanbebuiltDonfengSquaresothattheymay_____.(3)Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause_____.(4)WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?5.考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：(1)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea______.(2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.161\n(3)Fromtheletterswe’velearnedthatit’svery_____toknowsomethingaboutAmericansocialcustoms.(4)Fromthestorywecanguess______.(5)Whatwouldbehappyif…?6.考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。(1)HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?(2)Thewriterwritesthistextto______.(3)Thewriterbelievesthat______.(4)Thewritersuggeststhat______.【名师解难】明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的方法和技巧。1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。（3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：（1）主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文,议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：2003年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain(食物链)。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。在这篇短文之后有一道考查主题的阅读理解题：59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断：这篇短文最好的标题是FoodChains。（2）主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2002年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgoodevenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoesnotmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,somelessexpensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。（3）无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。请看2004年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:161\nKillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomakemorehoney（蜂蜜).Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred(繁殖)andmadeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn’twanttomakemorehoney.Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilianbeesoutside.Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制)theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBraziltoVenezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfiveyears.Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（叮)manymoretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,killerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.InafewyearstheywillreachallovertheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killerbees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killerbees”的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killerbees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killerbees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killerbees”就是这篇文章的主题。在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：59.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____________.A.HowtomakemorehoneyB.KillerbeesC.AfoolishscientistD.Howtofeedkillerbees毫无疑问，答案应该是：B。2．如何根据上下文猜测词义？猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：(1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如：甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短语).Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”….Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”短文后面有一个理解题目：John“letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe________.A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacatC.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthesameas“totellasecret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。(2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料A。其中第三段是这样的：Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethechildrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillaskthepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.文章后面有这样一道题：53.Inthetext,“putanendto”means“___________”.A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly161\n根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。(3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如：福州市2004年中考英语试题的阅读材料B。Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.101.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽从语法上看，steam和hotwater是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。(4)根据背景和常识判断。请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料C:WatchingsomechildrentryingtocatchbutterfliesoneAugustafternoon,Iwasremindedofanincidentinmyownchildhood.WhenIwasaboyoftwelveinSouthCarolina,somethinghappenedtomethatmademeneverputanywildcreature(livingthing)inacage(笼子).Welivedontheedgeofaforest,andeveryeveningatduskthemockingbirdswouldcomeandrestinthetreesandsing.Thereisntamusicalinstrumentmadebymanthatcanproduceamorebeautifulsoundthanthesongofthemockingbird.IdecidedthatIwouldcatchayoungbirdandkeepitinacageandinthatway,Iwouldhavemyownprivatemusician.Ifinallysucceededincatchingoneandputitinacage.Atfirst,beingscared,thebirdfluttered(扑腾)aboutthecage,butfinallyitsettleddowninitsnewhome.Ifeltverypleasedwithmyselfandlookedforwardtosomebeautifulsingingfrommylittlemusician.Ontheseconddayofthebird’scaptivity,mynewpet’smotherflewtothecagewithfoodinhermouth.Thebabybirdateeverythingshebroughttoit.Iwaspleasedtoseethis.CertainlythemotherknewbetterthanIhowtofeedherbaby.ThefollowingmorningwhenIwenttoseehowmycaptive(caged)birdwasdoing,Idiscovereditonthefloorofthecage,dead.Iwasterriblysurprised!Whathadhappened!Ihadtakenextremelycareofmylittlebird,orsoIthought.ArthurWayne,thefamousornithologist,whohappenedtobevisitingmyfatheratthetime,hearingmecryingoverthedeathofmybird,explainedwhathadhappened.“Amothermockingbird,findingheryounginacage,willsometimesbringitpoisonberries(毒莓).Shethinksitbetterforheryoungtodiethantoliveincaptivity.”NeversincethenhaveIcaughtanylivingcreatureandputitinacage.Alllivingcreatureshavearighttolivefree.60.Anornithologistisprobablyapersonwho____________.A.studiesbirdsB.lovescreaturesC.majorsinhabitsD.takescareoftreesOrnithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：(5)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。(6)根据因果关系猜测词义。3．如何确定细节和事实？在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。请看2003年陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第48小题：161\nWhatdoplantsmakefoodfrom?Theymakefoodfrom_______.A.sunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandairB.water,sunlightandthingsinthesoilC.waterandthingsinthesoilandairD.water,sunlightandthingsinthesoil这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：Plantsare“factories”.Theymakefoodfromsunlight,waterandthingsinthesoilandair.4．如何进行推断？所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种：（1）事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。请看2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解第14小题：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn’tbeencaught.D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon’twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。推断题还包括以下几个方面：（2）指代推断：确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。（3）逻辑推断这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。【中考范例】请看2004年陕西中考英语试题阅读理解A部分:A)根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。（共5小题，计5分）(A)NowTVprogramsplayanimportantpartinourdailylife.Wecangetalotofknowledgeandalotoffunfromit.TodayisSaturday.ThefollowingaresomeTVprogramsondifferentchannelstoday.NowreadtheseTVprogramsandtrytofindsomeinformationforyouandyourfamilymembers.SXTVChannel713:12FootballMatchXATVChannel415:30TVPlaySXTVChannel618:30CartoonFilmCCTVChannel112:38LawTodayCCTVChannel119:00NewsReportCCTVChannel321:00TheLatestMusic41.Mygrandfatherisinterestedinlaws.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1atnoon.42.Myfatherisafootballfan.Heprefersfootballmatches.HecanwatchCCTVChannel1.161\n43.MymotherlikeswatchingTVplays.ShewantstowatchXATVChannel4intheafternoon.44.Mysisterisonlysixyearsold.Iwanttofindaprogramforher.IthinkshecanwatchCCTVChannel6.45.I’mastudent.Ilikemusic,butIamverybusytonight.SoIcanwatchCCTVChannel3thisevening.41.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中我们可以看到，中午12点38分中央电视台1频道有“今日说法”节目，父亲当然可以观看。42.B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。查看中央电视台1频道所有的节目没有一个是播放足球赛的，所以这个陈述是错误的。43.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中我们可以看到，15点30分陕西电视台4频道播放电视剧，母亲完全可以看。44.B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。从表中可以看到，查看中央电视台6频道所有的节目没有一个是六岁的妹妹看的儿童节目。45.B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。今天晚上我很忙，因此不可能看电视。再看2004年阅读理解B部分：B)阅读下面连篇短文，从个小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。（共10小题，计20分）(B)Theunderseaworldisverybeautiful.Nowmoreandmorepeoplewanttodiveinthewatertofindthesecretsthere.Scubadivingisanewsporttoday.Itcantakeyouintoawonderfulunderseaworld.Youwillfindmanystrangeanimalsinthesea.Someareaslargeasaschoolbus.Manyseaanimalsgiveoutlightinthedarkandsomehavesharpteeth.Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands.Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.However,youcan’tdivetoodeep.Andyoumustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwater.Thedeepseaisnotaneasyplacetolivein.It’scold,andit’sdark,too.Thedeeperitis,thelesssunlightthereis.Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkinthesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.Somehavebigeyes.Afewhaveeyesononeside.Besides(除了)thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger---otheranimals.Animalseat!Theymustfindfoodtoeat.Manyanimalseatplants.However,someAnimalseatmeat.Thismeanstheseseaanimalshaveanimalshavetwobigjobs.Theyneedtofindanimalsasfood,andtheyhavetotrynottobecomeotheranimals’meal.46.Whydopeoplewanttodiveinthesea?Because________.A.theywanttocatchfishB.theywanttofindthesecretsoftheunderseaworldC.theseaisdeepD.thereareallkindsofplantsinthesea47.Inthedaytime,whenyoudiveinthesea,you_________.A.canseeeverythinggreenandblueB.can’tbeindangerC.canatchnothingD.can’tseeanythingclearly48.Howmanydangerswillanimalsmeetinthedeepsea?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.49.Whenyoudoscubadiving,youcan__________.A.stayindeepwaterforalongtimeB.divevery,verydeepC.liveindeepwatereasilyD.divefreelywithoutanydangers50.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?161\nA.Oneanimalsfindssomethingtoeat,anditmaybeeatenbyothers.B.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,manyanimalscanfindtheirwaybyhearingandfeeling.C.Thedeepertheseais,thedarkerandcolderitis.D.Atthedepthof3,000feetunderthesea,allanimalscanfindtheirwaybyseeing.46.B。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章开头的第二句明确说明了这一点。“现在越来越多的人想潜水，为的是寻找海下世界的秘密”。47.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章第三段开头就说明了这一事实。“Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Here,underthesea,everythingisblueandgreen.”48.C。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第5段说明了这一问题：Besides(除了)thecoldanddarkness,deep-seaanimalsfaceathirddanger---otheranimals.49.A。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第三段有这样一句话：Whenyouhavebottlesofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.背着空气瓶潜水就是“scubadiving”。50.D。这是一道考查细节和事实的题目。文章的第四段有这样的叙述：Atabout3,000feet,thereisnolightatall.Itisdarkinthesea.Manyfisheshavenoeyes.在3，000米的深处，一点光线都没有，很多于都没有眼睛，他们怎麽能够通过“看”来找到路呢？【满分演练】(1)根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.Theysaythattheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Theyoftenthinktheirparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergivenafreehand.Parentsoftenfinditdifficulttowintheirchildren’strust(信任)andtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking.It’soneoftheirwaystoshowthattheygrowupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeopleworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplan(计划)thingsaheadanddon’tliketheirplanstobechanged.Whenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomething,youwillhavebettersuccess(成功)ifyouaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybyclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse.Buttheydon’tmeantocause(引起)anytrouble.Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeople’sworldandtheywanttomakeanewculture(文化)oftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdon’tliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplefeelveryunhappy.Sometimesyouevendon’twantyourparentstosay,“Yes”towhatyoudo.Youwanttostayathomealoneanddowhatyoulike.Ifyouplantocontrol(控制)yourlife,you’dbetterwinyourparentstrustandtrytogetthemtounderstandyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility(责任感),theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.1.Whenyoungpeoplearewiththeirparents,theydon’tfeelpleased.2.Whatyoungpeoplethinkisdifferentfromwhatolderpeopledo.3.Whatyoungpeopledoistomaketheirparentsunhappy.4.Whenchildrengrowup,theyhopetoletthemdoeverythingalone.5.Ifyoutrytogetyourparentstounderstandyou,youmustdowellineverything.(2)根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。Yesterdayevening,whenIwenttotownwithmymother,wemetastrangeoldman.Itwasraininghardandwehadnoumbrella(伞).Weweretryingtogetintoataxiwhenhecameuptous.Hewascarryinganiceumbrellaandhesaidthathewouldgiveittousforonlyapound.Hehadforgottenhiswallet,hesaid,neededtaxi-fare(出租汽车费)togobackhome.Mymotherdidn’tbelievewhathehadsaidatfirst,andaskedhimalotofquestions.Buttheoldmandidn’tgetintoataxi.Wefollowed(跟随)161\nhimandfoundhewentintoapub(小酒店)andboughthimselfaglassofwhiskey(威士忌)withthepound.Afterhedrankit,heputonhishatandtookuponeofthemanywetumbrellasthereandwentoffwiththenewone.Soonafterthat,hesolditagain.1.Theoldmansoldanumbrellatothewriterandhermother.2.Hegaveittothemforonlyapoundbecausehehadforgottenhiswalletandneededtaxifaretogobackhome.3.Theumbrellawasworthmorethanonepound.4.Theoldmansoldhisownumbrella.5.Hewasanhonestman.(3)根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。In1605,ascientisttookawillowbranch(柳枝)andplantedit.Hedidn’tplantitintheground,however.Heplanteditinavaseofsoil(泥土).Forthenextfiveyears,thescientistwateredthatwillowcarefully.Thewillowgrewandgrew.Wherediditgetthefoodforitsgrowth?Tomostpeople,thiswasaneasyquestion.Thewillowplant,ofcourse,tookthefoodfromthesoil.Thescientist,however,wantedevidence(证据).Ifthewillowtookthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth,then,asitgrewandweighedmore,thesoiloughttoweighless.Heweighedthewillowbranchbeforeheplantedit.Itweighedfivepounds.Thenheweighedthesoil.Itweighed200pounds.Afterfiveyears,heweighedtheplantandthesoilagain.Thewillowtreeweighed169pounds,butthesoilweighedalmostthesame.Theresult(结果)wassurprising.Wheredidthe164poundscomefrom?Aftermanyinvestigations(调查),thescientistgottheanswer.Hehadgivenwatertothewillow,andthewillowgotitsfoodfromthewater.Hewasright,inaway.Todayweknowmoreaboutthequestion.1.Thescientistdidtheexperimentinthesixteenthcentury.2.Mostpeoplethoughttheplantgotthefoodfromthesoilforitsgrowth.3.Thesoilinthevaseweighedtwohundredpounds.4.Thescientistfoundthatthewillowgrewandweighedmoreandthesoilweighedless.5.Thesoilweighed164poundsafterfiveyears.6.Nowweknowaboutthequestionasmuchasthescientistdid.(4)根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用”A”表示，错误的用“B”表示。OneafternoonBobandJanewerewalkingalongaquietstreetwhentheyheardabignoisefromthestreetcorner.Theyranthereandfoundthatasmallcarhadknockedintothesideofatruck.Boththecardriverandthetruckdriverwerehurt.“Bob,”saidJane,“runbackdowntheroadtoMrsDay’shouse.Askhertocallthepoliceandtheambulance(救护车).Hurryup.I’llstayhere.”Bobwentoffasfastashecould.TherewasnothingJanecoulddobutwait.Sheknewthatwhenpeoplewerehurtinanaccident，theyshouldn’tbemoved.Itwasn’tlongbeforethepolicecarandtheambulancearrived.Thepolicemengotthecardooropenandmovedthemanout.Thentheygotthetruckdriverout.Luckily，themenweren’tbadlyhurt，buttheywerebothtakentohospital.ThepolicementhankedBobandJane.“Youwereverygoodtoactsoquicklywhenyousawtheaccident.Thankyouforallyourhelp.”1.Theaccidenthappenedinaquietstreetoneafternoon.2.Bob，Jane，MrsDayandthepolicemenheardthenoise.3.Bothofthedriverswerehurtintheaccident.4.JaneaskedBobtocallthepolice.5.Janehadgotthedriversoutbeforethepolicemenarrived.(5)InAmerica,justasinEurope,menusuallyopendoorsforwomen,andwomenalwayswalkaheadofmenintoaroomorarestaurant,unless（除非）themenhavetobeaheadoftheladiestochoosethetable,toopenthedoorofacarordosomeotherthingsliketheaboveOnthestreet,menalmostalways161\nwalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficButifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshouldwalkbetweenthemThenifthehost（男主人）orhostess（女主人）orbothofthemcomeinacartogettheirguestfordinner,theguestshouldsitatthefrontseatandleavethebackseatthoughthereisnopeoplesittingonit1．InAmericamenusually_______A．walkaheadofwomen B．eatinarestaurantC．walkbehindwomen   D．driveacartowork2．Inthestreetmen________A．crossthestreetB．walkontherightsideoftheladiesC．walkontheclosersideoftheladiestothetrafficD．walkneartheladies3．Ifamanwalkswithtwoladies,heshould_________A．walkbetweenthem  B．runbeforethem  C．followthem  D．goaway4．IfMrs.Greenwantsyoutoherhouseinacar,youshould_________A．sitbesideaguest   B．sitatthefrontseatC．sitatthebackseat D．drivethecar(6)LastSundayIsawtheworststorm（暴风雨）inyearsItcamesuddenlyandwentonformorethanthreehoursAfterlunch,Iwentintomyroomtohavearest.Theairwashot,andallwasquietThenstrongwindstartedblowingintomyroomPiecesofpaperonmydeskflewhighintotheairandsomeflewoutoftheopenwindowAsIranouttocatchthem,bigdropsofrainbegantofall.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingharderandharderItriedveryhardtoclosethewindowThenIheardaloudcrashing（碰撞的）soundfromthebackofthehouse.Iranoutofmyroomtorindoutwhatitwas,abigtreehadfallendownandbrokenthetopofthebackroom.1．Beforethestorm,theweatherwas__________A．cold  B．cool  C．warm  D．hot2．Thewindblewsomeofthepaper___________A．alloverthefloor  B．outofthedoorC．intothebackroom  D．outoftheopenwindow3．Thetopofthebackroomwasbrokenbecauseof__________A．thestrong  B．thefallingtree  C．therain  D．thecrashingsound(7)Lighttravelsataspeedwhichisaboutamilliontimesfasterthanthespeedofsound.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferencebywatchingthestartofarace.Ifyoustandsomedistanceawayfromthestarter,youcanseesmokefromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyourears.ThisgreatspeedoflightproducessomestrangefactsSunlighttakesabout8minutestoreachusIfyoulookatthelightofthemoontonight,rememberthatthelightraysleftthemoon1.3secondsbeforetheyreachedyouTheneareststarissofarawaythatthelightthatyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltowardsyoufouryearsagoataspeedofnearly2millionkm.perminute.Insomecases,thelightfromoneoftonight'sstarshadstartedonitsjourneytoyoubeforeyouwereborn.Thus,ifwewanttobehonest,wecan'tsay,"Thestarsareshiningtonight"Wehavetosayinstead,"ThestarslookprettyTheywereshiningfouryearsago,buttheirlighthasonlyjustreachedtheearth."1．Lightspeedis________soundspeedA．asfastasB．amilliontimesslowerthanC．aboutmillionsoftimesfasterthanD．aboutamilliontimesfasterthan2．Ifyoustand200metresawayfromamanwhoisfiringaguntostartarace,youwillfindoutthat_______A．youcanhearthesoundbeforeyouseethesmokeB．thesounddoesnottravelasfastas161\nlightC．thesoundwillreachyoubeforethemanfiresD．soundtravelsaboutamilliontimesfasterthanlight3．Sunlightobviously（明显地）_________thanthelightofthemoonA．hastotravelagreaterdistance  B．moveslessquicklyC．travelsmuchmorequickly         D．islesspowerful（有力的）4．Thescientificwayofsaying"Thestarsareshiningtonight"shouldbe________A．thestarshavebeenshiningallthetimeB．thestarsseentonightwillshinefouryearslaterC．thestarswereshininglongagobutseentonightD．thestarlightseentodaycouldbeseenfouryearsago(8)Drinkingtoomuchalcohol（酒，酒精）seemstogivepleasuretomanypeopleHabitalonecankeeppeopledrinkingHowever,manyheavydrinkerscanoffersomeotherreasonsfortheiractions.Rightnowdoctorsaregettingsomeattentionintheirprotestsagainstheavydrinking.ManypeoplehavecutdownontheirdrinkingIngeneral,everyonebelievesthedoctors'warnings.Itissometimesveryeasytostopdrinkingheavily.Forexample,atapartyamanhasjustonedrink.Hecanstopthinkingabouthavinganotherone.Bothhealthconsiderationsandthehighcostofdrinkinghelphimtostayawayfromalcohol.Allofhisfriendshelp,too.Theyalwaysunderstandhisproblemandarereallyconcerned.Theheavydrinkerneedsfriendslikethese.1．Drinkingtoomuchalcohol________A．seemstogivepleasuretomanypeopleB．isahabitC．isreasonableD．willdogoodtopeople2．Paragraph（段落）2says:A．DoctorsareagainstheavydrinkingB．Peopleusuallybelievethedoctors'warningsC．ManypeoplehavecutdownontheirdrinkingD．alloftheabove3．Aheavydrinker_________A．believesthedoctors'warningsB．hasnoreasonsfordrinkingC．needsfriendstohelphimstopdrinkingheavilyD．can'tstayawayfromalcohol4．Thebesttitleforthepassageis________A．Alcohol  B．NoDrinking  C．AHeavyDrinker  D．GiveItUp(9)Tomdidn'tlivetoofarawayfromschool.Sohewentthereandcamebackonfooteveryday.Onhiswaytoschoolhepassedawetplaygroundwhenitrained.Onedaytheboycamehomeverywet.Hismotherbecameveryangryandsaid,"Don'tplayinthewateronyourwayhomeortoschool."Thenextdayhecamehomeverywetagain.Hismotherbecameevenangrier."Iwilltellyourfatherifyoucomehomewetagain,"shesaid,"Thenhe'llpunishyou."Thenextdaytheyoungboywasdrywhenhecamehomefromschool."Youwereagoodboytoday,"hismothersaid,"Youdidn'tplayinthewater,""No,"heansweredsadly,"ThereweresomanybigboysinthewaterwhenIgottherethisafternoonthattherewasn'tanyroomformeatall."1.Therewasa______onhiswaytoschool.A.park  B.lake  C.playground  D.river2.Tom'smothergotangrybecause________.A.Tomwasallwet          B.TomwasdryC.Tomdidn'tgotoschool  D.itrained3.Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordpunishis________.A.同意  B.惩罚  C.怜悯    D.放弃 (10)161\nWHERETOSTAYINBOSWELLYOURGUIDETOOURBESTHOTELSName/AddressRoomNumberSingleRoomDoubleRoomSpecialAttractionsFIRSTHOTEL222EdwardRoadTel.4146433120$25$35Air-conditioned(空调)roomsFrenchrestaurantNightclubSwimmingpoolShopsCoffeeshopandbarTelephone,radioandTVsetineachroomClosetothecitycenterFAIRVIEHOTEL129NorthRoadTel.5915620450$12$18ClosetotheairportTelephoneineachroomBar,Restaurant,Garage(车库)SwimmingpoolORCHARDHOTEL233EdwardRoadTel.6416446470$15$20FacingFirstHotelEuropean(欧式的)restaurantTVsetCoffeeshopLaundry(洗衣店)anddry-cleaningshopsOSAKAHOTEL12364VenningRoadTel.6438200180$30$50Air-conditioned(空调)roomsJapaneseandChineserestaurantsSwimmingpoolLargegardenShopsChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetableabove.1.IfyouwanttoeatChinesefood,youwillgototherestaurantin________.A.theFairviewHotelB.theFirstHotelC.theOrchardHotelD.theOsakaHotel2.Thecheapestpriceforasinglebedis________in______inBoswell.A.$12,theFirstHotel  B.$15,theOsakaHotelC.$12,theFairviewHotel  D.$25,theOrchardHotel3.Thenumberoftheroomsinthehotelwiththebestspecialattractionsis_______.A.120   B.470   C.450  D.1804.IfaJapanesetravelerlikestoeatinaFrenchrestaurant,_________istherightplaceforhimtogoto.A.233EdwardRoad   B.12364VenningRoadC.222EdwardRoad   D.129NorthRoad5.WhichhotelfacestheOrchardHotel?A.TheFirstHotel  B.TheOsakaHotelC.TheFairviewHotel  D.NoHotel(11)Ronistenyearsold.HelovestowatchTV.ButforonefullyearhedidnotwatchTVatall.Whatwasthereason?Ron’sparentssaidtheywouldgivehim$600ifhedidn’twatchTVforayear.Ron’sparentsthoughthewatchedtoomuchTV.Onedayhismothersawanews-paperstoryaboutaboywhodidn’twatchTVforayear.SheshowedthestorytoRon.Ronlikedtheidea.HeturnedofftheTVrightaway,andsaid,“Itdoesn’tbothermenottowatchTV.Ijustwantthemoney.”Atfirst,Ron’sparentswereveryhappy.Ronreadbooksandnewspapers,playedoutside,playedcomputergames,andplayedcardswithhismother.Butaftersometime,hegotbored(厌烦).Every161\nmorning,heaskedhisparents,“Whatarewedoingtonight?”SometimeshismotherandfatherwishedhewouldwatchTVjustforoneevening.Ronalwayssaid,“No,itwouldcostmemoney!”Finallytheyearwasover.ThenRonstaredwatchinghisfavouriteTVshowsalldaylongagain.Rongotthemoneyfromhisparents.Whatdoesheplantodowiththe$600?“IwanttobuymyselfaTVset!”hesaid.1.Rondidn’twatchTVforoneyearbecause________.A.hewantedthemoneyB.watchingTVtoomuchisbadC.hewantedtostudyharderD.hewantedtolearnfromtheboy2.“Itdoesn’tbothermenottowatchTV”means“It’s_______towatchTV”.A.wastetimeB.importantformeC.notuseD.notimportantforme3.Ronthought_________forhimtoreadandplayallthetime.A.itwasgreatfunB.itwasnofunC.itwasenjoyableD.itwasgood4.Ron’slastwordswould_______hisparents.A.pleaseB.frightenC.surpriseD.excite5.Thebesttitleforthestoryis_______.A.AFunnyStoryB.AYearwithoutTVC.AGoodBoyD.BuyingaTVSet(12)J.K.RowlingisthewriterofHarryPotter,whichisnowoneofthebestsellersintheworld.J.K.RowlingwasborninBristolonJuly31st,1965.Shehasonesisterwhoistwoyearsyoungerthanher.Bothgirlslovedlisteningtotheirfatherreadingbedtimestoriestothem.Theyespeciallylovedstoriesaboutmagicalworlds.Rowlingwroteherfirststory,calledRabbit,attheageofsix.Aftershegraduatedfromtheuniversity,Rowlingworkedasatranslator(翻译者)inLondon.Duringthistime,onalongtraintripinthesummerof1990,theideacametoherofaboywhohasmagicbutdoesn’tknowit.In1992RowlingbegantoteachEnglish.Shelivedwithherbabydaughter,Jessica,andspentmuchtimefinishingthefirstHarryPotterbookforyoungreaders.ItappearedinJune1997.Tohersurprise,thebookwasgreatlysuccessful.ThefilmcameoutinNovember2001.NowHarryPotterseries(系列)ispopularwithpeopleofallagesandabout60millionbooksweresoldin200countries.Whyhastheseriesbeensosuccessful?Thereareafewthings.Manyothermagicalstoriestakeplaceinfarawaylandsorinpastorfuturetimes.ButHarrylivesinmodern(现代的)England.He’salsoaverynormal(平常的)boy:polite,friendly,braveandclever.SowhenotherchildrenreadaboutHarry,theycanimaginebeinglikehim.J.K.Rowlingisveryhappywiththesuccess,andsheisnowbusyfinishingthewholeseriesofsevenbooks.She’swritingfulltimeandshe’sreallyenjoyinglife.Shesaysshewillgoonlivinganormallifewithherdaughterandwritingchildren’sbooks.1.Fromthepassage,weknow___________.A.J.K.RowlingmetaboynamedHarryonalongtraintripB.J.K.RowlinglovedlisteningtostorieswhenshewasveryyoungC.J.K.RowlingistwoyearsyoungerthanhersisterD.HarryPotterisJ.K.Rowling’sfirststory2.ThefirstHarryPotterbookcameoutin__________.A.July1965B.thesummerof1990C.June1997D.November20013.TheHarryPotterseriesis__________.A.writtenforyoungpeopleB.onlyenjoyedbychildrenC.onlysoldinEnglandD.aboutayounginspector161\n4.J.K.Rowlinghasbeensuccessful,andshe___________.A.likestotravelallovertheworldwithherdaughterB.istoobusytoenjoyherlifeC.isexcitedabouthersuccesseverydayD.isstillwritingstoriesforchildren5.HowisHarryPotterseriesdifferentfromothermagicalstories?A.Therearemagicalthings.B.Thestorieshappenedinthemodernworld.C.Ithassevenbooks.D.Ittookmuchtimetofinish.【练习答案】(1)1.A2.A3.B4.A5.B(2)1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B(3)1.B2.A3.A4.B5.B6.B(4)1.A2.B3.A4.B5.B(5)1.C2.C3.A4.B(6)1.D2.D3.B(7)1.D2.B3.A4.C(8)1.A2.D3.C4.D(9)1.C 2.A 3.B 44.C 45.A 46.D 47.C 48.D 49.A 50.D (10)1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A(11)1.A2.D3.B4.C5.B(12)1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B初三系列复习资料（18）短文填空考点集汇，讲解和训练十八、短文填空及其解题方法【考点扫描】短文填空是近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常有四种形式：1、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。2、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。3、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。4、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当的单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。陕西省中考英语题中的短文填空题又有什麽具体特点呢？1、从文体上看，议论文和叙事文为主。2002年陕西省的短文填空题所给的短文是一篇论说文，论说的主题是：只有母亲的爱是真正的爱。2003年的中考说明样题所给的短文是一篇叙事文。讲述的是圣诞节的情况。2003年的中考题中的短文填空题也是一篇叙事文。讲述的是主题是因特网的历史。2004年是一篇论说文。2、从填空的内容上看，以词组和短语为主。2002年短文填空题共有10个空，其中6个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考说明中短文填空题共有10个空，其中7个空填的是词组和短语。2003年中考题中的短文填空题共有10个空，其中5个空填的是词组和短语。2004年的短文填空题10个空中有6个是词组和短语。也就是说短文填空题要填的词组和短语总体上保持在5-7个。3、从考查的范围上看，以英语的一些特殊用法为主。2002年的短文填空题考到了enough作副词，放在被修饰词之后的用法，考到了“with+名词”构成的介词短语的用法。2003年中考说明中的短文填空题又一次出现了“with+名词”构成的介词短语用法。2003年中考题的短文填空题考查了somethingwrong这样的形容词后置的特殊用法。2004年的短文填空题考查了twiceaday这样的特殊表示方式。4、从所留的空白上看，以给出汉语提示为主。161\n2003年中考说明的短文填空题共留出10个空白，其中8处给出了汉语提示，2处没有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空题同样是10个空白，全部给出了汉语提示。2004年10个空白全部给了汉语提示。【名师解难】做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：1、从语法方面考虑短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Mostofus1(忙于)talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday….”在这里，用英语表示“忙于”不仅要用busy,busy之前还要加be,而be还要和主语mostofus保持一致，变成are。再如2004年中考题中的第7个空，butsoonyou’ll7_____(习惯于)doingit.“习惯于”必须用be/getusedto,因为这个短语用在一般将来时中，在助动词之后。2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考说明短文填空的第8个空：“8（在圣诞夜）childrenareveryhappy.”用英语表示“在圣诞夜”必须用OnChristmasEve。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。2004年考题中的第5个空就是一个固定搭配---atleast。3、从上下文的结构方面考虑有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2003年考试说明短文填空的第9个空：Theyputtheirstockingattheendoftheirbeds9theirparentscanputpresentsinthem.从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填sothat。再看2004年的10个空Eatalotoffruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10_______(代替)drinks.这个句子中已经有了谓语动词eat和drink,代替就不能再用动词，而需用一个介词insteadof。【中考范例】（2004年陕西省中考试题）V.短文填空（共10空，每空1分，计10分）根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语，使短文意思完整。Whenyoulaugh,youwill1______(张开)yourmouthandyourteeth.Thehealthierthoseteethare,thehappieryoulook.Whyisthat?It’s2_______(因为)yourteethareimportantinmanyways.Ifyoutakecareofthem,they’llhelptotakecareofyou.Strong,healthyteethhelpyoueattherightfoodtohelpyougrow.Theyalsohelpyouspeakclearly.Youcantakecareofyourteethbydoinglikethese:Brushyourteeth3_______(一日两次)afterbreakfastandbeforebedtime.Ifyoucan,brush4_______(午饭后)oraftereatingsweetcakes.Brushallofyourteeth,notjustthefrontones.Spendsometimeontheteethalongthesidesandintheback.Takeyourtimewhilebrushing.Spend5_______(至少)3minuteseachtimeyoubrush.Besureyourtoothbrushissoft(柔软的).Askyourparenttohelpyougetanewtoothbrush6________(每三个月).Learnhowtofloss(用牙线清理)yourteeth,whichisaveryimportantwaytokeepthemhealthy.Itfeelsstrangewhenyoudoitatfirst,butsoonyou’ll7_____(习惯于)doingit.Theflossgetsridoffoodthat’shiddenbetweenyourteeth.Brushingandflossing8______(保持)yourteethhealthy.Youalsoneedtocareaboutwhatyoueatanddrink.Eat9______(许多)fruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10_______(代替)drinks.1.open张开嘴的“张开”应用open。2.because要回答前面why提出的问题，应用because。3.twiceaday这是英语常见的一种表示方法。4.afterlunchafter之后常常跟一个时间点，lunch可看作一个时间点。5.atlast这是一个固定的短语161\n6.everythreemonthsevery之后如果有大于一的数词来修饰名词，这个名词用复数形式。又如：everythreedays,everyfouryears。7.be/getusedto这也是一个习惯用语，后接名词或定名词。8.keep“keepsomebody/something+形容词”是一个常见句型。9.lotsof/alotof/many这几个限定词都可用来修饰可数名词的复数。10.insteadof这是一个短语介词，后接名词活动名词。【满分演练】(1)Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeople1________(周围).Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearejustthesame.Sometimesfriendsdon't2_________(相处得好).Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlike3_________(互相).Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupand4__________(继续)beingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.We5_______(想念)themverymuch.Butwecallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldevenseethemagain.Andwecan6__________(结交新朋友）.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.7_________(许多地方)arenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.We8_______（想起）thesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There'smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylive9________(长一些)thanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareof10________（你自己）.(2)Mostgreatinventorsoftenmetwithmuchtroubleintheirwork.Beforetheycouldsucceed,theyhadtoovercome1_________(数以千计的)difficultieswhichwereputintheirway.Thefollowingisoneofsuchexamples.GeorgeStephenson(1781~~1848),a2__________(著名的)Britishinventormadethefirsttrainin1825,usingastreamengine.Whenhewasexperimentingwiththeengine3________(在火车上),hemetwithtroublesfromthegovernment,thenewspapersandthegentlemeninthecountry.Theysaidthatthe4________(噪音)andthesmokewouldkillcows,horsesandsheep,thattheenginewouldburstorthatthehotcoalsfromitwouldsetfiretotheirhouses.Peoplebelieve5___________(他们说的话).GeorgeStephensontoldthepeoplethatthetraincouldgoonsmallrails,couldpullcarriages6________(装满)goodsandpassengersandthattherewasnogreatdangertothem.Itwasaverydifficultmatterforhimtomakethembelieve.7________(然而),aftersometime,hewasabletodoit,andthefirsttrain,thatwasdrivenbyGeorgeStephensonhimselfprovedwhathehadsaid.Onthetraintherewasanewsteamengine.Itwasinventedbyhim,andwasprovedacomplete8_______(成功).Thefirstdaywhenthetrainranontherails,peoplealongthewayheardthenoiseofthetraininthedistance,andsawitrunningquicklytothem.Theythoughtitwasagenie.Theyranquicklybackhomeforfearandclosedtheirdoorstightly.Theydidnotdareto9________(出来)untilithadpassed.10________(一周以后)anoldwomanstillsaidthatherhenhadbeensofrightenedthatithadn'tlaidanyeggsforthreedays.【练习答案】(3)MostofAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattendschoolfivedaysaweekaswell.Americanfamiliesusuallyhavea1______（两天）weekend.TheweekendisSaturdayandSunday.Overtheweekendpeoplespendtheirtime2_______(以许多不同的方式).Manyfamiliesenjoyweekends3______(一起).Theymaygoshopping,goforadriveorvisitfriends.Theymayalsoinvitefriendsoverand4______(聚会)athome.ManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate（参加）insportsduringtheweekend.5_______(跑步),biking,playingvolleyballandswimming6_____161\n(流行)insummer.Skiingandskatingarethe7_____(最喜爱的)wintersports.WeekendsarealsoatimeforAmericanfamiliestoworkonsomethingintheiryardsorin8______(他们的)houses.Manyfamiliesplantflowersandhavevegetablegardens.Somefamiliesusetheweekends9_______（粉刷）orrepairtheirhouses.10______(对大部分美国人来说),weekendsareverybusy.(4)Perhapsmorethananyotherpeople,Americanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycar1_________(一直是)acommonthing2_______(从……以来)theearlytwentiethcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3_______(外面)ofthelargecitiestothesuburbs.SomeAmericansspend4________(每天两小时)ormoreintheircars5_______(去上班)andhomeagain.Carshavebecomethe6_______(工具)oftransportationformostAmericansgoingshopping,andevengoingonvacations.Americans7______(过去常常)likebigcars,andgasolineusedtobeveryinexpensive.Recently,8_______（然而）,thecostofgasolinehasincreased,smallercarshavebecome9_______（更常见）.Alsoforeigncarshavebecomeverycommon.Americanshavebought10_______（大量的）JapaneseandGermancars.Theyhaveboughtcarsfromseveralothercountriesaswell.(5)Eachmorningarichmanfoundapoormansittingonaparkbench（长凳）.Thepoormanalwayssatthere,1___________(看着)thebighotelinwhichtherichmanlived.2_________（有一天）therichmangotoutofhiscarandsaidtothepoorman,"Excuseme,butIjustwanttoknowwhyyousithereandlookatmyhotel3_________(每天早晨).""Sir,"saidthepoorman,"Iamafailure.Ihavenomoney,nohome.Isleep4________(在这条长凳上),andeverynightIdream（梦想）thatonedayI'llsleepinthathotel."Therichmansaid,"Tonightyourdreamwill5________(变为现实).I'llpayforthebestroominthathotelforyouawholemonth."6_________(几天以后),therichmanwentbythepoorman'sroomtoaskhimhowhewasenjoyinghimself.7___________(使他惊讶的是),hefoundthatthemanhad8__________(搬出了)thehotel,backtohisparkbench.Whentherichmanaskedwhy,thepoormansaid,"Yousee,whenI'mdownheresleepingonmybench,IdreamI'mupthere,9____________(在那个大宾馆里).It'sawonderfuldream.ButwhenIwasupthere,IdreamedIwasbacktothiscoldbench.Itwasaterribledream,andIcouldn'tgetanysleep10________(根本)."(6)OnOctober12,1989,someChinesescientistswereworkingatthecomputersto1________(寻找)theinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightspotscrossingthecomputers’screens.2__________(同时),theystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorror,they3___________(发现)thatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses!Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.4___________(据说)thatthecomputervirusesweremadebyagroupofyoungmenlikeplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellent5_________(教育).Theycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligence.6___________(这种)computervirusesisnamedJerusalemViruses.Thesevirusescanstayincomputers7___________(很长时间).Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringthefunctions,damagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofalltheinformation..WenowcometoknowthatJerusalemVirusesoftenattackcomputers8__________（在星期五）andtheyarespreadingtoalotofcomputers.AmongthecountriesthatsufferedcomputervirusesareBritain,Switzerland,theUSandsome9________(其它的)countries.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterribleviruses10__________(仍然是)aproblem.（7）InAmericanhighschool1_______(大多数)studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory.2_______(在英语课堂上),thestudentsstudygrammarandreadfamousliterature.Inscienceclass,theystudybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3________(更有趣)tosomestudentsbecausetheylearnaboutimportanteventsandplaces4________(在美国).Studentstake5______（其它）courses,too.Theseareelectives.Somestudy6________（音乐）becausetheyfeelitismoreenjoyable.Somestudy7_________（计算机科学）becausethey8________(认为)itismorepractical.161\n9______（在各自课堂上）,teachersgivestudentsexams.Someexamsaremoredifficultthanothers,butagoodstudentcanalwaysdo10______（好）.(8)OnekindofvacationthatmanyAmericansenjoyiscamping.Eachsummer1_____(数百万的)Americansdrivetothecountrysidewheretheyfindplaces2_____（野营）.Thenationalparks,manyofwhichare3_____(在山里),arefavouritecampingplaces.Campersenjoythe4_______（新鲜空气）,thelakesandtheforestswhichtheyfindintheseparks.Campershike,swimandfish.Theycanalsofind5______（许多种）animalsandplantsintheparks.Mostlycampershavetrailerswhichtheydriveorpullbehindtheircarstotheircampsites.Trailersarelikehouses6______（在轮子上）.Theyhavemanyconvenienceswhichpeoplehaveintheirhomes,7_______（例如）electricityandhotwater.But8_______（大多数）campersdon’thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey9________（搭起）intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon’thavetheconveniencesthatcampersintrailershave.Tentcampersenjoy10_________(一种简单的生活).（9）Allbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotvery1（不同於）livinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutliving2（在农场上）,however.Inmanypartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamilieslive3(在村庄和城镇里).IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.4（不用）travelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstay5（在他们的土地上）throughouttheweek.Theytraveltothenearesttown6（在星期六）forshoppingoronSundaysforchurch.Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolswhichserve7(所有的农场家庭)livinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool.8（当然）lifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaytherearecars,goodroads,radios,andtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherearemodernmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmers9（不得不）dealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.They10（学会）totrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways.(10)Ateacherfromawesterncountryvisitedaschoolinan1_______(东方国家).Inoneclass,shewatchedsixtychildrenastheylearned2_______(画)acat.Theteacherdrewabig○3_________(在黑板上),andsixtychildrencopieditontheirpapers.Theteacherdrewasmall○onthetopofthefirstandthenputtwo△△ontopofit.Thechildrendrew4_________(以同样的方式).Thelessonwentonuntilthereweresixty-onecatsintheclassroom.Eachstudent’scat5________(看上去)exactlyliketheoneontheboard.Thevisitingteacherwatchedthelessonand6________(感到惊讶).Theteachingmethods(ways)wereverymuchdifferentfromthewayofteachinginhercountry.Achildren’sartlessoninherowncountryproducedaroomfulofpictures,eachoneisquite7_________(不同于)theothers.Why?Whatmakesthisdifferenceineducationalmethods?Inaclassroominanycountry,theteacherteachesmorethanartorhistoryorlanguage.8__________(在一个国家里)suchastheUnitedStatesorCanada,studentsareaskedtoworkbythemselvesandfindanswers9_________(他们自己).Thestudentsarehelpedtolearntohavetheirownideas.IncountriessuchasChinaandJapan,studentsoftenworktogetherandhelpeachotherintheclassroom,buttheteachersteachandthestudentslisten.Thestudentsareaskedtomemorizealot.They10__________(必须)learnthesametextbook.Theydothesamehomeworkandgivethesameanswers.(11)HewasborninAtlanta,Georgia,onJanuary15,1929.Hewasblack.Helived1________（仅仅）thirty-nineyears,buthebecameworld-famousinthatshorttime.He2_______(长大)inthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.HestudiedatMorehouseCollegewherehemetmany161\noutstandingmenwhoseideashefoundimportantandexciting.TherehereadthewritingsofThoreau,whichgavehimmanyideas3________(关于自由).AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he4______(接着)tostudyattheUniversityofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,andBostonUniversity.AtBostonUniversity,hemethiswife,Coretta.5________（1954）,afterhegothisPh.D.degree,hebecametheministerofasmallchurch6_________（南方的）.Therehebecametheleaderoftheblackpeople,whowerepoorandwithoutpower.Hegavespeechesandledmarches.Forhisideasandactions,hewenttojail7____（一段时间）.8_______(许多年以后),inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdof250,000people.Hetoldthem,“Ihaveadream.”Thatspeechisstill9______(著名).In1964hewontheNobelPeacePrize.Hisworkwasnot10______(结束)whenhediedonApril4,1968.Whowashe?HewasMartinLutherKing.(12)DearMr.Costa,I’msorryithastakenmesolongtowrite.I’vebeenverybusywithworkandschool,butI’ve1________（想起）youoften.How’veyoubeenlately?DidyouhaveagoodChristmasandNewYear’s?Macsaysyou’vebeenworkinghardattherestaurantandthatbusinessisverygood.What2_______(别的)haveyoubeendoing?Ihadashortbutgoodvacation.MacandIwenttoChicagofor3_______(几天)beforeChristmas,butI4______(不得不)comebackandworkbetweenChristmasandNewYear’s(includingChristmasDayandNewYear’sEve)!5_____（每次）somethinglikethat6_______（发生）IwonderifIreallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.TheotherdayIwasthinkingaboutthefunweusedtohave7______(在我们英语课堂上).Ihaven’tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover.8_____（事实上）,theonlyoneIseeveryoftenisTomiko.I’dreallyliketogetintouchwithFranco.Doeshe9_______(曾经)writetoyou?Ifso,couldyoupleasesendmehisaddress?Well,MacandIaregoingskatingandhe10______（在等我）,soIguessI’dbettersaygoodbyenow.Writeassoonasyoucan.Love,Maria【练习答案】(1)1.around2.getalongwell3.eachother4.goon5.miss6.makenewfriends7.Manyplaces8.thinkof9.longer10.yourself(2)1.thousandsof2.famous3.onthetrain4.noise5.whattheysaid6.fullof7.However8.success9.comeout10.Aweeklater(3)1.two-day2.inmanydifferentways3.together4.haveaparty5.Running6.arepopular7.favourite8.their9.topaint10.FormostAmericans(4)1.hasbeen2.since3.outside4.twohoursaday5.goingtowork6.means7.usedto8.however9.morecommon10.largenumbersof(5)1.lookingat2.Oneday3.everymorning4.onthisbench5.cometrue6.Afewdayslater7.Tohissurprise8.movedoutof9.inthatbighotel10.atall(6)1.lookfor2.Atthesamemoment3.foundout4.Itissaid5.education6.Thiskindof7.foralongtime8.onFridays9.other10.remains(7)1.most2.InEnglishclass3.moreinteresting4.intheUnitedStates5.other6.music7.computerscience8.think9.Ineachclass10.well(8)1.millionsof2.tocamp3.inthemountains4.freshair5.manykindsof6.onwheels7.suchas8.most9.setup10.averysimplelife(9)1.differentfrom2.onfarms3.invillagesortowns4.Insteadof5.ontheirland6.onSaturdays7.allofthefarmfamilies8.Ofcourse9.hadto10.learned(10)1.easterncountry2.todraw3.ontheblackboard4.inthesameway5.looked6.wassurprised7.differentfrom9.themselves10.haveto(11)1.only2.grewup3.aboutfreedom4.wenton5.In19546.inthesouth7.forashorttime8.Many161\nyearslater9.famous10.finished(12)1.thoughtabout2.else3.afewdays4.hadto5.Everytime6.happens7.inourEnglishclass8.Infact9.ever10.iswaitingforme初三系列复习资料（19）补全对话考点集汇，讲解和训练十九、补全对话及其解题方法【考点扫描】补全对话是以书面形式考查考生英语口头交际能力和逻辑思维能力的一种题型。该题给考生三段对话，每段对话挖去3-4个句子，让考生把挖去的句子补全。考查点主要是：1.情景会话能力；2.逻辑思维能力；【名师解难】补全对话命题的范围集中在初中阶段学习过的30个交际项目。因此牢固掌握着30个交际项目所包括的各种句型，习惯用语是至关重要的。除此而外，我们还要做到下面几点：1.通读对话全文，摸清对话发生的地点、时间，人物的身份，对话的内容。2.理清上下句的逻辑关系，使你填入的话和整篇对话文理通顺，融为一体；3.符合说英语国家人的习惯，不要按中国人的习惯去应答。4.注意空白处的标点。是问号就应填问句；是句号，就应填陈述句。【中考范例】请看2004年陕西省中考试题：VI.补全对话（共10空，每空1.5分，计15分）根据下面对话中的情景，在每空中填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。(A)A:Goodafternoon,John!B:1______________,LiWei.A:IhearyouaregoingtoKunmingforawinterholiday.B:Yes,I’llgonextweek.A:2____________________________?B:It’sneithertoocoldnortoohot.It’swarmthere.A:3____________________________________.B:Thankyou.【解析】这段对话发生在John和LiWei之间。LiWei向John问下午好，按照说英语国家人的习惯，John也应该回答下午好，所以第1个空应填：Goodafternoon。第二个空的下一句是回答昆明地天气情况，因此我们可以推断，第2个空应该是询问昆明的天气，应填：What’stheweatherlikeinKunming?/Howistheweatherthere?从第3个空的答语Thankyou，我们可以推断对方一定是说了祝愿的话。所以这个空可以填：Haveagoodtime./Haveagoodjourney./I’msureyouwillhaveagoodtime.(B)A:Hi,Peter!Howareyoutoday?B:4__________________________________.Andyou?A:I’mOK.Areyoufreetomorrow?B:5__________________________________?A:We’regoingtothepark.6____________________?B:Ofcourse.I’dliketogowithyou.7___________________?A:Wearegoingtomeetattheschoolgateatoneo’clock.Pleasebethereontime.B:OK.Thankyou.【解析】这段对话写的是两个熟人见面互相问候并相约去公园的事。第4个空应该是回答对方的问话Howareyoutoday?的答语，所以应是：Fine,(I’mfine.)thankyou.第5个空紧接问句Areyoufreetomorrow?根据整个谈话的内容判断：应回答Yes,why?/Yes,what’sup?第6个空是个问句，因为句末是问号，其答语是：Ofcourse.I’dliketogowithyou.由此我们判断，对方是在邀请和他一起到公园去，因此，此空应填：Wouldyouliketogowithus?/Willyougowithus?第7个空又是一个问句，其答语是：Wearegoingtomeetattheschoolgateatoneo’clock.Pleasebethereontime.由此我们判断对方问的是见面的时间和地点，所以应填：Whenandwherearewegoingtomeet?/Whenandwhereshall161\nwemeet?(C)A:Dad.Ican’tfindmysocks.8__________________?B:Letmesee.Aretheywhite?A:Yes.9______________________?B:Isawtheminoursitting-roomjustnow.Youmaygoandgetthem.A:Oh!Heretheyare!B:Youshouldputyourthingsaway.A:10____________________________________.【解析】这是父子（女）之间的一段谈话。谈话的内容地找东西。第8个空是个问句，而且空前的句子是Dad.Ican’tfindmysocks.由此，我们判断：儿子（女儿）是想问父亲见到没有，英语应该是：Haveyouseenthem?当父亲问他是不是白色的时候，他回答Yes.既然父亲知道是白色的，那就肯定见到过，因此第9个空应填儿子（女儿）的问话：你在什麽地方见到的？英语就是：Wheredidyouseethem?/Wherearethey?第10个空的前面一句是父亲教训他的话，那末紧接着他应该表示接受。英语就是：Yes,Iwill./OK,Iwill./OK,Iwon’tdothatagain.【满分演练】(1)A:Hi,Bill!You’rereadingthenovelagain.B:Yes,Tom.I’llneverbetiredofit.A:1____________________________________?B:Threetimes.EverytimeIreadit,Icanalwayslearnsomethingnew.A:Really?2__________________________________________________?B:CharlesDickens.IthinkheisagreatEnglishwriter.Whataboutyou?A:3__________________________________________.Heisalsomyfavoriteforeignwriter.Pleaseletmehavealookatit.B:OK,hereyouare!Whatdoyouthinkofthisnovel?A:4__________________________________.Ihaven’tseensuchanovelforlong.Wheredidyoubuyit?B:IntheRoseBookshop.A:Idon’tknowwhereitis.5______________________________________?B:No.Only10minuteswalkfromhere,nexttothePeople’sCinema.A:Oh,Isee.I’mgoingtheretogetone,too.Thankyou!B:You’rewelcome!(2)(LiMengandJohnhavejustfinishedswimming.)LiMeng:Howniceandcoolthewateris!ButI’mfeelingabithungrynow.1______________________________________________?John:Soundsgood.LiMeng:Doyouknow2_____________________________?John:Yes,thereis.LiMeng:3____________________________________________？John:It’sonlyfiveminutes’walk.Let’sgo.LiMeng:Yeah,let’sgo.Oh,IalmostforgotmyCDplayer.John:4______________________________________________?LiMeng:Popmusic.IoftenlistenwhenI’mnotbusy.Howaboutyou?John:Lightmusic.Ithinkitcanrelaxmyself.5________________________?LiMeng:Sure.John:OK.IcanlendyousomeCDs.I’llbringthemtoourschooltomorrow.(3)Paul:1____________________________________________?Fred:No,Idon’t.ButIhavetocookthisevening.161\nPaul:2____________________________________________?Fred:Becausemymotherisgoingoutonbusiness.I’llhavetocookmyself.Paul:3_____________________________________________?Fred:Mymotherdoes.Shecancookverywell.Paul:Canyourfathercook?Fred:No,hecan’t.Paul:4______________________________________________?Fred:I’llcookItaliannoodles.Paul:5______________________________________________!Fred:Thankyou.(4)MrsLee:Hello.68178502.David:Hello.1_______________________________?MrsLee:Sorry.2_______________________.CanItakeamessage?David:Yes.ThisisDavid,Bruce’sfriend.IwanttoaskhimforsomeChineseancientcoins.Hetoldmehehadgotsomerecently.3__________________________________.Idon’tcareiftheyweremadeofdifferentmetals.Ijustwanttoaddsomemorecoinsinmycollection.MrsLee:OK.I’lltellhim.Wouldyoulikehimtoringyoubacklater?David:Well,Iwon’tbeathomelaterthisday.Wouldyoupleaseaskhimtoringmetomorrowmorning?MrsLee:Sure.4______________________________?David:Oh,sorry.5___________________________________.Thenewnumberis66129853.MrsLee:OK.I’llwriteamessageforhim.David:It’sreallyniceofyou,Madam.Thankyouverymuch.Goodbye!MrsLee:Bye!(5)A:Excuseme,Iwanttogotothelibrary.1__________________________?B:Godownthisstreetandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.Gouptheroadtotheend,you’llfindit.A:2______________________________?B:It’sabout1,000metresawayfromhere.A:Oh.That’squitealongway.B:Yes.You’dbettertakeabus.A:3__________________________________?B:YoucantaketheNo.5bus.It’lltakeyouthere.A:4__________________________________?B:Ittakesaboutfifteenminutes.A:5_________________________________.B:It’sapleasure.(6)Kate:Hello!1______________________?MrsRead:I’msorryAnnisn’thererightnow.2____________________________?Kate:ThisisKate.MrsRead:Sheisn’tbackyet.3_______________________________________?Kate:That’sverykindofyou.I’mcallingtoaskherifsheisfreetomorrow.It’sMarch12th,TreePlantingDaytomorrow.And4___________________.MrsRead:Ithinkshe’llbeverygladtojoinyou.Kate:We’llmeetattheschoolgateat7:00.5_________________________.MrsRead:OK.I’llletherknow.Kate:Manythanks.Goodbye.MrsRead:Goodbye.(7)A：Goodafternoon.WhatcanIdoforyou?B：I’dliketobuyawashingmachine.161\nA：Well，1___________________________________.SomearemadeinChina，andsomearemadeinothercountries.B：Thisonelooksverynice.2____________________________?A：InGermany.B：3______________________________________?A：Sure.Youputtheclothesinthemachine，closethedoorandpressthisbutton.B：It’seasy.Howmuchisit?A：4,000yuan.B：Wow,that’stooexpensive!4_____________________.Doyouhaveacheaperone?A：Howaboutthisone?B：Oh，thisonelooksverygood.AndthepriceisOK.5___________________________________.(8)(TwofriendsmeeteachotherafterMayDay.)A：Nicetoseeyou.B：1__________________________________________.A：HowdidyouspendMayDay?B：2__________________________________________.A：Didyougotoanyotherplaces?B：No.Whataboutyou?A:3________________________________________________Ifeltabitsickthen.B：Oh,whatapity!【练习答案】(1)1.Howmanytimeshaveyoureadit?2.Whowroteit?/Whoisthewriter?3.SodoI./Me,too.4.It’sexciting/wonderful/great.5.Isitfarfromhere?(2)1.Shallwehavesomethingtoeat?/Let’shavesomethingtoeat,shallwe?/Howabouthavingsomethingtoeat?2.if/whetherthereisarestaurantnearhere?3.Howfarisitfromhere?4.Whatkindmusicdoyoulike?5.Wouldyouliketotry?(3)1.Doyoulikecooking?2.Whydoyouhavetocookthisevening?3.Whocookseverydayinyourfamily?4.Whatwillcookthisevening?5.Enjoyyournoodles!(4)1.CouldIspeaktoBruce,please?2.He’snotinatthemoment.3.I’mnotsurehewouldgivemeoneortwo.4.Hashegotyourtelephonenumber?5.Mytelephonenumberhaschanged.(5)1.Whereisit?/HowcanIgettoit?2.Howfarisit(fromhere)?3.WhichbusshouldItake?4.Howlongdoesittakemetogetthere?5.Thankyouverymuch.(6)1.MayIspeaktoAnn,please?2.Who’sthat(speaking)?161\n3.CanItakeamessage?4.wearegoingtoplanttrees.5.Pleasetellhertobethereontime.(7)1.Wehave(Thereare)manydifferentkindsofwashingmachineshere.2.Whereisitmade?3.Canyoushowmehowtouseit？4.Ican’taffordit.5.I’lltakeit.(8)1.Nicetoseeyou,too.2.Iwentto…3.Istayedathomeallthetime.初三系列复习资料（20）书面表达的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十、书面表达及其解题方法【考点扫描】书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1、书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2、看图作文；3、根据汉语提示作文。无论是那一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题、文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当、格式正确、无大、小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。【名师解难】一.训练方法1.记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会作”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2.练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，到写单句，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3.写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。二.应试策略1.审题目：要切中题意。《中考考试说明》指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2.圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3.列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。4.定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5.写全文：写短文时要做到以下六个方面：(1)避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1）语态、时态要准确无误。161\n2）主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3）注意人称代词的宾格形式。4）注意冠词用法，例如：Heisanhoneststudent.中的an不能写成a。5）注意拼写、标点符号和大小写，例如：receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等。(4)描写人物时，要生动具体，例如：1）外表特征：tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking等。2）服饰颜色：red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等。3）内心境界：glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等。4）感情描写：love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等。5）动作描写：come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：1）表示并列关系的：and,aswellas,or…2）表示转折关系的：but,yet,however…3）表示时间关系的：when,while,after,before,then,afterthat…4）表示因果关系的：so,therefore,asaresult…5）表示目的的：inorderto,inorderthat,soasto,sothat…6）表示列举的：forexample,suchas…7）表示总结性的：ingeneral,inall,inaword,generallyspeaking…(6)不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分，阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。(6)改病句：认真检查，改正错误。中考作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：1）格式是否有错。2）拼写有无错误。3）语言是否用错。4）时态、语态错误。5）标点错误。6）人称是否用错。三.注意事项书面表达要特别注意书写工整，卷面整洁。每年阅卷老师在十来天的时间里要看十几万考生的作文，工作量之大，时间之紧，可想而知。书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁与得分高低直接有关。【中考范例】（2004年陕西省中考试题）VII.书面表达（共1题，计10分）假如你叫张强。请根据下面美国朋友Bob的来信内容，结合你自己的情况写一篇语言连惯、符合逻辑的英文回信。要求：1.认真阅读来信的内容，从中获得你需要的信息。2.词数：80左右。回信的开头、结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。注意：回信中不得出现你的真实地址和所在学校的名称。Dearfriend,Hello！I’myournewfriend.MynameisBob.I’mfifteen.I’mAmerican.IliveinNewYork.Iamamiddleschoolstudent.I’mgoodatmaths.Itisveryinteresting.Myfavouritesportisbasketball.AndIamnotonlyabasketballfanbutalsoagoodplayer.Ilikepopmusic.MyfriendsandIoftensingpopsongstogether.Afterschool,Iaminterestedingettingon-line.IhaveknownalotaboutChinafromtheInternet.NowI’mlearningChinese.IhopeIwillvisityourcountryoneday.Pleasewritetomeandtellmesomethingaboutyourlife.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.161\nYours,BobDearBob,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,ZhangQiang【解析】根据前面提到第六个步骤，我们来写一下这篇书面表达。1.审题目：通过审题目我们可以知道：本篇书面表达应是写一封回信，写信人是张强，收信人是Bob，信的内容应是介绍张强自己的情况。2.圈要点：根据来信判断，写回信必须包括以下要点：1、收到对方的来信；2、愿意和对方交朋友；3、自己的姓名、年龄和住址；4、自己的身份、特长和爱好；5、自己的希望。3、列提纲：1.gotyourletter2.gladtobeyourfriend3.name,zhangQiang,fifteen,liveinShaanxi4.amiddleschoolstudent,likeEnglish,likesports,goodatdrawing,5.hopewe’llmeetinChina4、定基调：1.时态：收到来信用一般过去时，介绍情况用一般现在时，希望用一般将来时。2.人称用第一人称。3.可按提纲的顺序来写。4.开头和结尾题目已经给出。5、写全文：DearBob,Igotyourletteryesterday.I’mverygladtobeyourpenfriend.MynameisZhangQiang.I’mfifteenyearsold,too.IliveinShaanxi.I’mamiddleschoolstudent,too.IlikeEnglishandphysicsverymuch.Ialsolikesports,butI’mgoodatdrawing.IknowalittleaboutAmerica.Couldyoutellmesomethingmoreaboutyourcountryinyournextletter?Ihopewe’llmeetinChinasomeday.I’msurewe’llhaveagoodtimetogether.Pleasewrite(to)mesoon.Yours,ZhangQiang6、改病句：认真复查一边，如有错误，加以改正。【满分演练】（1）华山是中国名山之一。假设外国友人到你校参观后，准备去旅游。请根据以下要点向外国友人简单介绍华山（theHuaMountain）1．位于陕西东部，是中国著名的旅游胜地，每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。2．乘汽车去大约要花1个小时；也可以乘火车去。3．登山便可领略其云海（theseaofclouds）、奇松（wondrouspines）、怪石（uniquerocks）等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。注意：1．字数：80词左右。2．请不要逐字翻译。（2）根据提示和要求完成下面短文假如你（LiLei）在去年夏令营认识的一个朋友Jim从英国给你寄来一件礼物——一件红色的衬衫，并附有一封信。在信中他向你问好，他想知道你近来在忙些什么。请你给他写一封回信（100个词左右）表示感谢。回信要包括以下内容：1.向Jim问好并对他表示感谢。2.礼物是你最喜欢的颜色，尺寸很合适，你非常喜欢。161\n3.告诉Jim你近来很好，上周刚过完生日，生日聚会很热闹。询问Jim的近况，并表示希望他能来中国。注意1.信的格式已经给出。2.信中不得使用真实的人名、地名。（3）根据中文意思和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。所给英文提示词语必须都用上，中文提示内容不必逐句翻译，每组英文提示所写出的句数不限。今天是6月23日星期日，天气晴朗。你和你的同学张宏参观了西安市动物园。那里的动物十分有趣，人见人爱。当你看到有位游客在向猴子投喂食物时，就上前阻止并说……请你用英文写一篇日记，记述今天的经历。（请注意日记格式）1．fineday,sun,bright2．visit,BeijingZoo3．animal,sointeresting,people,love4．see,visitor,throw…to,stop,say（4）根据中文设置的情景、英文提示词语以及表格所提供的信息，写出语法正确、意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。注意1.字数60~80。2.所给的英文提示词语及表格所提供的信息必须都用上。（可适当发挥）3.发言稿的开头和结尾已给出。假设你是张斌，今年暑假你将参加学校组织的赴加拿大“绿色之旅”夏令营活动。请你准备一篇在开营式上的自我介绍发言稿。　　name,ZhangBin,fifteenyearsold,liveinXi’an,favoritesubject,biology…InterestFreeTimeActivitiesFutureJobHopedrawinggocamping,drawpicturesofplants,enjoythesingingofbirdsinnaturebiologist,growupgoodfriends,doone’sbest,maketheearth…DearfriendsI’mverygladtointroducemyselftoyou.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’sall.Thankyouforlistening.（5）根据中文提示和英文提示词语写一篇短文。今年暑假，有一批美国中学生要来你们学校访问。请你写一篇有关西安的简介，以便和他们交流。注意：1.字数100左右；2.必须使用所给英文提示。CapitalofShaanxi,LieintheNorthwest,manyplacesofinterest,autumn,bestseason（6）看图写话。根据以上四幅图和提示词语，写出一篇语法正确、意思连贯、语句通顺、符合逻辑的短文，开头已给出。要求：1.叙述要用第三人称。2.词数60~80个左右。3.要表达自己的看法或想法。161\n4.选用下列词语：rushhour,cross,makesure,comeover,trafficrulesLastMonday,Timgotupat7:40inthemorning._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（7）请你参考图文提示，写一篇60~80词的短文。注意：1.语言规范，语意完整，内容丰富。2.表达符合图意，书写规范。3.给出自己的观点。4.文章的开头已给出。参考词：pollute,turnoffthetap(水龙头)，dry,save(节约vt.),waterresources(水资源)Fromthepicturesweknowthat___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（8）请根据下面四幅图，写一篇70个单词左右的短文。文章开头已经给出，不算入总词汇数内。参考词汇：onfire着火firefightern.消防员putout灭火Jackwaswokenupbytheshouting“Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（9）看图写话。要求：1.根据图画所提供的语境，写出意思连贯、语言流畅、语法准确、符合逻辑的短文。2.至少使用两种时态，70词以上。不得使用真实姓名、地名、学校名。3.标题和第一句已给出，但不计入70词之内。TAKINGCAREOFTREESOnedayLinTaoandMeiMeiwereplayinginthegarden.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（10）根据所给图画用英语写一篇约80词的短文。(11)假如你所在的学校要出一期英语壁报。你准备就自己经历的一件事写一篇英语短文向壁报投稿。下面五幅图记录了你上个星期六与老师和同学到南河边参加植树活动的全过程。请你就以下五幅图写一篇英文短文。161\n注意：1.短文内容要包括所有图画中的主要内容2.词数：70～903.生词提示：桶bucket锄头hoe__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（12）请按照下面6幅图和表格的提示，写一篇题为“ChangesinOurHometown”的英语短文。（词数：50~80，不包括已经给出的单词）内容要点：过去现在旧房高楼河水污浊河水清澈步行、骑自行车乘公交车、小汽车ChangesinOurHometownOverthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometown.Inthepast,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【练习答案】(1)参考答案：　　TheHuaMountainisoneofthemostfamousmountainsinChina.ItliesintheeastofShaanxi. EveryyearthousandsofChineseandforeignerspayavisitthere.It’snotfarfromhere.Ittakesyouaboutonehourtogettherebybus.Youcanalsogotherebytrain.Whenyouareatthetopofthemountain,you’llfindclouds,wondrouspinesanduniquerocksaroundyou.Intheearlymorningwhenthesunrises,theskylooksverybeautiful.It’sreallyaniceplacetovisit.(2)参考答案：36ZhonghuastreetXi;an,ChinaJune21st,2004DearJim：Howareyou?Manythanksfortheshirt!I’mveryhappytohearfromyouagain.Ilovetheshirtverymuch,Jim,andredismyfavouritecolour!Youremembered!It’sjustmysize.EverytimeIwearit,Iwillthinkofyou.I’mfinehereinChina.LastweekIhadabirthdayparty.Manyofmyclassmatescameandmymothermadeusalotofgoodfood.Wereallyhadawonderfultimetogether.HowareyoudoinginEngland,Jim?Imissyouverymuch.Ialwaysmissthedaysweweretogetherlastsummer.IhopeyoucancometoChinasomeday.Pleasewritebacksoon.Yourfriend,LiLei(3)参考答案：SundayJune23rd161\n　　Itwasafinedaytodayandthesunwasbright.IvisitedXi’anZoowithmyclassmate,ZhangHong.Theanimalsthereweresointerestingthatallthepeoplelovedthem.WhenIsawavisitorthrowingfoodtothemonkeys,Iwent/rantostophim/herandsaid,“Animalsareourfriendsandwemusttakegoodcareofthem.”(4)参考答案：Dearfriends,　　I’mverygladtointroducemyselftoyou.MynameisZhangBin.I’mfifteenyearsold.IliveinBeijing.Oneofmyfavoritesubjectsisbiology.I’minterestedindrawing.Inmyfreetime,Ioftengocamping,drawsomepicturesofplants,andenjoythesingingofbirdsinnature.IwanttobeabiologistwhenIgrowup.　　Ifeelluckytojoinyou.Ihopewecanbegoodfriendsanddoourbesttomake   That’sall.Thankyouforlistening.(5)参考答案：Xi’anisthecapitalofShaanxiwithalonghistory.Therearemanyplacesofinterest,suchastheDayanPagoda,theXiaoyanPagoda,theBellTowerandtheTerraCottaWarriors.SinceitliesintheNorthwestofChina,thewinterhereislonganditsometimessnows.AutumnisthebestseasoninXi’an,forit’sneithertoocoldnortoohot.Oneofthemostfamoustraditionalfoodsis“Yangroupao”.(6)参考答案：LastMonday,Timgotupat7:40inthemorning.Itwastherushhour.Herodehisbiketoschoolveryfast.Hewascrossingthestreetwhenacarcameatthatmoment.Tim’sbikehitthecarandhefelltothegroundheavily.ThedriverwasverykindandstoppedtomakesurethatTimwasallright.Thenapolicemancameover.HetoldTimtoridemoreslowlynexttimeanditwasdangerous.Timthankedhimandwenttoschool.Alloftheyoungmenshouldobeythetrafficrules.(7)参考答案：Fromthepicturesweknowthatmuchwaterhasbeenpolluted.Somefactoriesarepouringwastewaterintoriversandlakes.Thewaterbecomesdirtyandlotsoffishhavedied.Manypeopleoftenwastewater.Forexample,theyoftenforgettoturnoffthetaps.Ifwedon’thaveenoughwater,landwillbedryandcropswilldie.Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.Soweshouldtryourbestandencourageeveryonetoprotectwaterresources.Wemustsavewaterandstoppollutingit.Ifwedothat,Thingswillbemuchbetter.(8)参考答案：Jackwaswokenupbytheshouting“Fire!Help!Fire!Help!...”Whathadhappened?Helookedoutofthewindow.Wow!Hefoundthathisneighbour’shousewasonfire.Jackjumpedoffthebedandrushedtothetelephone.Hemadeacalltothepolice.Then,heranoutandhelpedhisneighbour(to)fightagainstthefire.Soonthefirefighterscameandinashorttimethefirewasputout.AndthehouseownerandfirefightersthankedJackandhisneighboursalot.(9)参考答案：TAKINGCAREOFTREESOnedayLinTaoandMeiMeiwereplayinginthegarden.Theyfoundthatayoungtreetherewasdying.Theythoughttheymustsavetheyoungtree.Thentheyputaropearoundthetreeandwateredit.Somedayslaterthetreecamebacktolifeagain.Theirmothersawthisandpraisedthem,“Youaregoodchildren!”(10)参考答案：YesterdayafternoonLiPingandIweregoingtoschool.Onthewaywesawanoldwomancrossingthestreet.Suddenlyacarpassedbyveryfast.Theoldwomanwasfrightenedandfelldownto161\ntheground.Theapplesinherbasketwerealloutonthestreet.Immediately,werantotheoldwoman,helpedhergetupandpickedupalltheapples.LiPinghelpedhercarrythebasketandIhelpedhercrossthestreet.Theoldwomanthankedusverymuch.（11）参考答案：内容要点：（1）上星期五老师告诉我们“明天去南河边植树”。（2）上星期六（第二天）早上六点半我就起床了。（3）我带着桶去学校，同学们带着桶、锄头在校门口等待。（4）到南河边，我们开始植树。（也可描写动场面。）（5）看着新种下的树，我们都很高兴。LastFriday,ourteachertoldusthatwewouldgotoplanttreesbytheSouthRiverthenextday.OnSaturdaymorningIgotupatsixthirtyandwenttoschoolwithabucket.Myclassmateswerewaitingattheschoolgatewithbucketsandhoes.WhenwegottotheSouthRiver,webegantoplanttreesontheriverbank.(Ontheriverbank,somestudentswerediggingholes,theotherswereplantingorwateringtheyoungtrees.)Afterwefinishedourwork,wewerehappytoseetheyoungtreesweplantedontheriverbank.（12）参考答案：Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometown.Inthepast,thehousesinourhometownwereverypoor,butnowmanypeoplehavemovedintotallbuildings(therearemanytallbuildingshereandthere).Thewaterintheriverswasverydirty,butnowtheriversarecleanandpeoplecanswiminthem.Peopleusedtowalkorridebikes,butnowtheycantakebusesordrivetheirowncarstogotowork.初三系列复习资料（21）Book1(Unit1-Unit16)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十一、Book1(Unit1-Unit16)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.Sitdown2.onduty3.inEnglish4.haveaseat5.athome6.looklike7.lookat8.havealook9.comeon10.atwork11.atschool12.puton13.lookafter14.getup15.goshoppingII.重要句型1.helpsb.dosth.2.Whatabout…?3.Let’sdosth.4.It’stimetodosth.5.It’stimefor…6.What’s…?Itis…/It’s…7.Whereis…?It’s….8.Howoldareyou?I’m….161\n9.Whatclassareyouin?I’min….10.Welcometo….11.What’s…plus…?It’s….12.Ithink…13.Who’sthis?Thisis….14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….15.Thereis(are)….16.Whatcolourisit(arethey)?It’s(They’re)…17.Whose…isthis?It’s….18.Whattimeisit?It’s….III.交际用语1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.10.Who’sondutytoday?11.Let’sdo.12.Letmesee.IV.重要语法1.动词be的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法。【名师讲解】1.in/on在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有只鸟。Thereisapictureonthewall.墙上有张图。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these时this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。Thisismine;that’syours.这个是我的，那个是你的。Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是玛丽。你是谁？3.Therebe/haveTherebe"有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：Therebe+某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。Therebe后面的名词实际上是主语，be动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)Thereisadollinthebox.那个盒子里有个娃娃。161\n(3)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那树上有许多苹果。总之，Therebe结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch(1)look表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在图上看到什么？Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.puton//inputon意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午请到我家来。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：(1)fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身体很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一台很好的机器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很漂亮。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.见到你很高兴。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。初三系列复习资料（22）Book1(Unit17---Unit30)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十二、Book1(Unit17---Unit30)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.abottleof2.alittle3.alot(of)4.allday161\n5.befrom6.beover7.comeback8.comefrom9.doone’shomework10.dotheshopping11.getdown12.gethome13.getto14.getup15.goshopping16.haveadrinkof17.havealook18.havebreakfast19.havelunch20.havesupper21.listento22.not…atall23.put…away24.takeoff25.throwitlikethat26.wouldlike27.inthemiddleoftheday28.inthemorning/afternoon/evening29.onafarm30.inafactoryII.重要句型1.Letsb.dosth.2.Couldsb.dosth.?3.wouldlikesth.4.wouldliketodosth.5.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?6.Howdoyouspell…?7.MayIborrow…?III.交际用语1.—Thanksverymuch!—You'rewelcome.2.Putit/themaway.3.What'swrong?4.Ithinkso.Idon'tthinkso.5.Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.6.Givemeabottleoforangejuice,please.Pleasegiveit/thembacktomorrow.OK.9.What'syourfavouritesport?10.Don'tworry.11.I’m(not)goodatbasketball.12.Doyouwantago?13.That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.14.Doyouhaveadictionary/anydictionaries?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.15.We/TheyhavesomeCDs.We/Theydon’thaveanyCDs.161\n16.---Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow?---It’sMonday.17.---MayIborrowyourcolourpens,please?---Certainly.Hereyouare.18.---Whereareyoufrom?---FromBeijing.19.What'syourtelephonenumberinNewYork?20.---Doyoulikehotdogs?---Yes,Ido.(Alittle./Alot./Verymuch.)---No,Idon't.(Idon'tlikethematall.)21.---Whatdoesyourmotherlike?---Shelikesdumplingsandvegetablesverymuch.22.---Whendoyougotoschooleveryday?---Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.23.---Whattimedoeshegotobedintheevening?---Hegoestobedat10:00.IV.重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2.祈使句；3.现在进行时的构成和用法；4．动词have的用法；5．一般现在时构成和用法；6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1.That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.That’sright意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如："Ithinkwemusthelptheoldman.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。""That'sright."或"You'reright.""说得对"。That’sallright.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如："Manythanks.""That'sallright.""Sorry.It'sbroken.""That'sallright."Allright.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”"Pleasetellmeaboutit.""请把此事告诉我。""Allright.""好吧。"Isyourmotherallright?你妈身体好吗2.make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。Canyoumakeapaperboatforme?你能为我做个纸船吗？He’sdoinghishomeworknow.他正在做他的作业。3.say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：“Iwanttogotherebybus”,hesaid.他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语说。speak:“说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语)。如：Canyouspeakabouthim?你能不能说说他的情况？Idon’tliketospeaklikethis.我不喜欢这样说话。speak作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英语说得好。161\ntalk:与speak意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词，不过，talk暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：Iwouldliketotalktohimaboutit.我想跟他谈那件事。Oldwomenliketotalkwithchildren.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell:“告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He’stellingmeastory.他在给我讲故事。tellalie撒谎tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth.MissZhaooftentellsustostudyhard.4.docooking/dothecookingdocooking作“做饭”解，属泛指。dothecooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用some,much修饰。从dosomecooking可引出许多类似的短语：dosomewashing洗些衣服dosomeshopping买些东西dosomereading读书dosomewriting写些东西dosomefishing钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some,much或定冠词。goshopping去买东西gofishing去钓鱼goboating去划船goswimming去游泳5.likedoingsth./liketodosth.likedoingsth.与liketodosth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesn‘tliketoplayfootballwithLiMing.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6.other/others/theother/anotherother表其余的，别的，Haveyouanyotherquestions?你还有其他问题吗?others别的人，别的东西IntheroomsomepeopleareAmerican,theothersareFrench.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。theother表另一个（二者之中）one…，theother…OneofmytwobrothersstudiesEnglish,　theotherstudiesChinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表三者以上的另一个，另一些Thereisroomforanotherfewbooksontheshelf.书架上还可以放点书。7.inthetree/onthetreeinthetree与onthetree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。inthetree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用onthetree.如：Therearesomeapplesonthetree.那棵树上有些苹果。Thereisabirdinthetree.那棵树上有只鸟。8.some/any(1)some和any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.161\n(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：Wouldyoulikesometea?9.tall/high(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如atallwoman一个高个子妇女atallhorse一个高大的马(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如：Heishighupinthetree.他高高地爬在树上。Theplaneissohighinthesky.飞机在空中这么高。(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。(4)high可作副词，tall不能。(5)tall的反义词为short,high的反义词为low.10.can/could(1)can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力"。例如：Canyourideabike？你会骑自行车吗？WhatcanIdoforyou？要帮忙吗？Canyoumakeacake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2)can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如：Wherecanhebe？他会在什么地方呢？Canthenewsbetrue？这个消息会是真的吗？Itsurelycan'tbesixo'clockalready？不可能已经六点钟了吧？Youcan'tbehungrysosoon，Tom，you'vejusthadlunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。Whatcanhemean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"，may比较正式。例如：Youcancomeinanytime.你随时都可以来。---CanIuseyourpen？我能用你的钢笔吗？---Ofcourse，youcan.当然可以。Youcanhavemyseat，I'mgoingnow.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3)couldcould是can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：Thedoctorsaidhecouldhelphim.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。Lilycouldswimwhenshewasfouryearsold.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：CouldIspeaktoJohn，please？我能和约翰说话吗？Couldyou？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Couldyouwaithalfanhour？请你等半个小时好吗？Couldyoupleaseringagainatsix？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4)can的形式只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用beableto加动词不定式来表示。例如：TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBeijing.他们没有能到北京来。11.lookfor/findlookfor意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：161\nShecan’tfindherruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tomislookingforhiswatch，buthecan’tfindit.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12.besleeping/beasleepbesleeping表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；beasleep表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：---Whatarethechildrendoingintheroom?孩子们在房间里做什么？---Theyaresleeping.他们正在睡觉。Thechildrenareasleepnow.现在孩子们睡着了。13.often/usually/sometimesoften表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候"，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。Weusuallyplaybasketballafterschool.我们通常放学后打篮球。SometimesIgotobedearly.有时，我睡觉很早。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.他经常在早晨读英语。14.Howmuch/Howmanyhowmuch常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是Howmuchis/are…?Howmuchistheskirt? 这条裙子多少钱？Howmucharethebananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？howmuch后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，howmany后加可数名词的复数形式。Howmuchmeatdoyouwant? 你要多少肉呀？Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass? 你们班有多少人？15.begoodfor/begoodto/begoodatbegoodfor表示"对……有好处"，而bebadfor表示"对……有害"；begoodto表示"对……友好"，而bebadto表示"对……不好"；begoodat表示"擅长，在……方面做得好"，而bebadat表示"在……方面做得不好"。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyouhealth.吃的太多对你的身体有害。MissLiisgoodtoallofus.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。Thebossisbadtohisworkers.这个老板对他的工人不好。LiLeiisgoodatdrawing,butI'mbadatit.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。16.each/everyeach和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。Weeachhaveanewbook.我们每人各有一本新书。Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.街的两旁有树。Hegetsupearlyeverymorning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。Eachofthemhashisownduty.他们各人有各人的义务。Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。17.一般现在时/现在进行时一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is/are/+doing）。Idomyhomeworkintheevening.我在晚上做作业。I'mdoingmyhomeworknow.我现在正在做作业。161\n现在进行时常与now,thesedays,atthemoment或Look,listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday,inthemorning,onMondays等连用。Weoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.我们经常放学后打扫教室。Look!Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.看！他们正在打扫教室呢。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法。2．本册书中常见的交际用语3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。【中考范例】1.（2004年安徽省中考试题）---Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.---I________foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。2.(2004年长春市中考试题)Couldyouhelp____with_______English,please?A.I,myB.me,meC.me,myD.my,I【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me,第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。3.(2004年长春市中考试题)Dr.Whitecan_______Frenchverywell.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）Englishisspokenby______people.A.alotB.muchmanyC.alargenumberofD.agreatdealof【解析】答案：C。只有alargenumberof能用来修饰复数可数名词people。【满分演练】一.单项选择1.Thereissome______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears2.UncleWangwants______themachinelikeabike.A.rideB.ridingC.ridesD.toride3.Tomusuallygoestobed________teno'clockintheevening.A.atB.inC.onD.of4.______picturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread5.Theboxistooheavy.Let________helpyoutocarryit.A.weB.usC.oursD.our6.Hurryup,______we'llbelateforthemeeting.A.andB.butC.thenD.or7.Peopleusually______"hello"toeachotherwhentheymakeaphonecall.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk8.Look!She________akiteforherson.A.makesB.ismakingC.makeD.making9.Theseshoesareyours.Please________.A.putonthemB.putonitC.putthemonD.putiton10.Sheoftengets______verylate.161\nA.homeB.athomeC.tohomeD.inhome11.Ithinktheshopisclosed________thistimeofday.A.inB.onC.atD.for12.Iwant______ofmeat,please.A.halfkiloB.ahalfkiloC.halfakiloD.akilohalf13.---Isthisblackruler________?---No.It's________.A.yours,hisB.your,hisC.yours,himD.you,he14.________bookonthedeskisauseful（重要的）one.A.AB.AnC.TheD./15.Grandmaisill.Wehavetotakehertothe________.A.farmB.postofficeC.hotelD.hospital16.LiuMeioftenhelpshermother________housework.A.doesB.doC.doingD.todoing17.Wewatcheveningnewson________at7:00intheevening.A.CCTVB.CAACC.WTOD.MTV18.There________aboxofapplesonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have19.Wouldyoulike________withme?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes20.Sometimeshisbrother________TVaftersupper.A.watchB.seesC.watchesD.iswatching二.填空A.根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词1.Kate'sglassisempty.Shewantsaf______one.2.Ithinkmyfathercanhelpyoum______yourbrokenbike.3.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisshort,theotherisl______.4.Pleaseopenthew______.It'sgettinghothere.5.Somethingisw______withmybike.MayIborrowyours?B.根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.Therearesome________there,talkingloudly.(woman)2.Thisblouseisn'thers.It's________.(my)3.Thepeopleonthefarmarevery________.(friend)4.Doyouknow________?(he)5.Tom'sunclecandrivecars.Heisagood________.(drive)C.选词并用其适当形式填空work,close,look,have,teacher,pen,eat,China,play,climb1.Thisisour________desk.Oursareoverthere.2.Billhasthree________.Oneisnewandtheothertwoareold.3.Hisuncle________veryyoungbutheisoverforty.4.Let's________basketballafterclass.5.Look!Thecatsare________upthetrees.6.Theshopisn'topen.It's________.7.Mybrother________somenewpicturebooks.8.Inourclassroomthereisalargemapof________.9.Mum,pleasegivemesomethingto________.I'mveryhungry.10.DoesMrGreenlike________inthisChineseschool?三.根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话A.Pleasegiveitbacksoon.B.It'soverthereC.Certainly.Whendoyouwantit?D.Thankyouverymuch.E.Blackandred,andit'snotverynew.161\nA:Excuseme,LinTao!B:Yes?A:Mybikeisbroken.CanIborrowyours?B:__1____.A:Thisafternoon.B:OK.Here'sthekey.A:____2__.Butwhereisit?B:__3____.A:Whatcolourisit?B:__4____.A:Isee.IthinkIcanfindit.B:___5___.A:Allright.Seeyou!四.完型填空Thesedaysmenandwomen,youngandoldare___1_____thesamekindof___2____,andalotof___3_____havelonghair（头发）.Weoftencan't___4_____whether（是否）theyareboysorgirls,menorwomen.___5_____oldmanoftengoestowalkinthepark.Heissittingonachairnow.Ayoungpersonis___6________7_____him."Oh,goodness!"theoldmansaystotheotherone."Doyou___8_____thatpersonwithlonghair?Isitaboyoragirl?""Aboy,"saystheotherone."Heismyson.""Oh,"saystheoldman,"Please____9____me.Idon'tknowyouarehis____10____.""I'mnothismother,I'mhisfather,"saystheotherone.1.A.havingB.wearingC.puttingD.buying2.A.clothesB.treesC.picturesD.Bags3.A.weB.yourC.themD.Theirs4.A.talkB.teachC.sayDtell5.A.AnB.AC.TheD./6.A.runningB.flyingC.standingD.driving7.A.onB.besideC.inD.At8.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.Read9.A.helpB.excuseC.teachD.Ask10.A.babyB.sisterC.fatherD.Mother五.阅读理解(A)MrLiteachesChineseintheUSA.HecomesbacktoChinaeveryyear.Hegivesusatalk.Hesays,"KDayintheUSAisveryinteresting.Allchildrenlikeitverymuch.ItisonMarch7th.Whenyougooutonthatday,youcanseechildrenrunningwithkitesintheopenair(露天).Whenyoulookup,youcanseedifferentkitesinthesky（天空）.Somearebig,andsomearesmall.Theyareindifferentcolours.Everykitehasalongstring(长线).Thechildrenbegintorunwhentheygetthekitesup.Everychildhasagoodtimethatday.1.MrLiis_______________.HeworksintheUSA.A.aworkerB.anEnglishteacherC.adoctorD.aChineseteacher2.MrLisayssomethingabout_______________.A.howtostudyEnglishB.KDayintheUSAC.hisworkintheUSAD.playingintheopenair3.March7this_________________.A.Children'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.KDayD.TreeplantingDay(植树节)4.Everykitehas_____________________.A.ashortstringB.alongstringC.thesamecolourD.thesamesize(大小)5.Thereare_______________kitesintheskyonthatday.A.allkindsofB.onekindofC.threekindsofD.three161\n(B)PaulaMondayTuesdayWednesday   ThursdayFridayGetup7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.morningschoolschoolschoolschoolschoollunchpizzaricericericericeafternoonYo-yoTable-tennisTable-tennisTable-tennisfootballeveninghomeworkhomeworktelevisionhomeworkclothesGotosleep10:15p.m.10:15p.m.10:15p.m.10:15p.m.10:15p.m.根据表格内容选择最佳答案。6.On_______________,Paulausuallygetsupat7:10am.A.ThursdaysB.WednesdaysC.weekdaysD.weekends7.Pizzaisakindof_________________.A.drinkB.fruitC.toyD.food8.Paula'sfavouritesportis_________________.A.volleyballB.table-tennisC.yo-yoD.football9.OnWednesdayeveningsPaulausually___________________.A.watchesTVB.doesherhomeworkC.washesherclothesD.goestoseeherfriends10.Whichiswrong?A.PaulagoestoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.B.Paulagoestobedafterteno'clock.C.Paulahassportsintheafternoon.D.PaulausuallyhasPizzaforlunch.六.根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段：（所有英文提示语必须用上。这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国。他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。1.this,man,come,Sydney2.he,China,verymuch3.now,teach,inBeijing4.he,say,Beijing,big,beautiful,like,work,here【练习答案】一.1.B.2.D.3.A.4.D.5.B.6.D.7.A.8.B.9.C.10.A.11.C.12.C.13.A.14.C.15.D.16.B17.A.18.B.19.B.20.C.二.A.1.full2.mend3.Long4.window5.wrongB.1.women2.mine3.friendly4.him5.driverC.1.teacher's2.pens3.looks4.play5.climbing6.closed7.has8.China9.eat10.working三.1.C2.D3.B4.E5.A四.1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A9.B10.D五.1.D2.B3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D.8B.9.A10.D六.ThisoldmancomesfromSydney.HelikesChinaverymuch.Now,heisteachinginBeijing.HesaysBeijingisbigandbeautiful,helikesworkinghere.初三系列复习资料（23）Book2(Unit1-Unit9)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十三、Book2(Unit1-Unit9)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.ontime2.bestwishes3.giveatalk4.forexample5.shortfor6.awasteoftime7.goonafieldtrip8.gofishing161\n9.Iagree10.nextweek11.thedayaftertomorrow12.haveapicnic13.havesomeproblemsdoingsth.14.gothewrongway15.hurryup16.gettogether17.intheopenair18.onMid-AutumnDay19.comeover20.haveto21.gethome22.agreewith23.inthecountry24.intown25.allthesame26.infrontof27.ontheleft/rightside28.nextto29.upanddown30.keephealthy31.growup32.atthesametime33.thedaybeforeyesterday35.lastSaturday36.halfanhourago37.amomentago38.justnow39.bytheway40.allthetime41.atfirstII.重要句型1.havefundoingsth.2.Whydon’tyou…?3.We’regoingtodosth.4.startwithsth.5.Whynot…?6.Areyougoingto…?7.befriendlytosb.8.You’dbetterdosth.9.asksb.forsth.10.saygoodbyetosb.11.Goodluck(withsb)!III.交际用语1.Welcomebacktoschool!2.Excuseme.I’msorryI’mlate,becausethetrafficisbad.3.Itdoesn’tmatter.4.HappyTeachers’Day!5.That’sagoodidea.6.Whatareyougoingtodo？7.Wherearewegoing?8.Whatarewegoingtodo?161\n9.I’mgoodat…10.It’snotfarfrom…11.Areyoufreetomorrowevening?12.WouldyouandLilyliketocomeovertomyhomeforMid-AutumnFestival?13.I’mgladyoucancome.14.Thanksforaskingus.15.Howaboutanotherone?16.MayIhaveataste?17.Letmewalkwithyou.18.Whatdoyouhavetodo?19.Doyouliveonafarm?20.Whichdoyoulikebetter,thecityorthecountry?21.Whichdoyoulikebest,dogs,catsorchickens?22.Shallwegoatten?Goodidea!23.---Let’smakeithalfpastone.---OK.24.---Whynotcomealittleearlier?---Allright.25.Excuseme.Where’sthenearestpostoffice,please?26.It’soverthereontheright.27.I’msorryIdon’tknow.28.You’dbetter…29.Thankyouallthesame.30.WhichbusdoItake?31.Goalongthisroad.32.Whatdaywasityesterday?33.I’msorrytohearthat.34.Ihopeyou’rebetternow.35.Whydidyoucallme?36.Icalledtotell…IV.重要语法1.begoingto的用法；2.形容词的比较级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比较4.一般过去时【名师讲解】1.onthestreet/inthestreet表示“在街上”时，onthestreet和inthestreet都可以，在美国多用onthestreet,在英国多用inthestreet.例如：Wehaveahouseinthestreet.我们在街上有座房子。Imethimonthestreet.我在街上遇见了他。2.wouldlike/likewouldlike和like含义不同。like意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而wouldlike意思是“想要”。试比较：Ilikebeer.=I’mfondofbeer.我喜欢喝啤酒。I’dlikeaglassofbeer=Iwantaglassofbeer.我想要一杯啤酒。Doyoulikegoingtothecinema?你喜欢看电影吗？Wouldyouliketogotothecinematonight?你今晚想去看电影吗？3.another/theother(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或物体。例如：MayIhaveanotherapple,please?请在给我一个苹果好吗？Thiscoatistoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmeanother这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。(2)theother通常指两者中的另一个。例如：Hehastworulers.Oneisshort.Theotherislong.他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。161\nIhavetwobrothers.OneworksinXi’an.TheotherworksinBeijing.我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4.haveto/must(1)haveto和must都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用haveto。例如：Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）Theyhavetoworkfortheboss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作）(2)haveto可用于多种时态，must只能用于一般现在时。例如：I’llhavetogetupearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。Wehadtoworklonghourseverydayinordertogetmoremoney.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’thaveto意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：Youmustn’tbelateagainnexttime.下一次你决不能再迟到。Youdon’thavetogotheretoday.Youcangotheretomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5.hearsb.orsth.doingsth./herarsb.orsth.dosth.hearsb.orsth.doingsth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而herarsb.orsth.dosth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：IhearhimsinginganEnglishsong.听见他在唱英歌曲。IheardhimsinganEnglishsong.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似hear这种用法的还有see,watch,listen,feel等感官动词。6.any/someany和some都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：Iwantsomemoney.我想要点钱。Haveyouanymoney?你有钱吗？Idon’thaveanymoney.我一点钱也没有。some有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：Wouldyoulikesomemorebeer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？CouldIhavesomerice,please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7.hear/listentolistento和hear都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listento强调“听”的动作，hear强调“听”的结果。例如：Listentome,please!I’mgoingtotellyouastory.请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom?听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？Ilistened,butheardnothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。hear后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：Ihearsomeforeignstudentswillvisitourschool.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。Ihearthereisgoingtobeafilminourschoolthisevening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。8.Let’s…/Letus…Let’s…和Letus…都表示“让我们……”,如果us包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shallwe.如果us不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Letus…的附带问句要用willyou。例如：Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?我们去购物好吗？9.take/bring/carry/get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”,get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：Myparentsoftentakemethereonholidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。I’mgoingtotakeyoutoBeijing.我准备带你去北京。Bringmeacupoftea,please.请给我端杯茶来。161\nI’llbringthebooktoyoutomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。Thewaitercarriedthemetothetable服务员把肉送到桌上。Themonkeycarriedthebagonherback.猴子把那个包背在背上。Shewentbacktogetherhandbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Letmegetthedoctor.让我去请医生吧。10.faraway/faraway(1)faraway是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Somearefaraway.Somearenearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.那个村子离这儿很远。(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：Helivesinfarawaymountainvillage.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11.find/lookforfind和lookfor都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find强调“找”的结果，而lookfor强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：Heislookingforhisbike.他在找他的自行车。I’mlookingformywatch,butcan’tfindit.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。Ihopeyouwillsoonfindyourlostring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：Ifoundawalletinthedesk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12.infrontof/inthefrontofInfrontof表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。Inthefrontof表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：MyseatisinfrontofMary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。Heissittinginthefrontofthecarwiththedriver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】1.begoingto的用法；2.形容词的比较级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比较4.一般过去时5.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6.本单元学过的日常交际用语。【中考范例】1.(2004年烟台市中考试题)Intheexam,the________youare,the________mistakesyou’llmake.A.carefully,littleB.morecarefully,fewestC.morecareful,fewerD.morecareful,less【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。2.(2004年河北省中考试题)Bobneverdoeshishomework_________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyD.ascarefulas【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是notas+副词+as的结构，所以答案应是B。3.(2004年重庆市中考试题)ThatdayIsawsomeparents_________atthebackoftheclassroom,________totheteacher.A.sitting,listenedB.sat,listenedC.sitting,listeningD.sat,listening【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是seesb.doingsth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做伴随状语。4.(2004年杭州市中考试题)You________openthedoorbeforethetraingetsintothestation.161\nA.don’thavetoB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’thaveto和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，maynot的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不许”，“禁止”。【满分演练】一.单项填空1.Welcomeback________school.A.inB.atC.toD.on2.MissGaoisournewChineseteacher________.A.inthistermB.thistermC.onthistermD.thatterm3.---I’msorryI’mlate.---_____________.A.OKB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.AllrightD.Thankyou4.LiMuandJillaretalking_________wheretheyaregoing.A.aboutB.toC.withD.for5.Thereisvery______foodinthehouse.A.afewB.littleC.alittleD.few6.You’dbettertakearaincoat____you.A.toB.withC.onD.for7.ThechildrenaregoingtotheGreatWall______afieldtrip.A.toB.withC.onD.for8.I’m______hungry.MayIhaveamooncake?A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few9.I’mstillhungry.I’dlike_________one.A.otherB.anotherC.anotherD.theother10.Themoonlooks____thanthesun,butinfactthesunis______thanthemoon.A.big;bigB.bigger;biggerC.small;smallD.smaller;smaller11.Icanseethem_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.areplaying12.JiWeiruns_________thanI.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.thefastest13.Ithinksteamedbreadis____________hamburger.A.moredeliciousthanB.mostdeliciousthanC.moredelicioustoD.mostdeliciousto14.---Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?----__________.I’mfree.A.TodomyhomeworkB.TocleanmyhouseC.TodosomeshoppingD.Nothingmuch15.---MayIspeaktoJack?---____________.Who’sthat?A.I’mJackB.ThatisJackC.ThisisJackspeakingD.I’mJackspeaking16.----Whynot_________andseetheplay?---Goodidea.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goes17.It’scoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoor_________.A.closeB.closingC.closesD.closed18.Myhomeisabouttwohundredmetres_____ourschool.A.fromB.farfromC.awayD.to19.Therearesomeappletrees________herhouse.A.inthefrontofB.atthebackof161\nC.inthemiddleofD.atthefrontof20.Whichfloordoyou________?A.liveB.liveonC.liveatD.livein二.完形填空TheXingqingPalacePark（兴庆宫公园）is__1___parkinXi’an.__2__SaturdaysorSundays,childrenlike___3___there__4___theirparents.Theretheycanplaygames.Thereisalakeandahillinthepark.TodayisSunday.Manychildrenareplayinginthepark.Look!Somechildren__5___onthelake.Theyaregood__6___it.Istheboat___7___achicken?No.Itlookslikeaduck.Someboysareplaying__8___footballonthegrass(草地)。Afewboys__9___thehilloverthere.Allthechildrenarehavingagoodtime.Theythinkplayingintheparkis___10___thanhavingclassesatschool.1.A.biggerB.thebiggestC.smallerD.thesmaller2.A.InB.OnC.AtD.With3.A.walkingB.goingC.runningD.flying4.A.withB.forC.onD.in5.A.isswimmingB.isboatingC.arerunningD.areboating6.A.InB.withC.fromD.at7.A.lookB.likesC.looksD.like8.A.aB./C.anD.the9.A.arerunningB.arewalkingC.areclimbingD.arejumping10.A.littlebetterB.muchbetterC.manybetterD.thebest三.阅读理解(A)MarkTwainistravelingtoDijonbytrain.Hewantstosleepverymuch,soheaskstheconductor(服务员)towakehimupwhenthetraingetstoDijon.Thehegoestosleep.Later,whenwakesup,itisearlythenextmorningandthetrainhasgottoParis.Heknowsatonce（立即）thattheconductordoesn’twakehimupatDijon.Heisveryangry.Herunsuptotheconductorandsays,“Whydidn’tyouwakemeupandputmeoffthetrainatDijon?Iamveryangryaboutit!”Theconductorsmilesandlooksathim,“AnotherAmericanismoreangrythanyou.Butyoucan’tseehimnow.IputhimoffthetrainatDijonlastnight.”根据短文内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1．MarktwainaskstheconductortowakehimupinParis.2．ThetraingottoDijonatnight.3．MarkTwainwasveryangrywiththeconductor.4．Theconductormadeamistake（错误）.HeputanotherAmericanoffthetrainatDijon.5．MarkTwaincan’tseethatAmericanbecausetheAmericandoesn’tlikehim.(B)Theworsttourist(游客)intheworldisNicholasScottiofSanFrancisco(旧金山).OnceheflewfromtheUStohishometowninItaly(意大利)toseesomeoneathome.Theplanemadeaone-hourstoptogetoil(油)atKennedyAirport(机场)ofNewYork.Ashethoughthehadarrivedhome,MrScottigotofftheplane.HethoughthewasinRome(罗马).Whennobodywastheretomeethim,MrScottithoughtmaybetheywereheldupbyheavytraffic.Whilelookingfortheiraddresses,MrScottifoundthattheold"Rome"hadchangedalot.Manyoldbuildingswerereplacedbyhighmodernones.HealsofoundthatmanypeoplespokeEnglishinsteadofItalianandthatmanystreetsignswerewritteninEnglish.MrScottiknewverylittleEnglish,soheaskedapoliceman(inItalian)thewaytothebusstation.HehappenedtomeetapolicemanwhowasalsoborninItalyandansweredhiminthesamelanguage.Aftertwelvehours'travelingroundonabus,thedriverhandedhimovertoasecondpoliceman.HeaskedthepolicemanwhytheRomepoliceemployed(雇佣)somanypeopleaspolicemenspeakingEnglishofItalian.161\nTogethimonaplanebacktoSanFrancisco,Hewassenttotheairportinapolicecarwithsirens(警报)on."Look,"saidScottitohisinterpreter(翻译),"IknowI'minItaly.That'showtheydrive."1.WhenMrScottiarrivedattheairport,nobodymethimbecause____________.A.hewasinNewYorkB.hewasinRomeC.policemencouldhelphimD.hewasinanItaliancity2.Inwhatdirection(方向)didtheplaneflywhenMrScottiwenttoItalyfromtheUS?A.Totheeast.B.Tothesouth.C.TothewestD.Tothenorth.3.WhywasMrScottisosurethathewasinRome?A.Becausehetraveledalot.B.BecauseheknewlittleabouttheUS.C.BecauseheknewlittleaboutItaly.D.Becausehedidn'ttravelmuch.4.AtlastMrScotti_________.A.knewhedidsomethingwrongB.stillthoughthewasC.knewhewaswrongD.knewhewashome5.DoyouthinkmanypeopledothesamethingasMrScottidid?A.NobodybutMrScottimadethiskindofmistake.B.Manypeoplemakethiskindofmistake.C.Fewpeoplemakethiskindofmistake.D.50%ofpeoplewillmakethesamemistake.(C)MywifeandIstayedinLondonforafewweekslastyear.Wewentthereintheautumn.WethinkitisthebestseasontovisitEngland.TheweatherisusuallyquitegoodandtherearenottoomanyvisitorsinOctober.Westayedinasmallrestaurant(餐馆)intheWestEnd.Wedidmostofoursightseeing(观光)onfoot.Wewenttolookatalltheplaces.Wewentshoppingandspent(花费)toomuchmoney.Welikedgoingtothetheatre(戏院).Wedon'thavethechance(机会)toseesuchgoodplays(戏剧)athome.AlotofpeoplesayEnglishfoodisverybad.Wedidn'tthinkso.MostoftherestaurantsareFrenchorChinese,butwehadsomeverygoodmeals.Weenjoyedourholidayverymuch.Wewanttogothereagainthisyear.Wearegoingtotakeourumbrellas(伞).I'msurewe'llneedthemsometimes.1.“Wewentshoppingandspenttoomuchmoney”means_________.A.theydidn'tenjoyshoppingandspenttoomuchmoneyB.prices(价格)werehighinEnglandC.thereweresomanygoodthingsintheshopsandtheyboughtalotD.theylikedtogoshoppingwithlotsofmoney2.Theydidn'thavethechancetoseesuchgoodplays_________.A.intheirsmallrestaurantB.intheirhometownC.inFranceD.inEngland3.Youcanget_______inarestaurant.A.mealsB.clothesC.booksD.cakes4.I'msurewe'llneedumbrellassometimesbecause__________.A.umbrellascanbeverygoodpresentsfortheirfriendsinLondonB.itoftenrainsin161\nLondonC.theEnglishpeopleliketobringumbrellaswiththemD.theEnglishpeopleprotect(保护)themselveswithumbrella5.Thetwovisitorscamefrom________.A.EnglandB.FranceC.AmericaD.acountrywedon'tknow四.根据所给汉语完成下列英语句子1.YesterdayafternoonMissLicamehere_________(向你道歉).2.Idideverything___________(他要求我做的).3.Wesawtheoldscientist____________(在花园里散步)justnow.4.Mygrandpahas___________(好记忆).Hecanremembermanythings.5.Doyouknowwho_______(发明了机器人)？6.Ifind____________(记住这些单词很难).7.Ienjoy____________(吃大肉).8.Don’tstand___________(一直).Pleasegivemeahand.9.WangZheng__________(出身在)aworker’sfamily.10.________________(祝你们好运),alltheboys.【练习答案】一.1.C2.B3.B4.A5.B6.B7.D8.A9.B10.B11.B12.B13.A14.D15.C16.A17.D18.A19.B20.B二.1.B2.B3.B4.A5.D6.D7.D8.B9.C10.B三.(A)1.B2.A3.A4.A5.B(B)1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A(C)1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D四.1.tosaysorrytoyou2.heaskedmetodo3.walkinginthegarden4.agoodmemory5.inventedtherobot6.itdifficulttorememberthesewords7.eatingmeat8.allthetime9.wasbornin10.Goodluck初三系列复习资料（24）Book2(Unit10-Unit18)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十四、Book2(Unit10-Unit18)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.giveaconcert2.falldown3.goon4.attheendof5.goback6.inahurry7.writedown8.comeout9.alltheyearround10.lateron11.attimes12.ringsb.up13.HappyNewYear!14.haveaparty15.holdon16.hearfrom17.beready18.atthemoment19.takeout20.thesameas21.turnover22.get-together23.puton24.takeaseat161\n25.waitfor26.getlost27.justthen28.firstofall29.gowrong30.makeanoise31.geton32.getoff33.standinline34.attheheadof35.laughat36.throwabout37.infact38.atmidnight39.enjoyoneself40.haveaheadache41.haveacough42.fallasleep43.againandagain44.lookover45.takeexerciseII.重要句型1.begoodforsth.2.Ithink…3.Ihope…4.Ilove…5.Idon’tlike…6.I’msure…7.forgettodosth.8.takeamessageforsb.9.givesb.themessage10.helpyourselftosth.11.befamousforsth.12.onone’swayto…13.makeone’swayto…14.quarrelwithsb.15.agreewithsb.16.stopsb.fromdoingsth.III.交际用语1.What’stheweatherliketoday?2.It’scold,butquitesuuny.3.Howcolditistoday!4.Yes,butit’llbewarmerlateron.5.Shallwemakeasnowman?6.Ok.Comeon!7.HappyNewYear!8.MayIspeaktoAnn,please?？9.Holdon,please.10.Thanksalotforinvitingmetoyourparty.11.Ok.ButI’mafraidImaybealittlelate.12.CanItakeamessageforyou?13.That’sOK.Itdoesn’tmatter.14.I’mverysorry,butIcan’tcome.161\n15.I’msorrytohearthat.16.Happybirthday!17.Wouldyoulike...?Wouldyouliketo...?18.Doyouthink...?Yes,Ithinkso./No,Idon'tthinkso.19.Doyouagree?Yes,Iagree./No,don'treallyagree.Ireallycan'tagree.20.Thereareafew/alotof.../onit.21.Sodowe.22.I'mhappyyoulikeit.23.Whichisthewayto...,please?24.Turnright/leftatthe...crossing.25.Goonuntilyoureach...26.HowcanIgetto...?Godown/up/alongthisroad.27.What'sthematter?28.It'lltakeyouhalfanhourto...29.We'dbettercatchabus.30.Itmaybein...Ah,soitis31.Youmustbemorecareful!32.Youmustn'tcrosstheroadnow.33.Ifyouwanttocrossastreet,youmustwaitforthegreenlight.34.Pleasestandinline.35.Youmustwaitforyourturn.36.Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbelate.37.Idon'tfeelverywell.38.Myheadhurts.39.Youmustn'teatanythinguntilyouseethedoctor.40.What'sthetrouble?41.What'sthematterwith…?42.Shedidn'tfeellikeeatinganything.43.Nothingserious.44.Have/getapainin…45.Noproblem.46.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.IV.重要语法1.一般过去时；2.反意疑问句的用法；3.一般将来时；4.感叹句；5.简单句的五种基本句型；6.情态动词can,may和must,haveto的用法；7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1.above/over/on这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：Thereisabookonthedesk.课桌上有一本书。Iraisemyrighthandabovemyhead.我把右手高举过头。Thereisastonebridgeovertheriver.河面上有座石桥。2.forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.forgettodosth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forgetdoingsth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：Iforgottotellhimthenews.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。Iforgottellinghimthenews.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。161\n类似的词还有：remember,regret等。3.hope/wishhope和wish在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：IwishIwere20yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。Ihopeyou’llbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来。Iwishtheweatherwasn’tsocold.但愿天气不这麽冷。Ihopehewillcome,too.我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb.todosth.的结构，而hope不可以。例如：Doyouwishmetocomebacklater?你是否希望我再来？4.besuretodosth./besureof/aboutsb.orsth.(1)besuretodosth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Besuretolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时务必把门锁好。It’sagoodfilm.Youaresuretoenjoyit.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)besureof/aboutsb.orsth.可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：I’msureofhissuccess.我相信他会成功。Ithinkitwasthreeyearsago,butI’mnotsureaboutit.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。5.hearfrom/hearofhear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：I’veheardfromXiaoWuthatwe’llstartoutmilitarytrainingtomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。ListentothetapeandwriteoutwhatyouhearfromHanMei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hearfrom还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receivealetterfromsb.）。例如：IheardfrommypenfriendintheU.S.A.lastmonth.上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。Iheardfromherlastweek.我上周接到了她的来信。hearof和和hearfrom含义不同。hearof意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Whoishe?I’veneverheardofhim.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。Ineverheardofsuchathing!这样的事我从来没有听说过。6.It’sapleasure./Withpleasure.It’sapleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：---Thankyouforhelpingme.谢谢你地帮助。---It’sapleasure.那是我乐意做的。---Thanksalot.Bye.非常感谢。再见。---It’sapleasure.那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有“Notatall.”“Youarewelcome.”“That’sallright.”Withpleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：---Willyoupleasepassmethenewspaper,please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？---Withpleasure.当然可以。7.seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(tobe)+形容词和asif从句。如：Heseems/looks(tobe)veryhappytoday.他今天看起来很高兴。Itlooks(seems)asifititisgoingtorain.好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：161\n1)后跟不定式todo时。如：Heseemstoknowtheanswer.他似乎知道答案。2)在Itseemsthat...结构中。如：Itseemsthatheishappiernowthanyesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。8.bereadytodo/bereadyfor/getreadytodo/getreadyfor(1)bereadytodo和bereadyfor…表示“已作好…的准备”，强调状态(2)getreadytodo和getreadyfor…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：I'mreadytodoanythingyouwantmetodo.我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。I'mreadyforanyquestionsyoumayask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。He'sgettingreadytoleaveforTokyo.他正准备动身去东京。Let'sgetreadyforthehardmoment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)bereadytodo通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。benotreadytodo表示“不轻易做某事”。如：He'susuallynotreadytolistentoothers.他通常不轻易听从别人。9.attable/atthetableattable在吃饭，atthetable在桌子旁边。例如：TheGreensareattable.格林一家人在吃饭。Mr.Blackissittingatthetableandreadingabook.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。10.reach,arrive/getto三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。getto后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arriveat+小地方，arrivein+大地方。如：Lucygottothezoobefore8o'clock.露西8点前到了动物园。WhendidyourparentsarriveinShanghai?你父母何时到上海的？ItwaslatewhenIgothome.我到家时天色已晚。11.sick/ill二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：LiLeiwasilllastweek.(只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He'sasickman.（作定语）他是病人。不能说成：He'sanillman.Mygrandfatherwassickforamonthlastyear.（作表语）我祖父去年病了一个月。12.intime/ontimeintime是"及时"的意思，ontime是"准时，按时"。如：Ididn'tgettothebusstopintime.我没有及时赶上汽车。We'llfinishourjobontime.我们要按时完成任务。13.maybe/maybeItmaybeinyourinsidepocket.=Maybeitisinyourinsidepocket.也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中maybe是情态动词+be动词构成的谓语部分，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词perhaps。再如：Maybeyouputitinthatbag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说Youmaybeputitinthatbag.）Itmaybeahat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说Itmaybeahat.或Itmaybeisahat.）14.noise/voice/soundnoise指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：Don'tmakesomuchnoise!别那么大声喧哗！Ididn'trecognizeJohn'svoiceonthetelephone.在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。Hespokeinalowvoice.他低声说话。Weheardastrangesound.我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Soundtravelsfast,butlighttravelsfaster.声音传得快，但是光传得更快。【考点扫描】161\n中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.一般过去时；2.反意疑问句的用法；3.一般将来时；4.感叹句；5.简单句的五种基本句型；6.情态动词can,may和must,haveto的用法；7.时间状语从句和条件状语从句；8.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；9.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2004年长沙市中考试题)---Doyouknowifwewillgotothecinematomorrow?---Ithinkwe’llgoifwe________toomuchhomework.A.willhaveB.hadC.won’thaveD.don’thave【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。2.(2004年佛山市中考试题)YouhavebeentoTibet,_________?Iwastoldthatthesnow-coveredmountainswereverybeautiful.A.haveyouB.haven’tyouC.don’tyou【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分，而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)---Jacky,lookatthatJapanesesumoist(相扑手).---Wow,______________!A.HowafatmanB.WhatafatmanC.HowfatmanD.Whatfatman【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只保留了感叹部分。如果以What开头，就应该是Whatafatman!如果是How开头，就应该是Howfat!4.(2004年福建省泉州市中考试题)---Thanksforyourhelp.---__________________A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.Don’tthankmeC.You’rewelcomeD.That’sright【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“That’sallright.”或”You’rewelcome.”【满分演练】一.选择填空1.Don’tforget_________yourbookheretomorrow.A.totakeB.tobringC.takingD.bringing2.MrsBrownwenttothecinema,______she?A.didn’tB.doesn’tC.wasn’tD.isn’t3.Itwashalfpastfour.Everything_______ready.A.isB.wasC.areD.were4.---HappyNewYear!---____________.A.ThesametoyouB.I’mgladtohearthatC.I’mveryhappyD.Thankyou.It’sverykindofyou.5.Igotuplateyesterday.There_________notimetohavebreakfast.A.hasB.hadC.wasD.is6.Thankyoufor______metoyourparty.161\nA.inviteB.invitingC.toinviteD.invited7.---I’msorryItookyourpenbymistakeyesterday.---______________.A.AllrightB.That’srightC.RightD.That’sallright8.---Thankyouforshowingmetheway!---________________.A.ThesametoyouB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.It’sapleasureD.That’sright9.---CouldIuseyourcomputerforamoment?---_____________.A.SureB.ReallyC.RightD.Itdoesn’tmatter10.---Ijustlostmybike.---________________.A.IwishyoutobuyanewoneB.You’dbetterbuyanewoneC.I’msorrytohearthatD.It’salwaysnicetorideanewone二.选择能代替句中划线部分的词语或短语1.What’sthematterwithyourmother?A.problemB.questionC.messageD.wrong2.---Thankyouverymuch.---It’sapleasure.A.I’mveryglad.B.That’sright.C.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Notatall3.Whatishedoingatthemoment?A.nowB.amomentagoC.lateDlateron4.Didyouhaveagoodtimeattheparty?A.staylongB.singanddanceC.enjoyyourselfD.eatenough5.---MayIspeaktoJohn,please?---Certainly.A.Sure.B.Ithinkso.C.I’dlovetoD.That’sallright.6.---CouldIspeaktoJim,please?---Sorry，heisn’tin.A.isathomeB.isnotatworkC.isoutD.isfree7.Thereisnothingbutanoldtableintheroom.A.manyB.someC.anyD.only8.What’stheweatherlike?A.WhenB.WhereC.whyD.How9.Pleaseletmelookatyourphoto.A.givemeB.passmeC.bringmeD.showme10.Pleaseaskhimtoringmeupwhenhecomesback.A.seeB.helpC.callD.thank三.完形填空WhenI__1__inLondonlastyear,ithadoneofthethickestfogs(雾)inyears.Youcould__2____seeyourhandin__3___ofyourface.Wheneveningfell,itbecameeven__4___.Alltraffic(交通)__5___toastop.Idecidedtowalk.Afewminutes__6___,Icouldn’tfindmy__7___.ThenIsawayoungmanandaskedhimtohelpme.Heagreed.AsIwasfollowinghim__8__thestreets,hetoldme,“IknowthispartofLondonquitewell.Andthethickfog___9__tome.Yousee,I’m__10___.”1.A.isB.wasC.amD.are2.A.easilyB.hardC.hardlyD.even3.A.frontB.thefrontC.backD.theback161\n4.A.badB.worseC.goodD.better5.A.beganB.startedC.wentDcame6.A.lateB.laterC.earlyD.earlier7.A.roadB.wayC.streetD.home8.A.alongB.inC.throughD.by9.A.isnotgoodB.doesgoodC.isnothingD.hassomething10.A.strongB.weekC.blindD.clever四.阅读理解(A)Johnwasaveryfamouspianist.Whenhewasasmallboy,heonceplayedatapartyatthehomeofarichman.Hewasonlyeightyearsold.Buthehadplayedforseveralyears.AtthepartyheplayedafamouspiecebyBeethoven(贝多芬).Heplayedwonderfully.Thefamouspiecehasinitseveralverylongrests.Ineachoftheserestshetookhishandsfromthepianoandwaited.Tohimthiswasveryexciting.Butitseemedthatthemotheroftherichmanthoughtdifferently.Finallyduringoneoftheserestsshecameovertohim.Shetouchedhimontheheadwithasmileandsaid,“Myboy,whydon’tyouplayuswhatyouknowwell?”根据短文内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.Johnonceplayedthepianoatapartywhenhewasonlyalittleboy.2.Johnbegantoplaythepianoattheageofeight.3.IneachoftherestsJohntookhishandsfromthepianobecausehefelttired.4.Therichman’smotherdidnotthinkJohnplayedthepiecewell.5.Infactthemotheroftherichmanknewthepiecewell.(B)Oneday,wehadanEnglishclass.Theteachersawaboyreadingapicturebookandsaid,“Tom,whatdoyouusuallydoafterlunch?”Tomnervously(紧张地)gotupfromhisseat,buthedidnotknowwhattoanswer.Hethoughtforsometimeandthensaid,“Waitforsupper.”Theteacherwasdispleased(不高兴)andjustatthatmoment,hesawanotherboyasleep.Theteacherwasgettingalittleangrynow,buthewastryingnottoshowit.Thenheasked,“Andyou,Joke?”AsJokewasasleep,ofcourse,hecouldnothearwhattheteacherhadsaid.Hisdeskmate(同桌)wokehimup.Jokestoodupquicklyandansweredinaloudvoice,“SodoI”.1.Thisstoryhappened____________.A.intheteacher’sofficeB.afterlunchC.inclassD.ahome2.Tom’sanswermadetheteacher__________.A.angryB.displeasedC.surprisingD.laughing3.TheteacheraskedJoke________.A.whathewantedtodoafterclassB.whathedidinclassC.thesamequestionasheaskedTomD.tohelpTom4.Joke’sanswermeantthat_______.A.heknewwhattodoandwhatnottodoafterlunchB.hedidthesamethingasTomdidC.hereadapicture-bookD.hedidmanythingsafterlunch5.Fromtheabovestorywecanseethat________.A.JokedidnotknowwhatquestiontheteacherhadaskedB.Tomdidwellinhislessons161\nC.JokewasgoodathislessonsD.TomandJokeworkedhardattheirlessons(C)MrsBlack,thewifeofarichbusinessman,invitedsomeofherfriendstohavelunch.Shewantedtotryanewwayofcookingafish,andshewasverypleasedwithherselfwhenthedishwasready.Asthedishwasveryhot,sheputitneartheopenwindowtocoolforafewminutes.But,fiveminuteslater,whenshecamebackforit,shewasshocked(震惊)tofindtheneighbour’scatatthedish.Shewasintimetostopthecar.Thatafternoonwassuccessfulandeveryoneenjoyedthedishverymuch.Theytalkedandlaughedtillfouro’clock.Attheendoftheafternoon,whenshewasaloneagain,MrsBlackfelttiredandhappy.Shewasinachairjustnearthewindow.Shelookedoutofthewindowandshockedtoseetheneighbour’scatdeadinhergarden.Why,thefishdishmustbebad!Whatwouldhappentoherfriends?Sheatoncetelephonedthefamilydoctorforadvice.Thedoctortoldhertotelephoneeachofthevisitorstomeethimatthehospitalassoonashecould.Finallythedangerwasover.OnceagainMrsBlackwasaloneinherchairinthesitting-room,stilltiredbutnolongerhappy.Justthenthetelephonerang.Itwasherneighbour.“Oh,MrsBlack,”herneighbourcried,“Mycatisdead.Shewaskilledbysomeoneinacarandputitinyourgarden.”1.MrsBlackinvited_______tolunch.A.MrBlack’sfriendsB.herneighbourC.herparentsD.someofherfriends2.WhywasMrsBlacknothappyaftershehadagoodparty?A.Shewassadaboutthedeadcat.B.Shefoundherfishdishwasbad.C.Sheneverthoughtthatshewouldhavesomuchtrouble.D.Shefelttiredaftershehadabusyday.3.MrsBlack________________________.A.stoppedthecatbeforeitbegantoeatthefishB.wastoolatetostopthecatintimeC.stoppedthecatbeforeitatethefishupD.stoppedthecatbutitwastoolate4.WhywasMrsBlacksoshockedtoseethecatdeadinhergarden?A.Shelikedthecatverymuch.B.Sheworriedaboutherfriends.C.Shewassurethatherfishwasbad.D.Shedidn’tknowhowthecatdied.5.Finally________________.A.MrsBlackfoundthatallherfriendswereallrightB.avisitortoldherthatthecatwaskilledbysomeoneinacarC.MrsBlackfelthappyasallherfriendsweresafeD.MrsBlackmetallherfriendsatthehospital五.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.收音机里说今天晚些时候雨会停的。Theradiosaystherain________________today.2.我不喜欢冬天，因为天气太冷了。Idon’tlikewinter,_____it’s_________.3.西安位于中国的西北部。Xi’anis______the______ofChina.4.多好吃的面包啊！__________breaditis!5.明天白天温度将保持在零度以上。Thetemperaturewill______________inthedaytimetomorrow.161\n六.句型转换，使第二个句子和第一个句子的意思相近或相同1.Whatahotdaytoday!__________itistoday!2.MostofNorthandSouthChinawillhaveacoldwetday.____willbecoldandwet_____mostofNorthandSouthChina.3.Theradiosaysitwillbecloudysometimes.Theradiosaysitwillbecloudy________.4.Thesnowwillbeheavyinsomeplaces.It_______________insomeplaces.5.Shallwegooutforawalk?__________goingoutforawalk?【练习答案】一.1.B2.A3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.C9.A10.C二.I.1.D2.D3.A4.C5.A6.C7.D8.D9.D10.C三.1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.B7.B8.C9.C10.C四.(A)1.A2.B3.B4.A5.B(B)1.C2.B3.C4.B5.A(C)1.D2.C3.A4.B5.A五.1.willstoplateron2.because,toocold3.in,northwest4.Whatdelicious5.stayabovezero六.1.Howhot2.It,in3.attimes4.willsnowheavily5.Howabout初三系列复习资料（25）Book2(Unit19-Unit26)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十五、Book2(Unit19-Unit26)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.ontime2.outof3.allbyoneself4.lotsof5.nolonger6.getback7.soonerorlater8.runaway9.eatup10.takecareof11.turnoff12.turnon13.afterawhile14.makefaces15.teachoneself16.falloff17.playthepiano18.knockat19.toone'ssurprise20.lookup21.enjoyoneself22.helpyourself23.tellastory/stories24.leave....behind……25.comealong26.holdasportsmeeting27.beneckandneck28.as...as161\n29.notso/as...as30.doone'sbest31.takepartin32.amomentlate33.Badluck!34.fallbehind35.highjump36.longjump37.relayrace38.welldone!39.takeoff40.asusual41.apairof42.atonce43.hurryoff44.cometooneself45.afterawhile46.knockon47.takecareof48.atthemoment49.setoff50.hereandthere51.onwatch52.lookout53.takeone’splaceII.重要句型1.We’dbetternotdosth.2.leaveone.oneself3.findone’swaytoaplace4.standonone’shead5.makesb.Happy6.catchupwithsb.7.passonsth.tosomebody8.spendtimedoingsth.9.goondoingsth.10.getonwellwithsb.11.beangrywithsb.12.befedupwithsth.13.not…until…14.makeroomforsb.III.交际用语1.We’reallbyourselves.2.Ifellalittleafraid.3.Don’tbeafraid.4.Help!5.Can’tyouhearanything?6.Ican’thearanything/anybodythere.7.Maybeit’satiger.8.Let’sgetitbackbeforetheyeatthefood.9.Didshelearnallbyherself?10.Couldsheswimwhenshewas…yearsold?11.Shedidn’thurtherself.12.Hecouldn’tbuyhimselfmanynicethings.161\n13.Didheenjoyhimself?14.Helpyourselves.15.Badluck!16.Comeon!17.Welldone!Congratulations(to…)!18.Itmustbeveryinteresting.19.Idon’tthinkyou’lllikeit.20.Itseemstobeaninterestingbook.21.I’msure(that)…I’mnotsureif…I’mnotsurewhatto…22.Ihopeso.23.Whatwashe/shedrawingwhen…?24.I’msorrytotroubleyou.25.Wouldyouplease…?26.Whatwereyoudoingatteno’clockyesterdaymorning?27.Youlooktiredtoday.28.You’dbettergotobedearlytonight,ifyoucan.29.Howkind!30.Let’smovethebag,oritmaycauseanaccident.31.It’sreallyniceofyou.32.Don’tmentionit.33.Don’tcrowdaroundhim.IV.重要语法1.不定代词/副词的运用；2.反身代词的用法；3.并列句；4.形容词和副词的比较等级；5.冠词的用法；6.动词的过去进行时；【名师讲解】1.bring/takeBring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：Bringmethebook,please.把那本书给我拿来。Takesomefoodtotheoldman.给那位老人带去些食物。2.somebody/anybody/nobody一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如：Somebodycametoseeyouwhenyouwereout.你出来时有人来见你。Doesanybodyliveonthisisland?有人在这岛上住吗？Ididn'tseeanybodythere.我在那儿谁也没看见。Don'tletanybodyin.I'mtoobusytoseeanybody.别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。Thereisnobodyintheroom.房间里没人。Nobodytoldmethatyouwereill,soIdidn'tknowaboutit.谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。3.listen,listento,hear这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于：(1)listen只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.听！有人在教室唱歌。(2)listento为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如：Doyoulikelisteningtolightmusic?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？(3)hear可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：Wehearwithourears.我们用耳朵听。Shelistensbuthearsnothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。161\n4.many/much/afew/alittle/few/little(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：Hehasmanybooks.他有许多书。Hedrankmuchmilk.他喝了许多牛奶。(2)afew和alittle都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定，相当于"some"，但afew修饰可数名词，alittle修饰不可数名词，例如：HehasafewfriendsinLondon.他在伦敦有一些朋友。Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,justalittle.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。(3)few和little表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：Heisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.赶快，没什么时间了。5.either/neither/botheither可作形容词，一般指"两者中的任何一个"。有时也可表示"两个都……"的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither:指两者中没有一个，全否定；both:指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如：Neitherofthefilmsisgood.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）Eitherofthefilmsisgood.两部电影都不错。（谓语动词用单数）Boththeteachersoftenanswerthequestions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。6.takepartin/jointakepartin参加某种活动;join参加，加入某一政党或组织。例如：Canyoutakepartinmyparty.你能来参加我的派对吗？Weoftentakepartinmanyschoolactivities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。Hejoinedthepartyin1963.他1963年入的党。Mylittlebrotherjoinedthearmylastyear.我小弟去年参的军。7.quite/rather/very(1)quite表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：Sheisquiteright.她对极了。That'snotquitewhatIwant.那并不完全是我所要的。(2)rather表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程度要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：It'srathercoldtoday.今天的天气相当冷。(3)very表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“avery+形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"应置于"very"之前，该结构相当“quitea/an+形容词+名词”的结构。如：Twomonthsisquitealongtime./averylongtime.两个月是一段很长的时间。It'saveryniceday/quiteaniceday.今天天气很好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.不定代词/副词的运用；2.反身代词的用法；3.并列句；4.形容词和副词的比较等级；5.冠词的用法；6.动词的过去进行时；7.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；8.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2004年江西省中考试题)---Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.---Oh,IamsorryI___________dinneratmyfriend’shome.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad【解析】答案：C。该提考查的是动词的时态。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作应用过去进行时。161\n2.(2004年北京市中考试题)---Whichis_________,thesun,themoonortheearth?---Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest【解析】答案：D。该提考查的是形容词的比较等级。三者进行比较，其中最小的应用最高级，而形容词最高级之前必须加顶冠词the。3.(2004年河北省中考试题)Bobneverdoeshishomework_________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。空白处所缺的词是修饰动词短语doeshishomework的，应该用副词。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人细心”应用“notascarefullyas”这样的结构。4.(2004年吉林省中考试题)---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting.---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhaveanaccident.A.andB.orC.soD.but【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是连接并列句的并列连词的选择。And通常连接两个意思一致的并列句，so连接两个有因果关系的并列句，but连接两个有转折关系的并列句，or相当于ifnot意思是“否则”。【满分演练】一.单项选择1.Whojumps________inyourclass?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.longer2.---Imadethecakeby________.Help__________,Tom.---Thanks,Jane.A.ourselves;yourselfB.myself;yourselfC.myself;yourselvesD.ourselves;yourselves3.There________afootballgameonTVthisafternoon.A.isgoingtohaveB.willbeC.isgoingtoplayD.willplay4.WuDongwas_______tiredthathecouldn'tkeephiseyes_________.A.too,openB.so,closedC.too,closedD.so,open5.Canyouhear__________?A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.somebody6.Thestudentsstop__________whentheteachercamein.A.totalkB.talkingC.talkedD.talk7.Itoldhim________story.A.thewholeB.theallC.wholetheD.all8.Please_________earlytomorrow,mum.A.wakeupmeB.wakesmeupC.wakemeupD.willwakemeup9.HewillgototheGreatWallifit__________tomorrow.A.won'trainB.doesn'trainC.don'trainD.isn'training10.Canyoutellus_________?A.wherehaveyougoneB.whereyouhavegoneC.wherehaveyoubeenD.whereyouhavebeen11.LiLei,sitdown,please.I'll________yousometea.A.takeB.tobringC.getD.give12.Don'tforgetto_________yourdictionaryheretomorrow.A.takeB.bringC.carryD.borrow13.Hecouldn'twash________whenhewasfiveyearsold.A.hisB.himC.himselfD.herself14.Whydidyouleaveyourdaughterathomeallby________.161\nA.yourselfB.himselfC.herselfD.myself15.Iboughtmysonabike,_________helikeitalot.A.andB.butC.orD.at16._______,LiLeiwasfarbehindtheothersatfirst.A.Atthe800-metreraceB.Inthe800-metresraceC.Inthe800-metrereceD.Atthe800-metresrace17.Myparentsareteachers.They_________teachEnglish.A.BothB.allC.bothD.are18.Kateisan__________girl.A.eight-year-oldB.eight-years-oldC.six-year-oldD.six-years-old19.Whojumped_________ofallinthelongjump?A.longestB.longerC.fartherD.farthest20.Therunnerfell,buthequicklygotupand_______.A.wentonrunningB.wentontorunC.wentonrunD.wentonran二.完型填空MrSmithlefthiscar1hishouseonenight,butwhenhecamedownthenest_2togotohisoffice,hefoundthecar3there.Hecalledthepoliceandtoldthemthe4.Andtheysaidtheymust5himtofindthecar.6MrSmithcamehomefromhisofficethatevening,thecarwasbackagaininitsusual(通常的)place7hishouse,Heexamined(检察)itcarefullytoseeif(是否)itwasdamaged(损坏),andfound8theatre(剧院)ticketsononeoftheseats(座位)andaletter,Itsaid,“Wefeelvery9.Wetookyourcarbecausewehadanmergency(急诊).”MrandMrsSmithwenttothetheatrewiththetwoticketsthenextnightand10themselvesverymuch.Whentheygothome,theyfoundthieves(贼)tookawayeverythingintheirhouse.1.AinsideB.outsideC.fromD.under2.A.eveningB.morningC.afternoonD.night3.A.wasn'tB.wasC.leftD.went4.A.wrongB.matterC.thingD.idea5.A.madeB.letC.helpD.ask6.A.IfB.BecauseC.WhenD.Before7.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofC.onthefrontofD.onfrontof8.A.manyB.noC.twoD.one9.A.sorryB.afraidC.happyD.sad10.A.helpedB.taughtC.hurtD.enjoyed三.阅读理解(A)Doyouliveinacity?Doyouknowhowcitiesbegin?Longago,theworldhadonlyafewthousandpeople.Thesepeoplemovedfromplacetoplace.Theymovedovertheland,hunting(打猎)animalsforfood.Nooneknowshoworwherethesepeoplelearnedaboutgrowingfood.Butwhentheydid,theirlives(生活)changed.Theydidn'thavetolookforfoodanymore.Theycouldstayinoneplaceandgrowit.Peoplebegantolivenearoneanother.Andsothefirstvillagesgrew.Manypeoplecametoworkinthevillage.Thesevillagesgrewverybig.Whenmachinescamealong(出现),lifeinthevillageschangedagain.Factorieswerebuilt(建立).Moreandmorepeoplelivednearthefactories.Thecitiesgrewverybig.Today,somepeoplearemovingbacktosmalltowns.Canyoutellwhy?根据短文内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1.Longago,afewpeoplecouldstayinoneplace,huntinganimalsfor161\nfood.2.Whenthesepeoplelearnedtogrowfood,theirliveschanged.3.Factorieswerebuiltafterthecitiesgrewbig.4.Today,somepeopledon'tlivetoliveinbigcities.5.Everyoneknowshowandwherecitiesbegan.(B)Almosteveryonelikesdogs,andalmosteveryonelikestoreadstoriesaboutdogs.Ihaveafriend.HehasalargepolicedognamedJack.Policedogsareveryclever.EverySundayafternoonmyfriendtakesJackforalongwalkinthepark.Jackliketheselongwalksverymuch.OneSundayafternoonayoungmancametovisitmyfriend.Hestayedalongtime.Hetalkedandtalked.SoonitwastimeformyfriendtotakeJackforhiswalk.Butthevisitorstillstayed.Jackbecameveryworried.Hewalkedaroundtheroomseveraltimesandthensatdowninfrontofthevisitorandlookedathim.Butthevisitorpaidnotattention.Hewentontalking.FinallyJackgotangry.Hewentoutoftheroomandcamebackafewminuteslater.Hesatdownagaininfrontofthevisitor,butthistimehetookthevisitor'scapinhismouth.1.Theyoungvisitorstayedalongtime,didn'the?__________.A.Yes,hedidB.Yes,hedidn'tC.No,Hedidn'tD.No,hedid.2.Jackbecameveryworriedbecause____________.A.hewantedtohavesomethingtoeatB.hewantedtoplaywithhimC.hewantedtogooutD.hedidn'tknowtheyoungman3.Jacksatdowninfrontofthevisitorbecause_____________.A.hewantedtojointhetalkB.hewantedthevisitortoleaveC.hewantedthevisitortotalkwithhimD.hewantedtoshowthevisitorhowcleverhewas4.Thevisitorwentontalkingand________________.A.hedidn'tlikeJackB.hepaidnoattentiontoJackC.hepaidnoattentiontohiscapD.hedidn'tcarethathiscapwashiscapwastakenawaybyJack5.Jackwentoutoftheroomwithnothing,butcamebackwith________inhismouth.A.somethingB.nothingC.thevisitor'scapD.thevisitor'sshoe(C)MrWhiteandhiswifewantedtopaint(油漆)theoutsideoftheirhouse.Tosave(节省)moneytheywantedtodoitthemselves.OnSaturdaymorningtheyboughtsomepaintandtwobrushes(刷子).Theybeganthatafternoonwiththebackolthehouse.ThenextSaturdayMrWhitewenttoafootballmatch(比赛)buthiswifepaintedthefrontofthehouse.OnSundaytheyfoundtheycouldn'topenanyofthefrontwindows.Theygotthemallopenintheend.Buttheybrokethreeoftheseven.Theywereverydeartomend.Nexttimewhentheywanttosavemoneythey’llcertainlyasksomebodytodothework.l.MrWhitewantedtopaint___________________.A.thefrontofthehouseB.thebackofthehouseC.thefrontwindowsD.theoutsideofthehouse2.Theywantedtodotheworkthemselvesbecause_________________.A.thewindowswereveryeasytobreak161\nB.thewindowswereveryhardtoopenC.nobodycoulddothisworkwellD.theydidn'twanttogivemoremoney3.Theworklastedforabout___________________.A.twodaysB.lessthanaweekC.threedaysD.morethanaweek4.Theyhavetoasksomebodytomendthe________________windows.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven5.NexttimetheywillasksomebodytoworkforthembecauseA.theywanttogotofootballmatchesB.itisnolongeraninterestingthingforthemC.theyhavenomorepaintandbrushesD.theyreallywanttosavesomemoney四.据句意，用方框中所给词或短语填空A.catchupwithF.amomentlaterB.fellbehindG.passing…ontoC.gettingreadytoH.AtthesametimeD.droppedI.neckandneckE.OnthefirstlapJ.won1._________________theboysandthegirlspassedtheballtoeachother.2.Theteachershoutedtotherunners_______________,“Comeon!Comeon!”3.TheClass4runnerfelland___________________theothers.4.Themonkeyis___________thehat_____________theothersmallmonkeys.5.Whataretheydoing?They’re_______________dosomecleaning.6.TherunnerfromClass2_____________hisslick.Badluck.7.LingFengandJimwere__________________atfirst.8.____________________thestudentsranveryfast,butonthesecondlaptheyweretootiredtoranfarther.9.Look!TheshortgirlfromClass3isbeginningto______________thegirlsinfront.10.AtlastClassOne____________________theboys’relayrace.五.完成句子1.英语是我班最受欢迎的科目之一。Englishis_____________inourclass.2．请把这只盒子带到办公室去。Please__________totheoffice.3．我们应该向雷锋同志学习。Weshould_____________comradeLeiFeng.4．她正打算去看电影。She_________seeafilm.5．莉莉于1987年6月29日出生在上海。Lily_______________.6．见到你我很高兴。I_________toseeyou.7．看上去她不舒服。Sheseems__________sell.8．他也喜欢开妹妹的玩笑。Healsolikesto__________hisyoungersister.9．我很难算出这道题。Itishardformeto_________theproblem.10．你能确定他拿了第一名吗？_______________hegotthefirstprize?161\n【练习答案】一.1.C2B3B4D5B6.B7A8.C9.B10.D11.C12B13.C14.C15.A16.C17.C18.B19.D20.A二.1.B2.B3.A4.B5.C6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D三.(A)1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B(B).1.A2.C3.B4.B5.C(C)1.D2.D3.D4.A5.D四.1.H2.F3.B4.G5.C6.D7.I8.E9.A10.J五.1.oneofthemostpopularsubjects2.takethebox3.learnfrom4.isplanningto5.wasborninShanghai,onJune29,1987.6.amhappy/pleased7.nottobe8.playjokeson9.workout10.Areyousure初三系列复习资料（26）Book3(Unit1-Unit6)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十六、Book3(Unit1-Unit6)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.atthemoment2.usedto3.forawhile4.walkawaywithsth.5.leaveforsomeplace6.soonerorlater7.payfor8.comeupwithanidea9.thinkof10.haveatry11.allovertheworld12.befamousfor13.largenumbersof14.alltheyearround15.nomatterwhat16.giveup17.forexample18.bytheway19.onbusiness20.sofar21.cometrue22.setoff23.slowdown24.goondoing25.waitfor26.beproudof27.beafraidof28.speakhighlyof29.ayearandahalf30.halfayear161\n31.pickup32.assoonas33.keep…clean34.takecareof35.cutdown36.makeacontributionto37.baseon38.makesure39.takeaway40.beginwith41.rightnow42.assoonaspossible43.leaveamessage44.allkindsofthings45.walkaround46.fallasleep47.wakeup48.goonatrip49.haveagoodtime50.takephotos51.comeout52.comeon53.haveafamilymeeting54.talkabout55.goforaholiday56goscubadiving57.writedown58.byoneself59.walkalong60.getachancetodosth61.haveawonderfultime62.bookaroom63.haveanaccident64.beinterestedin65.usesth.todosth.66.makeaTVshow67.beamazedat68.takepartin69.feedon70.getoutofII.重要句型1.Whydon’tyoudosth.?2.makesb.Happy3.borrowsth.fromsb.4.forgettodosth.5.payfrosth.6.returnsth.Tosb.7.learnsth.fromsb.8.befamousforsth.9.Nomatterwhat…10.bewithsb.11.goondoingsth.12.speakhighlyofsb.161\n13.keepdoingsth.14.allowsb.Todosth.15.encouragesb.todosth.16.Itissaidthat…III.交际用语1.---Excuseme,haveyougot…?---Yes,Ihave.(Sorry,Ihaven’t.)2.---Whydon’tyou…?---Thanks,Iwill.3.---Thanksalot.(Thankyouverymuch.)---Youarewelcome.4.---Haveyoueverdone…?---Yes,Ihave,once.(No,never.)5.---I’vejustdone…---Really?6.---What’s…like?7.---Howlonghaveyoubeen…?---Since…8.---Haveyoueverbeento…?---I’veneverbeenthere.(Noneofushas./Only…has.) 9.---Wouldyouliketohaveatry?---Idon’tthinkIcan…10.---Whathaveyoudonesince…?11.---Howlonghaveyoubeenatthis…?---For…12.---Howlonghasshe/heworkedthere…?---She’s/He’sworkedtherefor…/allher/hislife.13.---I’msorryheisn’thererightnow.14.---MayIhelpyou?15.---That’sverykindofyou.16.---Couldwegoscubadiving?17.---Couldyoutellushowlongwe’regoingtobeaway?18.---Let’strytofindsomeinformationaboutit,OK?19.---CouldyoupleasetellmehowtosearchtheInternet?20.---Gostraightalonghere.21.---PleasegotoGate12.22.---Pleasecomethisway.23.---CouldyoutellmewhatyouthinkaboutHainanIsland?24.---Thatsoundsreallycool!IV.重要语法1.宾语从句2.现在完成时3.一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：【名师讲解】1.Maybe/maybe(1)maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。Maybeyouputitinyourbag.也许你把它放在包里了。“Willhecometomorrow?”“Maybenot.”  “他明天来吗？”“也许不”。(2)maybe相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能是…”。Itmaybe9:00whentheyarrive.他们可能于九点到达。Themanmaybealawyer.那人也许是律师。2.borrow/lend/keep/use(1)borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。Weoftenborrowbooksfromourschool161\nlibrary.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。Iborrowedthisdictionaryfrommyteacher.我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。Youcanborrowmyrecorderforthreedays.(错误)Ihaveborrowedthisbookforonlyoneweek.(错误)(2)lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。Thankyouforlendingmeyourbike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。Heoftenlendsmoneytohisbrother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的动作，不能与一段时间连用。(3)keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。Youcankeepmyrecorderforthreedays.我的录音机你可以借用三天。Ihavekeptthisbookforonlyoneweek.这本书我才刚借了一星期。(4)use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。MayIuseyourruler?我能借你的尺子用一下吗？Hehadtousethispublictelephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。3.leave/leavefor(1)leave意思是“离开，留下”。WeleftShanghaitwoyearsago.我们两年前离开了上海。Helefthiscellphoneinthetaxilastweek.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。(2)leavefor意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。WewillleaveforTibetnextmonth.我们将于下月去西藏。ThetrainisleavingforMoscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。4.since/for(1)since用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。Hehasbeenaworkersincehecameintothiscity.自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。IhaveneverseenhimsincewelastmetinShanghai.自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见过他。since作连词，还有“既然”的意思。Sinceyouareinterestedinit,justdoit.  既然你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。Youcanhavefunnowsinceyou’vefinishedyourwork.既然你已经做完了功课，就开心玩会儿吧。(2)for用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时间，意思是“经过…”。IhavelearnedEnglishforfiveyears.我已经学了五年英语了。Theyhavewaitedforyoufor30minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。for也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。Theymissedtheflightfortheywerelate.他们由于完到了而误了航班。Hefellillformanyreasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。5.neither/either/both(1)neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数.NeitheroftheboysisfromEngland.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。Iknowneitherofthem.他们两个我都不认识。neither用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor搭配，表示“既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵循就近原则。Sheneitheratenordrankyesterday.她昨天既不吃也不喝。NeitherhenorweplayfootballonSundays.  他和我们星期天都不踢球。(2)either作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数.Eitherofthebooksisnew.这两本书任何一本都是新的.Shedoesn’tlikeeitherofthefilms.这两部电影她都不喜欢.either作形容词,用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.  Eitherschoolisnearmyhome.   (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.Eitherquestionisdifficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.161\neither作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。EitherheorIamright.不是他就是我是对的。Eithermysisterormyparentsarecomingtoseeme.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。(3)both作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”,故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Ilikebothofthestories.这两个故事我都喜欢。Bothofmyparentsareteachers.我父母两人都是老师。both作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.Bothhisarmsarehurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。BoththesestudentsaregoodatEnglish.这两个学生都擅长英语。both用作连词时，多与and搭配，表示“既…又,不仅…而且”,作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。Bothpianoandviolinaremybobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。Theystudybothhistoryandphysics.他们既学历史，又学物理。6.find/lookfor/findout(1)find强调找的结果，意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。Jimcouldn’tfindhishat.吉姆找不着帽子了。Haveyoufoundyourlostkeys?你找到丢失的钥匙了吗？Hefoundthelightswereonalongthestreet.他发现沿街的灯都亮了(2)lookfor的意思为“寻找”，指的是找的动作而非结果。另外，还有“盼望，期待”的意思。Sheislookingforherson.她正在找她的儿子。We’vebeenlookingforthecarsinceearlythismorning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了。Ilookforthecomingholiday.我期待着即将来临的假期。(3)findout含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接较抽象的事物，意思是“找出，发现，查明（真相）”等。Icanfindoutwhotookmymoneyaway.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。Couldyoufindoutwhentheplanearrives?你能设法知道飞机何时到吗？7.forgettodo/forgetdoing(1)forgettodo是指忘记去做某件事了，即该事还没有做。Pleasedon’tforgettocallthisafternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。Iforgottotakesomesmallchangewithme.我身上忘了带零钱了。(2)forgetdoing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情，即该事已经做了，但被忘记了。Heforgottellingmehisaddress.他忘了告诉过我地址了。Theyforgothavingbeenherebefore.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。8.stopdoing/stoptodo(1)stopdoing是指停止做某事，即doing这个动作不再继续。Theystoppeddebating.他们停止了辩论。（不辩论了）Hehadtostopdrivingasthetrafficlightschangedintored.由于交通灯变成了红色，他不得不停车。(2)stoptodo是指停下来开始做另一件事，即停止原先的事，开始做do这个动作。Shestoppedtohavearest.她停下来休息会儿。（开始休息）Theystoppedtotalk.他们停下来开始交谈。9.except/besides(1)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）AllthevisitorsareJapaneseexcepthim.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分的相似性。161\nTwenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)WelikebiologybesidesEnglish.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）besides还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而且”，常用于句首或句尾。Heisagreatthinker,andbesides,heisapolitician.他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以外，他还是一位政治家。Theyencouragedme,andtheysupportedmewithmoney,besides.他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱上的支持。10.keepdoing/keepondoing(1)keepdoing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事，中间不间断。Itkeptblowingforawholeday.刮了一整天风了。Thetemperaturekeepsdropping.温度持续下降。(2)keepondoing是指反复坚持做某事，但动作之间略有间隔。Theyhavekeptonwritingtoeachotherformanyyears.他们已经互相通信多年了。Afterdrinkingsomewater,hekeptontalking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。11.seem/look　(1)seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。Thebabyseemstobehappy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。Heseemedtobesorryforthat.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。seem能与todo结构连用，而look不能。Itseemstorain.似乎要下雨了。Theyseemedtohavefinishedtheirwork.他们似乎已经完成了工作。在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。Itseemsthatheisquitebusynow.他现在看起来很忙。Itseemstousthatthereisnothingserious.在我看来没什么大不了的。(2)look用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。Theroomlooksclean.这间房看起来很干净。Thegirllookslikehermother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。12.such/so(1)such常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。Don’tbesuchafool.别这么傻。Heissuchacleverboy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。(2)so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。Heissokind!他真好心！Whydidyoucomesolate?你为何回来得如此晚？当名词前有many,much,few,little等表示多、少时，应该用so。Hehassomanyfriends.他有如此多的朋友。Onlysolittletimeisleft!才剩这么一点儿时间！13.either/too/also(1)either用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句尾。SheisnotaJapanese,I’mnot,either.她不是日本人，我也不是。Mysisterdoesn’tlikethissong,either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。HelikesChina,too.他也喜欢中国。AreyouinGrade3,too?你也在三年级吗？(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于句中。Wearealsostudents.我们也是学生。Healsowentthereonfoot.他也是走着去的。Didyoualsowanttohavealook?你也想看看吗？14.if/whether在下列情况下只能用whether而非if：161\n(1)与ornot连用时，只能用whether.Wewanttoknowwhetheryouareillornot.我们想知道你是否生病了。Pleasetellmewhetherornotyouhavefinishedyourwork.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether.Adamdidn’tknowwhethertogoorstay.亚当不知道是走还是留。Hehasn’tdecidedwhethertohavedinnerwithme.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用whether.Whetheritwillrainorsnow,wedon’tmind.我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。WhetherIwonorlost,shedidn’twanttoknow.我是赢是输她不想知道。(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用whether.Themostimportantwaswhethertheyhadgone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。Whetherhewillgowithmeisasecret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。if能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假如”，而whether没有此用法。We’llhaveafootballmatchifitdoesn’traintomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们要进行足球赛。I’lltellhimifIseeshim.我看见他就告诉他。Ifyou’reindanger,pleasecall110.如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。15.cost/spend/pay/take(1)cost一般用某物来做主语，表示“（某物）值…、花费…”，既能指花费时间也能指金钱。Thenewbikecostsme300yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。Itwillcostyouawholetoreadthroughthisbook.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。cost还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。What’sthecostofthisTVset?这台电视机的成本是多少钱？Theysucceededatthecostofhardwork.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。(2)spend一般用某人来作主语，表示“（某人）花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常与　in搭配，指金钱时常与on或for搭配。Wespenttwodaysinrepairingthismachine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。Mr.Leespends$20onbookseverymonth.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。(3)pay用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。Theypaid70yuanforthetickets.他们花了七十元买票。Hewastoopoortopayforhisschooling.他穷得交不起学费。pay还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”等。It’shardformetolivewithsuchlowpay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it.Howlongwillthemeetingtake?会议要开多久？Ittookmeseveralhourstogetthere.我花了几个小时才到那儿。16.bad/badly这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思，且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst。(1)bad是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕的，差的，严重的”。Idon’tthinkheisabadperson.我并不认为他是一个坏人。Ihadabadheadache.我的头疼得很厉害。(2)badly是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极度”。Weneedhelpbadly.我们急需帮助。Hisarmwasbadlyhurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。17.interested/interesting161\n(1)interested是指“对…产生兴趣的，对…感兴趣的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in.Hewasinterestedinbiologybefore.他以前对生物感兴趣。I’mnotinterestedinart.我对艺术不感兴趣。(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。Heisaninterestingoldman.他是个有趣的老头。Theinterestingstoryattractedme.  这个有趣的故事吸引了我。18.dead/die/death/dying(1)dead是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。Thetreehasbeendeadfortenyears.这棵树死了有十年了。Therabbitsarealldead.这些兔子都是死的。(2)die是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用。Mygrandpadiedtwoyearsago.我爷爷两年前去世了。Theoldmandiedofcancer.老人死于癌症。(3)death是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等。Thememorialhallwasbuiltoneyearafterhisdeath.他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。Hisdeathisagreatlosstous.他的死是我们的巨大损失。(4)dying是die的现在分词，用作形容词，意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。Thedoctorshavesavedthedyingman.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。Thepoordoghadnofood,itwasdying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.宾语从句的时态和语序；2.一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别；3.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；4.本单元学习的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.（2004年北京市海淀区中考试题）---Doyouknow________________?---Onlytenmonthsold.A.whendoesTigerWoodsstartgolfingB.whendidTigerWoodsstartgolfingC.whenTigerWoodsstartsgolfingD.whenTigerWoodsstartedgolfing【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应用一般过去时，应为这里说的是过去的事情。语序应用陈述句的语序，所以正确答案是:whenTigerWoodsstartedgolfing。2.（2004年北京市海淀区中考试题）I’minterestedinanimals,soI_____________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是pay,get,take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb.spendstimedoingsth.这个句型里，所以正确答案影视spend。3.（2004年天津市中考试题）CouldI________yourtelephone?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellmyparents.A.keepB.borrowC.useD.lend【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是keep,borrow,use和lend四个动词的用法区别。keep的真正含义是“保留”，borrow的含义是“借入”，lend的含义是“借出”，只有use的含义是“使用”。在这个句子里实际上是“使用”的意思，所以应选use。4.（2004年鄂州市中考试题）---Hi,Ann.Where’syourbrother?Ineedhishelp.161\n---Helefthometwoweeksagoand________awayeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词时态的用法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或现在所处的状态；一般过去时表示过去的动作或过去所处的状态；过去完成时表示过去的动作或过去的时间以前发生的事情；现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。这里只能用现在完成时。【满分演练】一.单项填空1.MrGreenaskedthechildrento_____thewordsinthedictionary.A.lookatB.lookupC.lookforD.lookafter2.MayI_____yourbike?Certainly,butyoucan't_____ittoother.A.lend,lendB.borrow,lendC.borrow,borrowD.lend,borrow3.MrBrown_____inChinasince20yearsago.A.workedB.worksC.isworkingD.hasworked4.There______bemanytreesheretwoyearsago.A.isB.areC.usetoD.usedto5.NeithermybrothernorI____adoctor.　A.isB.amC.areD.be6.____ofmyparents____watchingTY.A.Both,likesB.Either,likeC.Neither,likeD.Neither,likes7.Ireallydon'tknow____next.Canyoutellme?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.howwillIdoitD.whattodoit8.Hehaslivedhere___1965.A.sinceB.forC.inD.from9.Ifyouaretired,pleasestop___arest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.has10.Shehasnevercometothefarmbefore,_____she?A.hasB.hasn'tC.doesD.doesn't11.Itis____bookthatIhave____ittwice.A.suchaninteresting…seenB.soaninteresting…readC.sointeresting…looked   D.suchaninteresting…read12.Thedoctorwasbusy____ontheboyatthattime.A.operateB.tooperateC.operatedD.operating13.Thepolicemantoldthechildren_____playinthestreet.A.didn'tB.tonotC.nottoD.don't14.Motherreturnedhome_____earlierthanFatherthatevening.A.veryB.tooC.moreD.much15.Iwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI______myticket．A.lostB.havelostC.willloseD.didn'tlose二.完形填空Childrenliketocopy(模仿)whattheyhear.Theycopytheirparents，theirfriendsandeventheTV.Thisteachesthemhowtospeakthelanguage.Copyingalsodoesgoodtostudentsofasecond____1______.WhenyoulistentoforeignersspeakEnglish，_____2_____whattheysayasloudlyasyoucan.Childrendon’tpractisegrammar,butusethelanguageto____3_____thatintereststhem.Theydon’t____4_____theirvocabularyorpoorgrammar.Theyfindwaysto____5_____themselves，andtheydoitsuccessfully.StudentsofEnglishshouldalsopaytheirattentionto______6______.LookforchancestotalkwithpeopleinEnglish.Ifyoucan’tfinda____7____totalkto,talkwithotherstudentsofEnglishinstead._____8_____anEnglishdiscussionandtalkaboutmusic,moviesorwhatever_____9_____you.Don’tworryabout_____10___.Theobjective(目标)istoearnhowtocommunicate(交流)easilyandcomfortably.Rememberthatyoucancommunicatesuccessfullyevenwithasmallvocabulary.161\n1.A.yearB.gradeC.languageD.country2.A.repeatB.hearC.believeD.remember3.A.writelettersB.keepdiariesC.talktopeopleD.talkaboutthings4.A.lookforB.complainaboutC.laughatD.goover5.A.enjoyB.helpC.relaxD.express6.A.grammarB.vocabularyC.communicationD.English7.A.foreignerB.topicC.chanceD.visitor8.A.StartB.BuildC.UseD.Make9.A.understandsB.interestsC.improvesD.allows10.A.lessonsB.examsC.wastingtimeD.makingmistakes三.阅读理解(A)Wecanseewallseverywhereintheworld.ButtheGreatWallofChinaisthebiggestofall.TheChinesecallit"TheTen-thousand-LiGreatWall".Itisinfactmorethan6,000kilometreslong.Itis4-5metreswide.Inmostplaces,fivehorsesortenmencanwalksidebyside.WhenyouvisittheGreatWall,youcan'thelpwonderinghowtheChinesepeoplewereabletobuildsuchagreatwallthousandsofyearsago.Withoutanymodernmachine,itwasreallyverydifficulttobuildit.Theyhadtodoalltheworkbyhand.Ittookmillionsofmenhundredsofyearstobuildit.TheGreatWallhasahistoryofovertwothousandyears.Thekingsbegantobuildthefirstpartsofitaroundtwothousandsevenhundredyearsago.ThenQinShihuanghadallthewallsjoinedup.Hethoughtthatcouldkeeptheenemyoutofthecountry.TodaytheGreatWallhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.NotonlyChinesepeoplebutalsopeoplefromallovertheworldcometovisitit.1.TheGreatWallisthebiggestofallwallsin_________.A.ChinaB.EuropeC.theworldD.Asia(亚洲)2.HowlongistheGreatWall?A.It'slessthansixhundredkilometres.B.It'soversixmillionkilometres.C.It'ssixthousandkilometres.D.It'smorethansixthousandkilometres.3.Ittook_____men______yearstobuildtheGreatWall.A.millions;millionsB.hundredsof;hundredsofC.millionsof;hundredsofD.hundredsof;millionsof4.TheGreatWallwasbuilt______________.A.bypeopleallovertheworldB.withoutanymodernmachinesC.withsomeothercountries'helpD.byallChinesekings5.QinShihuangthoughttheGreatWallcould_________.A.keeptheenemyoutofhiscountryB.keephisbodyinitC.bevisitedbyallthepeopleD.makehiscountrybeautiful(B)In776B.C.thefirstOlympicGameswereheldatthefootofMountOlympustohonorGreeks'chiefgod,Zeus(向希腊主要神祗宙斯献礼).TheGreekspraised(注重)physicalfitnessandstrengthintheireducationofyouth.Therefore,running,boxing,horse-racing,discusthrowingandsoonwereheldineachcityandthewinnerscompetedeveryfouryearsatMountOlympus.Winnersweregreatlyhonoredbyhavingolivewreaths(橄榄枝花环)placedontheirheadsandhavingpoemssungabouttheirdeeds.Originally(起初)thesewereheldasgamesoffriendship,andanywarsthatweregoingonwerestoppedtoallowthegames.TheGreeksregardedthesegamesassoimportantthattheycountedtimeinfour-yearcyclescalled"Olympiads"datingfrom776B.C.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ThefirstOlympicGameswereheldtocelebrate.B.Winnersweregreatlyhonoredbyhavingolivewreathsplacedontheir161\nheads.C.Battleswerestoppedtoletthegamestakeplace.D.Poemsweresunginthehonorofwinners.2Nearlyhowmanyyearsagodidthesegamesstart?A.776years.B.1250years.C.2278years.D.2760years.3.Whichofthefollowingmatcheswasnotmentionedinthepassage?A.DiscusthrowingB.BoxingC.SkatingD.Running4.WhatconclusioncanwereachabouttheancientGreeks?A.Theylikedtofight.B.Theywereverygoodatsports.C.Theylikedalotofceremony(仪式).D.Theycouldn'tcount,sothattheyused"Olympiads"fordates.(C)OverthirtythousandyearsagopeoplefromnorthernAsiawenttoAmerica.Today,wecallthesepeopleIndians.TheIndianswenttoAmericabecausetheweatherbegantochange.NorthernAsiabecameverycold.Everythingfroze.Theyhadtomoveordie.HowdidthefirstIndiansgotoAmerica?Theywalked!LaterColumbusfoundtheNewWorldin1492.Atfirst,onlyafewEuropeansfollowed.TheytraveledtoAmericainboats.Forthenextthreehundredyears,about500,000peoplewentthere.Thenthenumbergrewveryquickly.From1815to1915,overthirty-twomillionEuropeanslefttheircountriesandwenttotheUnitedStates.ThebiggestgroupswerefromGermanyandItaly.TheseEuropeansspokemanydifferentlanguages.Mostofthemtookalmostnomoney.TheywenttoAmericasothattheycouldfindabetterlife.1.__________wenttoAmericafirst.A.PeoplefromnorthernAsiaB.PeoplefromEuropeC.PeoplefromGermanyD.Columbus2.WhydidtheIndiansgotoAmerica?Because________.A.northernAsiabecameveryhotB.northernAsiabecameverycoldC.theywereinterestedinAmericaD.theylikedtraveling3.TheNewWorldwas___________.A.ItalyB.northernAsiaC.GermanyD.America4.ThefirstEuropeanswenttoAmerica_______________.A.byshipB.bybikeC.byboatD.bytrain5.TheseEuropeans______________.A.didn'tspeakthesamelanguageB.spokeEnglishonlyC.spokeGermanonlyD.spokebothEnglishandGerman6.TheEuropeanswenttoAmericainorderto_________.A.findtheNewWorldB.findabetterlifeC.buildmoreboatsD.learnEnglish四.补全对话:给下面对话的空白处填上适当的词，使对话通顺，符合逻辑。(JimandHanLiaretalkingaboutthecomingsummerholiday.)Ben:Hello,Hanli,whereareyougoingforyoursummerholiday?HanLi:I'm___1___sure.I'mthinking___2___goingtoGuilin.Whataboutyou?Ben:I'mgoingtoChongqingandWuhan___3___myparents.HanLi:___4___areyougoingthere?Ben:Firstwe'llflytoWuhan,andthengotoChongqing___5___161\nship.HanLi:That'sagoodidea.I'msureyou'llenjoyit.Wishyouapleasantjourney!Ben:Thankyou!五.完成句子:根据汉语句子的意思，完成下列英语句子。1.你为什么把收音机开这么大声？______doyouturnyourradiosoloud_____?2.整个会议将持续3个小时。Thewholemeetingwill____________3hours.3.我们都喜欢跟那只小狗玩。Wealllike____________withthedog.4.很抱歉，我没有带食物。I'msorry,Idon't______anyfood______me.5.你的新录音机是什么样？What______yournewrecorder______?6.谢谢你告诉我这个消息。Thankyou____________methenews.7.昨晚他们直到十一点才停止谈话。They______stoptalking______11o'clocklastnight.8.这是一封露茜写给小帆的信。Thisisaletter______Lucy______Xiaofan.【练习答案】一.1.B2.B3D4.D5.B6.D7.B8.A9.C10.A11.D12.D13.C14.D15.B二.1.C2.A3.D4.B5.D6.C7.A8.A9.B10.D三.(A)1.C2.C3.C4.B5.A(B)1.A2.C3.C4.B(C)1.A2.B3.D4.C5.A6.B四.1.not2.about3.with4.How5.by五.1.What,for2.lastfor3.playingwith4.take,with5.islike6.fortelling7.didn't,until8.from,to初三系列复习资料（27）Book3(Unit7-Unit12)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十七、Book3(Unit7-Unit12)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.giveup2.tryout3.mostof4.not…anymore5.attheageof6.atthattime7.sendmessagebytelegraph8.graduatefrom9.turndown10.putup11.atthetopof12.gettogether13.fromhousetohouse14.attheendof15.ontopof16.aswell17.climbdown18.inasinglenight19.eventhough20.liveon21.onceuponatime22.accordingto161\n23.keepwarm24.ontheotherhand25.onshow26.ondisplay27.inthefuture28.lookup29.TreePlantingDay30.justright31.asoftenaspossible32.washaway33.inthisway34.inafewyears'time35.pointto36.thanksto37.moreorless38.sofar39.shutdown40.sendup41.putoffII.重要句型1.setone'smindtodosth.2.put…together3.stop…from…4.keep…from…5.befilledwithsth.6.givebirthto7.becoveredwith8.bemadeof9.fill…with…10.match…with11.beusedfor12.havenothingtodowith13.comeupwith14.nomatterhow…15.keepsb./sth.warmIII.交际用语1.---I'mtryingto…2.---I'll…3.---Whichofthesewouldyoulikemostto…?4.---Whatdoyouwantto…?5.---Iwantto…6.---Ihopeto…7.---Iplanto…8.---I'mgoingto…9.---I'msohappythat…10.---I'mglad….11.---metoo.12.---What'sthiscalledinEnglish?13.---What'sitmadeof?14.---It'smadeof…15.---What'situsedfor?16.---It'susedfor…17.---Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness/…161\n18.---Itisoneoftheworld'smostimportantlanguagesasitissowidelyused.19.---Whereis/are…grown/produced/made?20.---The(ground)mustbejustright…21.---It'sbestto…22.---Theholeshouldnotbetoodeep.23.---TheGreatGreenWallis7000kilometreslong,andbetween400and1700kilometreswide.24.---Themore,thebetter.25.---Moreorless!26.---The(ground)mustbejustright…27.---Theholeshouldnotbetoodeep.28.掌握以下常见标志：ENTRANCEEXITPUSHPULLNOSMOKINGNOPARKINGFRAGILETHISSIDEUPNOPHOTOSDANGERBUSINESSHOURSPLAYSTOPPAUSEONOFFIV.重要语法1.动词被动语态的结构和用法；2.动词不定式的功能和用法。【名师讲解】1.beableto/can(1)都能表示“能够，具备干某件事的能力”这个含义，此时可以互换。Mr.Greenisabletofinishtheworkontime.=Mr.Greencanfinishtheworkontime.格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。(2)beableto可以用于各种时态，而can为情态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为could。Wearesurehewillbeabletobeanartistwhenhegrowsup.我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。MissLinhasbeenabletopaythecarbyherself.林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。(3)Can除了表示“能够，有能力做某事”以外，还有如下用法，而beableto则没有。表示请求，但语气没有could委婉。CanIhavealookatthispicture?我能看看这张图片吗？Canweleaveschoolafter6:00p.m.?我们可以在下午6点之后再离开学校吗？表示可能性。Thatmancan’tbeournewteacher.那人不可能是我们的新老师。Theexamcan’tbetoodifficult.考试不会太难。2.bring/take/carry/fetch(1)bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这里拿，翻译成“带来”。Hebroughtussomegoodnews.他给我们带来了一些好消息。Pleasedon’tforgettobringyourhomeworktomorrow.明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。(2)take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译成“带走”。Pleasetaketheumbrellawithyou.It’sgoingtorain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。Shetookthedictionaryaway.她把字典拿走了。(3)carry不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。Theycarriedtheboxesintothefactory.他们把箱子搬进了工厂。Ataxicarriedthemtothestation.出租车送他们到了车站(4)fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思，包含去和来两趟。Thewaiterfetchedthemsomeapples.侍者为他们取来了一些苹果。Motherfetchedthedoctorforherillson.妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。3.whole/all(1)whole强调一个完整如一，互不分割的整体。Thewholecountryissufferingthewar.整个国家正遭遇战争。Ijustwanttoknowthewholestory.我仅仅只想知道完整的故事。161\nwhole在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠词和指示代词的之后。TheywillspendtheirwholeholidayinCanada.他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。（所有格后）Shehasfinishedwritingthewholebook.  她已经写完了整本书。（冠词后whole用来修饰可数名词（名词用单数）。Heatethewholecake.他把整个蛋糕都吃了。（强调整整一个蛋糕）(2)all强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。MissGreenknewallthestudentsintheclass.格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。（一个一个全认识）all在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠词和指示代词的之前。Jimfinishedallhishomeworkintwentyminutes.吉姆在20分钟之内完成了所有的作业。（所有格前）Ofalltheboyshere,hesingsbest.在这里所有的男孩之中，他唱的最好。（定冠词前）Theboycananswerallthesequestions.那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题。（指示代词前）all既能修饰可数名词（名词须用复数），又能修饰不可数名词。Allthesefivebooksaremine.这五本书都是我的。（修饰可数名词）Shewasworriedabouthersonallthetime.她总在为她的儿子担心。（修饰不可数名词）4.fill/full(1)fill常作动词，与with连用，意思是“注满、装满”，也能表示“填空；补缺”的意思。Hefilledtheboxwithchalk.他把粉笔装满了盒子。Thebucketisfilledwithwater.水桶里装满了水。(2)full是形容词，翻译成“满的，装满的”，常与of连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱的，过饱的”。Alltheroomsarefullofpeople.所有的房间都满人了。Thebuswasfull.Hehadtowaitforthenextone.这辆车人满了，他只有等下一辆。5.bemadeof/bemadefrom/bemadein/bemadeinto(1)bemadeof表示"由…制成",一般指能够看出原材料，或发生的是物理变化。Thistableclothismadeofpaper.这张桌布是由纸做的。Thissaladismadeofapplesandstrawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。(2)bemadefrom也表示"由…制成"，但一般指看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。Breadismadefromcorn.面包是小麦做的。Thelifeboatismadefromsomespecialmaterial.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。(3)bemadein指的是产地，意思为"于…制造"。ThecapsaremadeinRussia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。MymotherlikestobuythingswhicharemadeinChina.我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。(4)bemadeinto的意思为"被制成为…"。Thispieceofwoodwillbemadeintoasmallbench.这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。Thepaperhasbeenmadeintoclothesforthedoll.纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。6.none/noone/neither(1)none既能指人，又能指物，意思是"没有一个，无一"，常用作代词，与of连用。Noneofushasheardofhimbefore.我们没有一个人以前听说过他。Ilikenoneofthecoats.那些外套我一件都不喜欢。none用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。Noneoftheanswersistrue.没有一个答案是正确的。Noneoftheroomsaremine.没有一间房子是我的。(2)noone只能用来指人，且不能与of连用。Nooneisabsent.没有人缺席。Iknewnoonethere.那里我一个人也不认识。noone用作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。Nooneagreeswithyou.没有人同意你的说法。161\n(3)neither作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。NeitheroftheboysisfromEngland.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。Iknowneitherofthem.他们两个我都不认识。7.found/find(1)find的意思是"找到、发现"，其过去式和过去分词都是found.Ican'tfindmyglasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。Hefounditboringtositherealone.他发现独自坐在这里很没劲。(2)found是另外一个词，与find并没有关系，意思是"成立、建设"，常用作及物动词。ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。Theschoolwasfoundedbythelocalresidents.这所学校是由当地居民修建的。8.hear/hearof/hearfrom(1)hear的意思是"听见；听说，得知"，后面能接名词、代词或宾语从句。Weheardthenewsjustamomentago.我刚听说这个消息。Canyouhearme?能听见我说话吗？(2)hearof的意思是"听说"，一般指非直接的听见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。Ihaveneverheardofher.我从未听说过她。Theyheardofthefilmlongtimeago.他们很久以前就听说过这部电影。(3)hearfrom的意思是"收到来信"，与"听"无关。Ioftenhearfromhim.我经常收到他的来信。Hehasn'theardfromhismotherforalongtime.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了9.send/sendfor(1)send意思是"送往，派遣"，还有"发信，寄信"的意思。Thecompanysenthimtostudyabroad.公司派他到国外学习去了。Mr.Brownsentherchildrenaway.布郎夫人送走了孩子们。(2)sendfor意思是"召唤；派人去取；派人去拿"，而非本人亲自去。Theyhavesentforarepairman.他们已经派人去请了一名修理工。Shesentforsomeflowers.她派了人去买花。10.getto/arrive/reach(1)arrive后不能直接接地点，是一个不及物动词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点，用arrivein;若表示相对小的地点，用arriveat.ThedelegationwillarriveinChinaat5:00p.m.代表团将于下午5:00到达北京。Itwasdarkwhentheyarrivedattherailwaystation.当他们到达火车站的时候，天已经黑了。Whendidshearriveherelasttime?她上次是什么时候到这儿的？（副词前省略介词）(2)reach能直接接所到达的地点，是一个及物动词。TheyreachedLondononFriday.他们星期五到达了伦敦。Thenewsonlyreachedmeyesterday.我于昨天才接到这个消息。reach还有"伸手去取，伸手触及，联络"等意思。Canyoureachthatappleonthetree?你能够到树上的哪个苹果吗？Hecanalwaysbereachedonthephone.可随时打电话跟他联系。(3)get在表示"到达"时是不及物动词，应与to搭配使用。Weoftengettoschoolonfoot.我们经常步行到学校。Theygottothetopofthehillatnoon.他们于中午到达了山顶。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.动词被动语态的结构和用法；2.动词不定式的功能和用法；3.本单元的词汇、短语和句型；4.本单元学过的交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2004年北京市中考试题)161\nAuntLioftenasksherson________toomuchmeat.It’sbadforhishealth.A.don’teatB.nottoeatC.noteatD.tonoteat【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词不定式的构成和用法。这个句子的基本句型是asksb.nottodosth.这里，nottoeat是不定式的否定式做宾语补足语。2.(2004年嘉兴市中考试题)Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger,soChinese________inmoreAmericanschoolsnow.A.wastaughtB.istaughtC.teachesD.taught【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。Chinese是一种语言，只能被人教，因此要用被动语态。又因为说的现在的情况，动词要用一般现在时。所以选B。3.(2004年河北省中考试题)Thispainting________toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.A.sellsB.soldC.wassoldD.issold【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词的语态和时态。Thispainting只能被卖，所以用被动语态，又因为是1977年卖的，所以用一般过去时。4.(2004年扬州市中考试题)---Ifyou________anewidea,pleasecallmeassoonaspossible.---Sure,Iwill.A.keepupwithB.catchupwithC.feedupwithD.comeupwith【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是短语动词用法。本单元学习的短语动词comeupwithanewidea意思是想出新主意，正符合题意。【满分演练】一.选择填空。1.Theboyistoohungry,hehasalreadyeatenanapple,butheasksfor_______one. A.theotherB.otherC.anotherD.others2.It’sgoingtorain.You’dbetter__________there.A.don’tgoB.tonotgoC.nottogoD.notgo3.Hespentmuchtime__________thework.A.atB.inC.onD.for4.MrGreenwouldliketomeettheheadmaster_______8:00______9:00tomorrowmorning.A.from;toB.at;atC.between;andD.from;and5.When_______hisuncle_________?A.did;deadB.has;diedC.did;dieD.has;beendead6.They________thiscitylastweek.A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedDarrivedin7.TheTVsetdoesn't______toomuch.Icanaffordit.A.takeB.spendC.costD.pay8.HisfatherwillbebackfromBeijing________amonth.A.betweenB.afterC.inD.for9.Hereadnothing,_________he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.didD.didn’t 10.There’s_____milkinthebottle,isthere?A.littleB.fewC.alittleD.afew11.Look,thereisamapofChina______thetwowindows.A.betweenB.amongC.aboutD.in12.Twolanguagesarevery_____used.OneisEnglish,Chineseis______one.A.wide,anotherB.widely,theothersC.wide,theotherD.widely,theother13.Iwasbadlyillyesterday.That's______Ididn'tgotoschool.A.whyB.becauseC.asD.since14."Haveagoodtimethisweekend!""________."A.That'sOK        B.Thanks.Thesametoyou.C.That'sallright.D.Haveabettertimethan161\nme.15.______ofthemoneyisyours.A.NoneB.NooneC.NeitherD.Nothing16.______oftheapplesarered.A.OnethirdsB.FirstthirdC.TwothirdD.Twothirds17.It'sgettingdark.You'dbetter______outalone.A.don'tgoB.nottogoC.notgoingD.notgo18.Hishomeis______thenortheastofChina.A.amongB.inC.atD.to19.Alltheoldthingswereinvented______ago.A.hundredsofyear    B.hundredsofyearsC.ahundredsofyears D.ahundredofyears20.Jacklikesto______others,butneverwritestothem.A.hearofB.hearaboutC.hearfromD.hear二.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空.1.Thisjobcan_________quitequickly.(do)2.________you________yourhomeworkyet?(finish)3.Thatpenisn'tyours.It's_________.(her)4.Canyouhelp__________withmyEnglish?(I)5.LinLinisthe__________inourclass.(young)6.Whois_____________,MikeorJack?(tall)7.Weliveonthe___________floor.(twenty)8.English_________inmanycountriestoday.(speak)9.I__________bornonJuly2nd,1989.(be)10.You’dbetter__________hereassoonaspossible.(leave)三.完型填空Onedayapoorfarmerwastakingabagofwheattotown.Suddenlythebag1__fromhishorseontotheroad.Hedidnotknow2_todoaboutitbecauseitwas3__heavyforhimtoliftbyhimself.Heonlyhopedthatsomeonewouldsoonpassbyand4__himahand.Justatthismomentaman5__ahorsecameuptohim.Butthefarmer’sheart6__whenhesawwhohewas.Itwasthe__7___manlivingnearby.Thefarmerhadhopedtoaskanotherfarmerorapoormanlikehimtocomealongandhelphim.Hecouldn’tasksuchagreatmantohelphim.Buttohis8__,thegreatmangotoffhishorseassoonashecamenearer.Hesaidtothefarmer,“Iseeyou9_help,friend.HowgooditisthatI’mherejustattherighttime.”Thenhetookoneendofthebag,thefarmertooktheother,theytogetherraiseditandputitonthehorse.“Sir,”askedthefarmer,“howcanIpayyou?”“It’squiteeasy.”Thegreatmanrepliedwith10_.“Whereveryouseeanyoneelseintrouble,dothesameforhim.”1.A.fallB.fellC.fallingD.fallen2.A.whatB.howC.thatD.it3.A.veryB.soC.quiteD.too4.A.lendB.askC.borrowD.gave5.A.ridingB.rideC.rodeD.rides6.A.fallsB.sinksC.sankD.rose7.A.poorB.greatC.goodD.bad8.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.surpriseD.surprises9.A.needsB.needC.toneedD.needed10.A.smilesB.smileC.asmileD.ansmile四.阅读理解(A)Thewarfinallyendedin1945.Duringthenextyears,twogreatthingshappened-mydadcamehomefromthearmy,andIwasborn!Iwasthefirstchild,butIwasn'taloneforlong.Inthenextfouryears,mymotherhadthreemoreboys.Itwasgreathavingabigfamily!Thefourofuswereverycloseinage,soweplayed161\ntogetherallthetime.Welikedthegame“policemenandthieves”best.Itwasexciting.Everybodyalwayswantedtobeathief.Ofcourse,someonehadtobethepoliceman,anditwasusuallyme.Well,Ihavegrownupnow,butIstilllovethegame.Thereisonlyonethingdifferent.I'marealpoliceman,PolicemanJoe,soit'snotagameanymore.判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“A”表示；不符合的用“B”表示.1.Joe'sfatherwasonceasoldier.2.Duringthewarhisfathercamebackhome.3.Joewastheyoungestchildinthefamily.4.Hegotonwellwithhisbrothers.5.Healwayshadtobethethiefinthegame.(B)MichaelJordanisthemostfamousbasketballplayerintheworld.HewasborninBrooklyn,NewYork.Hedidn’tliketotalktootherpeopleabouthimself.Hewasveryshort.Hedidn’tplayverywellwhenhejoinedthebasketballteaminhishighschoolatfirst.Butthenextyearthingschangedgreatlyforhimashegrewmuchtaller.MichaelJordanbecamefamouswhenhejoinedtheuniversitybasketballteaminNorthCarolina.Michaelusedhisspeedandstrength(力量)toreachthebasketagain.Heplayedsowellthatpeoplecalledhim“AirJordan”.Aftercollege,MichaelbecameabasketballteammemberintheChicagoBulls.TheNBAwasverysurprisedatthishigh-flyingplayer.Hewasnamed“Rookie”(新秀)oftheyearin1985and“MostValuable(价值的)Player”in1987.Heoncesetarecord(创纪录)bygetting63pointsinonegame.1.Jordanisabasketballsuperstarin____________________.A.EnglandB.AmericaC.CanadaD.Japan2.Whenhejoinedthebasketballteaminhishighschool,he___________atfirst.A.didn’tplayverywellB.playedverywellC.grewmuchtallerD.setarecord3.Hebegantobecomefamousin__________________________.A.theuniversitybasketballteamB.theNBAC.hishighschoolatfirstD.theChicagoBulls4.Heisoftencalled“_________________”.A.RookieB.theNBAC.AirJordanD.MostValuablePlayer5.TheNBAwasverysurprisedatthesuperstarwhen__________________.A.hewasyoungB.hejoinedthebasketballinhishighschoolC.hejoinedtheuniversitybasketballteamD.hejoinedtheChicagoBulls(C)The29thOlympicGameswillbeheldinourcountryin2008.Asagreatmanypeoplewillvisitourcountry,thegovernment(政府)willbuildnewhotels,alargestadium(体育馆),andafinenewswimmingpool.Theywillalsobuildnewroads.Thegameswillbeheldjustoutsidethecapitalandthewholearea(地区)willbecalled“OlympicCity”.Workerswillbuildarailwayandsomenewroadsby161\ntheendof2005.Thefinemodernbuildingshavebeendesigned(设计)bythebestdesigners.Thepeople,oldandyoung,inthecapitalaregettingreadyfortheOlympicGamesbylearningEnglish.Wewillbeverygladtoseethenewbuildingsgoup.WeareveryexcitedandlookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldinourcountrybefore.1.Becauseofthe29thOlympicGames,_________________________.A.alotofnewbuildingshavebeenfinishedB.alargenumberofpeoplevisitedourcountryC.manynewroadsandarailwaylinehavebeenbuiltD.alotofnewbuildingshavebeenplanned2.FromthepassageweknowthattheOlympicGames_______________.A.havejustbeenheldinourcountryB.willbeheldinourcountryforthefirsttimeC.areheldinourcountryeveryfouryearsD.wereheldinourcountryfouryearsago3.Thepassagetellsusthateveryoneinthecapital____________fortheOlympicGames.A.isbusybuildingroadsB.isstudyingEnglishC.isdesigningbuildingsD.ishavingsportsandgames4.Thewholeareawithhotels,stadiums,swimmingpoolsiscalled___________.A.buildingsB.stadiumC.OlympicCityD.OlympicGames5.“Goup”inthelastpassagemeans______________.A.建起B.上涨C.增长D.上升五.补全对话。1.---Howareyou?---I’m_______________.2.---ShallIcallyouJimorJames?---Itdoesn’t___________.3.---Ididn’twininthesportsmeeting.---Bad__________.4.---Whatdoesthatwordmean?---______________one?5.---Ithinkforeignlanguagesaremoreimportantthanscience.---Ireallycan’t_________withyou.6.---Whatwereyoudoingatthattimewhenyourfathercamebackyesterday?---Iwas___________thefloor.7.---Thankyouforyourhelp.---That’sall____________.8.---Haveyoufoundmyruleryet?---I’m__________Ihaven’t.9.---IsBillastallasLiLei?---No,heisn’t_________tallasLiLei.10.---Well_________.Congratulations.---Thankyou.六.句型转换。按要求填词完成句型转换。(A）在下面各题B句的每个空格里写上一个单词，使B句的意思与A句的相近。1.A:Myeyesstartedtofailattheageofseven.B:Myeyesstartedtofailwhen_________________________________old.2.A:Heissotiredthathecan’tdoanythingelse.B:Heis_____________tired___________doanythingelse.3.A:We’llrememberComradeLeiFengforever.B:ComradeLeiFeng_____________________byusforever.4.A:Howexpensivethecaris!B:________________________expensivecaritis!5:A:Weusecomputersinmanyways.B:Computers______________________inmanyways.(161\nB)按照下面各题的汉语意思用英语完成句子，把答案写在横线上，词数不限。1．明天我们要尽力打赢这场足球赛。’Tomorrowwewill__________________________towinthefootballgame.2．教师走进来时，学生们停止了谈话。Whentheteachercamein,thestudents______________________________.3．我们的国家变得越来越强大了。Ourcountryhasbecome__________________________________________.4．他的画将于明天在我们学校展出。Hispicture__________________________________atourschooltomorrow.5.我花费了两个小时看完这本书。It________metwohours______________readingthenovels.【练习答案】一.1.C2.D3.C4.A5.C6.D7.C8.C9.C10.A11.A12.D13.B14.B15.A16.D17.D18.B19.B20.C二.1.bedone2.Have,finished3.hers4.me5.youngest6.taller7.twentieth8.isspoken9.was10.leave三.1.B2.A3.D4.A5.A6.C7.B8.C9.B10.C四.(A)1.A2.B3.B4.A5.B(B)1.B2.A3.A4.C5.D(C)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.A五.1.fine2.matter3.luck4.Which5.agree6.sweeping7.allright8.sorry9.so10.done六.(A)1.Iwassevenyears2.too,to3.willberemembered4.Whata5.areused(B)1.doourbest2.stoppedtalking3.strongerandstronger4.willbeondisplay5.took,tofinish初三系列复习资料（28）Book3(Unit13-Unit18)的考点集汇，讲解和训练二十八、Book3(Unit13-Unit18)【知识梳理】I.重点短语1.begone'spardon2.multiply…by…3.slowdown4.wearout5.tryon6.makeadecision,7.aplaceofinterest8.makeamistake9.dropoff10.thinkabout11.makeupone'smind,12.atall,13.atleast14.bythetime15.carryon16.nevermind17.fromnowon18.comedown19.handsup 20.beforelong，21.noone，22.not…anylongerII.重要句型1.bebusydoingsth.161\n2.prefertodosth.3.regard...as...4.bepleasedwithsth./sb.5.beangrywithsb.III.交际用语1.---Howmuchdoes…cost…?2.---Itcancostaslittleas…yuanandasmuchas…yuan.3.---Itcosts….4.---It'sworth….5.---Idon'tagreewith….6.---Iwasn'tsurewhether….7.---Iwonderif….8.---Whatsize…?9.---Haveyougotanyothercolour/size/kind?10.---Haveyougotanythingcheaper?11.---Howmucharethey?12.---Howmuchdoesitcost?13.---Howmuchisit?14.---That'sabitexpensive.15.---Eventhoughthey'realittleexpensive,I'lltakethem.16.---I'llthinkabout….17.---Idon'tthinkI'lltake….18.---Ilike….19.---Idon'treallylike….20.---CanIhelpyou,girl?21.---Wouldyoulikemetolookintheback?22.---Wecanfind….23.---Doyoulikebeing…?24.---CanIaskyousomequestions?25.---Sure.26.---Itwasgreat.27.---Wow!28.---Yeah!29.---Ohdear!30.---Handsup!31.---I’llshootanyonewhomoves.32.---There’snoneedtothankme.33.---Canyourememberanythingelseabouthim?34.---Comedown,Polly!35.---Thereisalittletrafficaccident．36.---There'sabigtrafficjam.37.---Well,I'msurehe'llbeherebeforelong.38.---I'mbeginningtogetangrywithhim!39.---Yes,wecan'twaitanylonger.Let'sgowithouthim.40.---That'sterrible!41.---That'sareallybadexcuse!IV.重要语法1.过去将来时2.过去完成时3.动词不定式4.定语从句【名师讲解】161\n1.think/think/about/thinkof(1)think单独使用时表示"思考"，接that宾语从句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。Iamthinkinghowtoworkouttheproblem.Ithinksheisagoodstudent.当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。Idon'tthinkhecancome.Idon'tthinkitwillbewindy.(2)thinkabout可接一个名词，动词-ing形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考虑……"。Ihavethoughtaboutitforalongtime.Pleasethinkabouthowtotellherthebadnews.(3)thinkof表示"认为"，一般用于疑问句中，与what连用。WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?=HowdoyouliketheTVplay?2.big/large/great上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不同。(1)big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表示"伟大"，"重要"之意。如：Canyouliftupthisbigstone?OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.(2)large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：Awhaleisalargeanimal.Alargecrowdcollectedatthegateofthetheatre.(3)great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性，优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大"，"大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.Hewasoneofthegreatestscientists.3.cost/take/spend/pay(1)cost表示"花钱"，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）Thebookcostmefiveyuan.(2)take的主语是动词不定式,通常用it做形式主语。Ittookmefiveyuantobuythebook..(3)spend，在主动语句中主语是人Ispentfiveyuanon(for)thebook.或Ispentfiveyuan(in)buyingthebook.(4)pay的主语是人。Ipaidfiveyuanforthebook.4.expensive/high/cheap/low这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高"，而cheap与low涉及到价格"低"。(1)expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：Thiswatchisexpensive.这只表很贵。Theseglass-productsarenotexpensive.这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。注意：cheap表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：Thecheaptablewasboughtfromhim.这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。Thisclothdollisverycheap.这只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low在表示价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：Thepriceofthiswatchisveryhigh.这只表的价格太高了。Thepriceofthisbookisnotlowforme.这本书的价格对我来说是不低。161\n下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：Thepriceofthiscomputerisexpensive.(宜改为：Thiscomputerisexpensive.或Thepriceofthiscomputerishigh.)Thepriceofthispenisnotcheapforhimtobuy.(宜改为：Thispenisnotcheapforhimtobuy.或Thepriceofthispenisnotlowforhim.)5.alone/lonelylonely与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。(2)alone可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。Shewastakentoalonelyisland,livedalone,butsheneverfeltlonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。6.beforelong/longbefore(1)beforelong作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如：Wehopetofinishourexperimentbeforelong.我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。(2)longbefore作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。longbefore跟beforelong不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Beforelong则没有上述搭配用法。Theybeganthetestyesterday,butwehadmadeexperimentlongbefore.我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。7.as/when/while(1)as是连词，意思是"当……的时候，一面……一面"，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：AsweweretalkingaboutTitanic,ourteachercamein.正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师进来了。Thestudentssingastheygoalong.学生们边走边唱。(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；"那时"（等立连词，前有逗号分开）Istayedtillsunset,whenitbegantorain.我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。(3)while是"当……时候；和……同时"（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）WhileIwaswatchingTV,hewasreading.当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。Whilethereislife,thereishope.有生命就有希望。8.beat/win/hit(1)beat是动词，意思是"连续地打;打败;敲打"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。"如：Icanbeatyouatswimming.(2)win意思是"赢得某个项目"，后面常接"match,game"。如：Hewonagame.他胜一局。Wewonamatch.我们比赛得胜。(3)hit意思是"击中"（有时可表示"打一下"）。如：Themotherhitherchildoutofanger.妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。9.keepdoing/keepondoing(1)keepdoing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持续某种状态"。如：Thegirlkeptcryingallthetime.那个女孩一直在哭。Thebabykeptsleepingaboutfourhours.这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。(2)keepondoing表示"总不断做某事"，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting,sleeping,lying,standing这类词连用。如：Itkeptonrainingforsevendays.Don'tkeeponaskingsuchsillyquestions.10.get/turn/become这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调161\n职务、职称等的变化。如：Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorterinwinter．冬天的白天越来越短。Shecouldn'tanswerthequestionandherfaceturnedred．她回答不出问题，脸红了。Whendidyoubecomeateacher?-Tenyearsago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。11.steal/rob从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，stealsthfromsb/sth;而rob则用robsb/sthofsth;例如：Hestolemoneyfromtherichtogiveittothepoor.Theyrobbedthebankofonemilliondollars.12.see/look/watch/notice在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意力观看。notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture？在图画中你能看到什么？Look!Howhappilytheyareplaying！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！He’swatchedTVforovertwohours．他看了两个多小时的电视。Henoticedapurselyingontheroad．他注意到地上有个钱包。13.Shoot/shootatshoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shootat是一个动词词组，意为“向……射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如：Themanshotfivebirdsintheforest．那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。Thehuntershotatthebear．猎人朝熊射击了。Theyshotattheshe－wolf，butdidn'tshoother．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中／死。14.escape/runaway(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：Theoldmanescapeddeath．那个老人死里逃生。Thethiefescapedfromprison．那个小偷越狱了。(2)runaway作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如：Don'tlethimrunaway．别让他跑了。口语中escape和runaway可以互用。15.sothat..../so...that....(1)sothat....为了，以便。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：Ileftat5:00sothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.Speakloudly,sothattheycanhearwhatyousay.Hedidn'tstudyEnglishsothathelostachancetoworkinaforeigncompany.(2)so...that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。如：TheclassroomwassonoisythatIcouldhardlystudy.IgotupsoearlyinthemorningthatIcouldcatchthetrain.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.过去将来时；2.过去完成时；3.动词不定式；4.定语从句；5.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6.本单元学过的交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】1.(2004年济宁市中考试题)Hewantedtoknow______________.161\nA.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排除了A和B。宾语从句的时态应该是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。2.(2004年烟台市中考试题)---Whydidn’tyougotothemovieyesterday?---BecauseI___________itbefore.A.hadwatchedB.haveseenC.havewatchedD.hadseen【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯商用seeamovie,又因为说的昨天以前发生的事情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。3.(2004年重庆市中考试题)---Didyouwinthefootballgame?---Badluck.Ourteam__________inthefinalone.A.wonB.beatC.waswonD.wasbeaten【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。4.(2004年广州市中考试题)---Whoistheman________wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只有B合适。【满分演练】一.单项选择1.Thoughheis____________seventyyearsold,hetakesexerciseeveryday.A.pastB.aboveC.onD.over2.Thesunrises___________andgoesdown____________.A.intheeast,inthewestB.inthewest,intheeast C.totheeast,tothewestD.fromtheeast,fromthewest3.Whichwouldyoulike,Madam,teaorcoffee?____________,thanks.I’dlikeaglassofwater,please.A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.OK4.Oneoftheboysis________,alltheotherboysare_________.A.English,ChinaB.anEnglish,ChineseC.England,ChinaD.English,Chinese5.---Howsoonwillyoufinishthebuilding?---__________________________.A.IntwomonthsB.TwomonthsC.AbouttwomonthsD.Aftertwomonths6.Theydid______________theirfathertoldthem.A.likeB.asC.aboutD.with7.Thefishsmells______________.Youmustn’teatit.A.nicelyB.heavilyC.terribleD.terribly8.Eitheryouorhe_______________theteam.A.isinB.areonC.isonD.arein9.Hewasmade_____________thirteenhoursadaybyhisboss.A.toworkB.workC.isonD.arein10.___________youwork,___________youwilldo.A.Harder,betterB.Theharder,theworseC.Hardest,bestD.Theharder,thebetter11.MrsHuaskedLiuFangand__________totakepartintheEnglishmeeting.161\nA.IB.myC.meD.mine12.Tellthestudents_____________theirEnglishbooks.A.totakeB.tocarryC.tobringD.bring 13.It_____________ustwohours’walktogettoourschool.A.takeB.takesC.spendD.paid14.Mylittlesisterissotired,shecanhardlywalk,____________?A.doessheB.cansheC.doesn’tsheD.can’tshe15.__________YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverisourcountry.A./B.TheC.AnD.A16.---Doyouwantto_____atthemeeting.---No,Ihavenothingto______________.A.say,speakB.tell,talkC.say,sayD.speak,say17.---Youneedsomethingtodrink,don’tyou?---________________________________.A.NotatallB.Ineedn’tC.No,pleaseD.Yes,please18.Sheaskedme_____hecoulddanceorsing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.that19.---Aren’tyouMary’ssister?---_____________________I’mheraunt.A.Yes,IamB.No,I’mnotC.Yes,I’mnotD.No,Iam20._____________,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.A.TonowB.TofarC.SofarD.Tillnow二.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Class3wonthefootballmatchandourclass_____bythem.(beat)2.BylastFridaythestudents_____(learn)alltheirnewlessons.3.Hewillbeaworkerafterhe_____(finish)middleschool.4.Ifeltlike______(have)arestafterlunch.5.Isthereanotherwayof______(answer)thequestion?6.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass______(win).7.Jimmadeus______(agree)withhim.8.Theteacher_____(give)usalessonwhenTomwalkedintotheroom.9.Someonesawhim______(fall)offthehorsejustnow.10.Look!Agroupofpolicemen______(run)intothatroom.三.改写句子1.Noneofthedoctorsknowsaboutthematter.__________knowaboutthematter.2.TomistallerthanJohn.Jonhisnot_________________Tom.3.Thejacketcostsolittlethatheboughtit.Thejacket________________forhimtobuy.4.Jimhadagoodjourneyhome.Jim___________verymuch_______________home.5.Ididn’tfinishmyworkintimebecausemypenwasbroken.The____penstopped___________finishingmyworkintime.四.完形填空Hundredsofyearsago,lifewas1than2today.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.There3modernmedicine,4.Lifetoday5newproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution(污染).Waterpollutionhas6ourriversandlakesdirty.Itkillsourfishandaffects(影响)ourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesus7louderand8.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollution.Itaffects9livingthingintheworld.Cars,planesandfactoriesallpollute(污染)ouraireveryday.Sometimesthepollutionisso10thatitislikeaquilt(被状物)overacity.Thiskindofquiltiscalledsmog.(烟雾)161\n1.A.morehardB.moreharderC.muchharderD.muchmoreharder2.A.theyareB.theywereC.itwasD.itis3.A.werenotB.wasnoC.wereD.was4.A.eitherB.tooC.alsoD.neither5.A.bringB.haveC.havegotD.hasbrought6.A.madeB.letC.takenD.changed7.A.sayB.talkC.tellD.spoke8.A.feelhappymorehappilyB.getangrymuchmoreeasierC.getangrymucheasierD.feelandmoreslowly9.A.mostB.allC.oneD.every10.A.thinB.thickC.hardD.light五.阅读理解（A）Sincethebeginningoftime,manhasinventedmanyinterestingthings.Someoftheseinventions,likenumbersandtheradiohavecertainlychangedhistory.Since1946,oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.Itwillchangeallourlives.ThefirstcomputerwasbuiltatHarvardUniversity（哈佛大学）in1944.itwasaslargeasaroomandquitedifficultandslowtooperate（运行）.Butsincetheinventionofthesiliconchip（硅片）,computerhavebecomesmaller,easiertouse,andfastertooperate.Somecomputersareassmallastelevisionsets.Somecomputerscanbemadesmallerthanabook.Andcomputersaregettingsmallerallthetime.Thereareseveralreasons（原因）whycomputerisusefultous.Firstitcanstore（储藏）very,verylargeamount（数量）ofinformation（信息）.Second,thecomputercanoperateveryquickly.Third,moderncomputercanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,cars,andplanes.Theycandoalotofworkforus.Soon,almosteveryone,eitherathomeoratwork,willusesomekindofcomputer.Thelivesofallofuswillbechangedbythisinvention.判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“A”表示；不符合的用“B”表示.1.Accordingto（根据）thispassage,manyinventionshavechangedhistoryandpeople’slife.2.Thefirstcomputerwasbuiltinthemiddleofthe19thcentury（世纪）.3.Amoderncomputercanbemadesmallerthansiliconchip.4.Thecomputerhasbeenmademuchbettersincetheinventionofthesiliconchip.5.Thecomputerisusefulbecauseitcanstorelotsofinformation,itcanoperateveryquicklyandcanbebuiltintoothermachines.(B)JoeBiggswasabutcher(屠夫).HisshopwasinavillageinoneofthemostbeautifulpartsofsouthernEngland.Heworkedinitformanyyearswhilehisfatherwasthere.Then,whenhisfatherreachedtheageof65,hestoppedworkingintheshop.Joewasaloneinit,sohehadtoworkharder.Joeworkedfiveandahalfdayaweek.Hisshopshutatoneo’clockonThursday,anditwasshutthewholeofSunday.Saturdayswerethebusiestdays.Joehadabigrefrigerator(冰箱)inhisshop,buthetriednottobuytoomuchmeatatatime.OneThursdayawomancameintotheshopatfiveminutestoone.“I’msorryI’mverylate,”shesaid,“butsomepeoplehavejusttelephonedtosaythattheyaregoingtocometodinnertonight,andIneedsomemoremeat.”Joeonlyhadonepieceofgoodmeatintheshop.Hehadsoldalltherestearlierintheday.Hetookthepieceoutandsaidtothewoman.“Thisis￡7.15.”“Thatpieceistoosmall,”thewomananswered.“Haven’tyougotanythingbigger?”Joewentintotheroombehindhisshop,openedtherefrigerator,putthepieceofmeatintoit,tookitoutagainandshutthedooroftherefrigeratorwithalotofnoise.Thenhebroughtthepieceofmeatbacktothewomanandsaid,“Thispieceisbiggerandmoreexpensive.It’s￡9.30.”161\n“Good,”thewomanansweredwithasmile.“givemebothofthem,please.”6.Joeworkedaloneintheshop________.A.onSaturdaysB.onThursdaysC.aferhisfatherdiedD.afterhisfatherstoppedworking7.Joesoldmeatinhisshop_______.A.onThursdayafternoonsB.onSundaysC.onFridaysD.everyday8.Onedayawomancametohisshop________.A.at1:55,TuesdayB.at1:05C.tosaysorrytohimD.becausesomeonehadsuddenlytelephonedher9.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopleboughtallthemeatfromhim.B.Thewomandidn’twanttheexpensivepieceofmeat.C.Joebroughtthewomanadifferentpiece.D.Thewomanwantedtobuythetwopiecesofmeattogether.10.Joeonlyhadonepieceofgoodmeatbecause______.A.Joe’srefrigeratorhadbroken.B.hetriednottobuytoomuchmeatatatime.C.heknewthatthemeatwouldgobad(变质).D.hehadnomoneytobuymore.(C)Ifyougointotheforestwithfriends,staywiththemalways.Ifyoudon’t,youmaygetlost.Ifyoureallygetlost,thisiswhatyoushoulddo.Sitdownandstaywhereyouare.Don’ttrytofindyourfriends.Letthemfindyoubystayinginoneplace.Thereisanotherwaytohelpyourfriendsorothernearbypeopletofindyou.Givethemasignalbyshoutingorwhistling(打口哨)threetimes.Stop.Thenshoutorwhistlethreetimes.Anysignalgiventhreetimesisacallforhelp.Keepuptheshoutingorwhistlingalwaysthreetimestogether.Whenpeoplehearyou,theywillknowthatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfun.Theywillletyouknowthattheyhaveheardyoursignal.Theywillgivetwoshouts,twowhistlesortwogunshots(枪声).Whensomeonegivesasignal,itisananswertoacallforhelp.Ifyoudon’tthinkthatyouwillgethelpbeforenightcomes,trytomakealittlehouse—coveruptheholeswithbranches(树枝)withlotsofleaves.Makeyourselfasoftbedwithleavesandgrass.Whatshouldyoudoifyougethungryorneeddrinkingwater?Youwouldhavetoleaveyourlittlebranchhousetolookforariver.Don’tjustwalkaway.Pickoffsmallbranchesanddropthemasyouwalksothatyoucanfindyourwayback.Themostimportantthingtodowhenyouarelostis—stayinoneplace.11.Ifyougotlostintheforest,youshould_______.A.staywhereyouareandgiveasignalthreetimesB.walkaroundtheforestandshoutedsothatyourfriendsmighthearyouC.trytofindyourfriendsassoonaspossibleD.trytogetoutoftheforestandshoutedforhelp12.Ifyouwanttoletpeoplebelievethatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfunyoushould________.A.shoutthatyouarelostB.keepuptheshoutingorwhistlingC.shoutatthetopofyourvoiceD.shoutorwhistleonceinawhile13.Whenyouhear_______shoutsorwhistlesorgunshots,youknowthat_______.A.two;peoplewillsooncometohelpyouB.three;someoneisaskingforhelpC.three;peoplewillsooncometohelpyou161\nD.two;someoneisaskingforhelp14.Whenyouarelostintheforest,butyouwanttoleaveyourplacetogetwater,youshould________.A.justgototheriverB.findabowloraglass,andthengoC.makeafiresothatyoumightmakeyourselfsomehotteaD.leavemarks(标志)asyougototheriversothatyoucanfindyourwayback15.Thisstorymainly(主要地)tellsyou_______.A.thatwhensomeonegivesasignalalwaysthreetimes,itisacallforhelpB.WhatyoushoulddoifyougetlostintheforestC.thatwhenanysignalgiventwicemeansananswertoacallforhelpD.Whatyoushoulddoifyougetlostinthestreet六.书面表达根据提示写一篇有关你今天活动的日记要求：1、字数在60—80个单词左右。2、日期、天气状况等放在日记行文格式上。3、今天是2005年3月3日，星期六早晨6点45分起床，匆忙去上学，学校停课。然后和几个同学去公园野餐，乘车回家。9点睡觉。【练习答案】一.1.D2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.A10.D11.C12.C13.B14.B15.B16.D17.D18.C19.B20.C二.1.wasbeaten2.hadlearnt/learned3.finishes4.having5.answering6.has/havewon7.agree8.wasgiving9.fall10.arerunning三.1.Nodoctors2.so/astallas3.wascheapenough4.enjoyedhimself;whenhetravelled5.broken;mefrom四.1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.B五.1.A2.B3.B4.A5.A6.D7.C8.D9.D10.B11.A12.B13.A14.D15.B六.SaturdayMar3,2005SunnyTodayisSaturday.Igotupat6:45thismorning.Ihadaquickbreakfastandthenwenttoschoolinahurry,butwedon’thaveclassesonSaturday.ThenItelephonedsomeclassmatesandaskedthemtohaveapicnic.Theywereverypleased.Wegottotheparkandenjoyedourselves.Atabout5:00intheafternoon,wewenthomebybus.Iwastootired,soI’llgotobedat9:00.初三系列复习资料（14）听力理解的考点集汇，讲解和训练十四、听力理解及其解题方法【考点扫描】听力理解题的要求主要是：1、能听懂基本上没有生词，贴近学生生活的语言材料；2、能听懂并正确的辨别所听到的句子；3、能听懂声音材料中涉及到的主要信息或重要细节；4、能听懂对话或短文中谈论的要点、中心意思，并根据题目要求做出合理的判断，如：推理出对话发生的时间、地点、对话人物关系和身份等。【名师解难】一.训练方法可能很多同学认为面对听力，总有一种无从下手的感觉。其实尽管中考的听力很难靠猜题和压题来复习，但是中考中的听力测试部分不是随意设计的，它遵循《英语课程标准》的规定和要求，因此同学们只要注意方法，多听多练，就会发现听力部分并没有想象中的那么难。那么我们如何利用好这一年的时间，争取在听力水平上有所提高呢？1.首先要充分利用好英语老师在课堂上的语言。一般的英语老师在英语课堂上都是尽可能的利用英语来组织教学，无论老师说多说少，同学们都可以把这当成练习听力的好机会。在听得不大明白的情况下，要仔细听上下文，从老师前后的语言中来猜测、判断语意，或是根据老师的手势、眼神、动作等来分析，千万不要因为听不大懂而放弃。如果能利用好老师的课堂上的语言，对你的听力会有不少的帮助。2.161\n在平时的学习和生活中，充分利用国内或国外的优秀的英语广播和电视节目等，选择比较适合自己水平的节目，看比较简单的英语原声电影，等等。现在有很多电视频道和广播都有针对中学生开辟的栏目，同学们不妨每天定期收看，并作好听力记录，把能够听懂的东西记录下来，也可以把不明白的句子或单词记录下来（尽可能地记录），等节目结束后去揣摩或问老师。坚持下来，就会在无形中既提高了听的能力，还能有助于增长词汇量和知识，是帮助学习者打下牢固听力基础的较好方法，并建立语言沟通能力的自信心的有效途。3.在泛听的基础上，必须安排一定的时间进行专项、综合和强化性听力训练。选择难易适度的材料，先易后难，先慢后快地进行。二.解题技巧1.先看题后听音：在做听力题时，一定要做到听前先把听力试卷全部看一遍，尤其是听对话和听短文这两种类型，以大概掌握主题内容，缩小听力范围；2.把握全文：听第一遍时，不要急于做答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄明白文章的大意；3.边听边记：听的过程中，可以适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等等，同时把可能正确的答案做上记号。4.抓关键词：无论谈话的主题是什麽，总会涉及到这类主题的专门用语。抓住这个关键词，谈话地点，人物关系就好确定了。5.不因前误后：有时一个词或一个句子没有听懂，不必着急。将没听清楚的词或句子放过去，不要影响了下一道题。【中考范例】陕西省的听力的题目分为三个部分，下面我们按照题目地类型分别加以说明：1.听句子，选答语这类题目要求考生在听完一个句子的录音后，从书面的三个备选项中，找出所听到的句子的答语。这类题型在考察中一般属于较易题，考察的重点为大纲中日常交际用语表中所列项目。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第1题：1.A.Ithinkso.B.Thanksalot.C.Ihopeso.录音材料：1.Wishyougoodluckinthisexam!在解答本题前，同学们通过快速浏览书面选择项，通过特定情景用语的分析，就可将问题的内容基本推测出来。对方向你表示良好地祝愿，你的回答当然是表示感谢。答案为B。II.听对话，选答案这类题目让考生听一组对话，在听完对话后，接着由第三者根据对话的内容提出问题，要求考生在领会谈话要旨的基础上，从书面三个备选项中挑选能回答所听到问句的正确答案、或是让考生辨别说话人的职业或者两人之间的关系以及推断谈话发生的场合或地点等。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第6题：6.A.Weather.B.Business.C.Season.录音材料：6.W:IamgoingtoLondononbusiness.Canyoutellmeifitrainsalotthere?M:Yes,itoftenrainsthere.Question:Whataretheytalkingabout?该题中的女士问的是下雨的事，男士回答的也是下雨的事。他们谈论的话题当然是天气。答案为A。III.听短文，选答案听短文要注意听大意，要善于捕捉整体信息，切莫一个词一个词地听，也不要听一句就翻译一句，更不必因一个词或一个短语没听懂就停步不前，一定要带着短文后的要求和指令去听。听的短文通常是结构紧凑的故事，选用大多是围绕who,when,where,what,how或why所设的问题。因此，在听的时候应紧紧围绕选项内容作些速记，记下关键词语，理清线索，抓好前后联系，最后才准确做出答案。请看2004年陕西省听力部分第16-20题：16.WheredidJackwork?A.Onafarm.B.Inanoffice.C.Inafactory.17.Howoftendidhegethismoney?A.Everymonth.B.Everyweek.C.Everyhalfmonth.18.Whathappenedthismonth?A.Jackgotmoremoney.B.Jackgotlessmoney.C.Jackgotenoughmoney.161\n19.Fromthispassageweknowthat________.A.themanagerbelieveJackB.Jackwasn’tanhonest(诚实的)manC.Jackwasanhonestman20.CouldJackgoonworkinginthisfactory?A.Thestorydidn’ttellus.B.Yes,hecould.C.No,hecouldn’t.录音材料：Jackworkedinafactory,andattheendoflastmonthhegothismoneyinapaperbag.Heopenedthebagandfounditwaswrong.Hegotfiftymoredollars.Heputthemoneycarefullyinhispocketandsaidnothingtoothers.Amonthlater,hegothismoneyagain.Hefounditwaswrongagainthistime.Therewasnotenoughmoneyinhispaperbag.Thenhewenttoseethemanager.“That’sright,”saidthemanagerafterJacktoldhisstory.“Imadeamistakelastmonth.Foronemistake,Icanclosemyeyes.Butfortwo,Ican’t.Thankyou,Jack.I’veknownyoualready.Ihavetochooseanothermaninsteadofyou.Ithinkyoushouldknowwhatdotointhefuture.”本题在听短文，选择正确答案的题型中属于较容易题。同学们在听本题前，通过快速浏览试题所给的5个问题及选项，根据所提供的信息，可以推测出短文所涉及的内容是Jack的工作问题。5个问题分别涉及到Jack在那里工作，多长时间拿一次工资，工资出现了多少的问题，Jack诚实不诚实，从而决定了他是否能留下来继续工作。带着这些问题开始听录音。第一遍听音时只听不记，把注意力集中在有关问题的内容上，把握全文大意。第二遍听音时边听边看边记，重点把短文中有关内容与相关的题目对上号，分析判断后就能很快选出正确的答案，即：1.C2.A3.B4.B5.C。【满分演练】（1）听对话，选答案1.A.It’sFriday..B.It’sApril23rdC.It’sfinetoday.2.A.Yes,I’dloveto.B.No,Idon’t.C.Ienjoyreadingbooks.3.A.Sure.B.Certainlynot.C.Thanks.4.A.Metoo.B.You’rewelcome.C..Thankyou.5.A.Yes,Iwill.B.Yes,please.C.Thankyou.It’slovely.6.A.That’sagoodidea.B.I’lltakeyouradvice.C.It’shardtosay.7.A.No,youcan’t.B.Sure,I’dlovetoC.Yes,Iwant.8.A.Metoo.B.Thankyou.C.That’sallright.9.A.From8:00to11:00B.Fivehours.C.At8:00.10.A.No,shehasn’t.B.Yes,hehasn’t.C.Yes,never.听力材料：1.What’sthedatetoday?2.Doyouenjoylisteningtomusicorreadingbooks?3.CanIaskforleavetomorrowafternoon?4.YouspeakEnglishveryfluently.5.ShallIgetataxiforyou?6.Let’sgototheconcert,shallwe?7.Wouldyouliketohaveagamewithus?8.I’msohappythatyoucouldbehereatChristmastime.9.Couldyoutellmewhattimetheplaneleaves?10.Shehasneverbeenabroad,hasshe?（2）听对话，选答案1.A.Gotothecinema.B.WatchTV.C.Gotoaconcert.2.A.InaclassroomB.Inahospital.C.Inaclothesshop.161\n3.A.ToBeijing.B.ToTianjin.C.ToBeijingandTianjin.4.A.Dumplings.B.Breadandmilk.C.Breadonly.5.A.7:45B.8:15.C.7:30.6.A.Hewasillinbedallday.B.Hehadtoothacheyesterday.C.Hewashurtinatrafficaccident.7.A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytaxi.8.A.Eight.B.Nine.C.Five.9.A.Yoursister.B.Theman’ssister.C.Alice’ssister.10.A.Emilyisnotin.B.Themanhasgotawrongnumber.C.SheknowsEmilyverywell.听力材料：1.M:Whatdoyouwanttodotonight,Jenny?W:Iwanttogotothecinema.Whataboutyou,Jim?M:JustwatchTVathome.Q:WhatisJimgoingtodotonight?2.M:Thisshirtistooexpensive.Doyouhaveacheaperone?W:Howaboutthisone?It’sonlyfivedollars.M:ButIdon’tlikethecolour.Q:Wherearethetwospeakers?3.M:Iwanttotakeabusinesstriptomorrow.W:Howlongwillyoubeaway,Dad?M:Fiveorsixdays.W:Andwhereareyougoing?M:ToBeijingfirst,andthentoTianjin.Q:Where’sthegirl’sfathergoing?4.M:Whatdoyouusuallyeatforbreakfast?W:Iusedtoeatdumplings,butnowI’musedtoeatingbreadandmilk.Q:Whatdoestheladynoweatforbreakfast?5.M:It’saquartertoeight.Let’shurry.W:Well,yourwatchis15minutesfast.Mywatchisonlyhalfpastseven.Q:Whattimeisitbythegirl’swatch?6.M:Whydidn’tPetercometoschoolyesterday,doyouknow,Alice?W:Itissaidhegotthefluandstayedinbedallday.Q:WhatwasthematterwithPeteryesterday?7.M:Excuseme,whereisthenearesthospital?W:It’sfarfromhere.YoucancatchtheNo.8bus.Butthereisnobusnow.You’dbettertakeataxi.Question:Howwillthemangothere?8.M:Didyouspeakatthemeeting?W:Yes,Iwasthethirdone.Thenfiveotherpeoplespokeafterme.Question:Howmanypeoplemadetheirspeeches?9.M:What’syoursister’sname,Alice?W:HernameisBetty.Question:WhoisBetty?10.M:MayIspeaktoEmily?W:Emily?Oh,no.ThereisnobodynamedEmilyhere.Question:Whatdoesthewomanmean?（3）听短文，选答案I1.Whatdidthemanhavetodointhemorning?A.Hefedthechickens.161\nB.Hecleanedthebath-room.C.Hecarriedwaterforthefamily.2.Whydidthemangotoschoolonfoot?A.Nobusraninthedirection.B.Theschoolwasnear.C.Hisfamilywaspoor.3.WhatdidthemandoeverySunday?A.Hewastakentochurchthreetimes.B.Hestayedathomeallday.C.Heplayedinthestreet.4.Whatcanwelearnfromwhatthespeakersaid?A.Heisaretiredteacherofhistory.B.Hethinkschildrenwerehappierinthepast.C.Helivesonafarmfarawayfromcities.听力材料：Now,youwanttoknowaboutlifeinthepast,right?Icantellyou.WhenIwasaboy,thingsweredifferent.Ihadtogetupatsixeverymorning.Thatwasnotverybadinsummer,butinwinteritwascold.Andwedidn'thaveanyhotwaterinthehouse.Wehadtowashincoldwater.Wedidn'thaveabath-room.Mydadhadsomechickens.IhadtofeedthemeverymorningandthenIhadtowalktoschoolwithmylittlesister.Itwastwomilestoschoolandtwomilesbackintheevening.Andwehadtogotobedatseveno'clockeverynight.Wecouldn'twatchTVbecausetherewasn'tany.OnSundayswehadtogotochurchthreetimes-morning,afternoonandevening.Andwecouldn'tplayoutsideonSundays.Butitwasn'ttoobad.Wehadsomegoodtimes.Wecouldgooutandourparentsdidn'thavetoworryaboutus.Thereweren'tsomanycarsontheroadsthen,sothestreetsweresafetoplayin.Andtherewerenotmanyrobbersandthievesinthosedays.Wehadtoworkhardandweweren'tabletobuyallthosethingsintheshopstoday.Lifewashard,butitwassimpleandpeoplewerehappier.II1.A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.2.A.Becauseofthefood.B.Becauseoftheirhomework.C.BecauseofwatchingTVtoolong.3.A.SurftheInternet.B.Paintpictures.C.Playgames.4.A.Boring.B.Colourful.C.Amazing.5.A.WatchingTVless.B.WatchingTVmore.C.StoppingwatchingTV听力材料：AreyouaTVlover?CanyouthinkofyourlifewithoutTV?ManypeoplethinkifyouturnoffyourTV,yourlifewillbecolourful.TheyalsosuggestchildrenshouldwatchlessTV.TVcangivechildrenbigproblems.First,it’sbadforyourstudies,youspendtoolongonTV,youcan’tdowellinschool.Second,it’sbadforyourhealth,becauseyouwatchtoolongonTV,youcan’tdowellinschool.Second,it’sbadforyourhealth,becauseyouwatchtoomuchTV,you’regettingoverweight.Youreyesightisgettingworse.Third,it’sbadforyourfamilylife.WhileyourfamiliesarewatchingTV,theydon’ttalktoomuch.Alsoithastoomuchfighting.Somechildrenalwaysfollowthefightinginreallife.IfyouturnoffyourTVforaweek,maybeyoucanfindsomethingfuntodo.Maybeyoucanreadbooks,learntoswimorpaintpictures.Whatdoyouthink?Wouldyouwanttohaveatry?Questions:16.HowmanyTVproblemsarethereinthepassage?17.Whyaremorechildrengettingfatter?18.Whatotherthingscanwedoaccordingtothepassage?19.WhatwillourlivesbelikewithoutTV?20.Howcanyoumakeyourlifemoreinteresting?【练习答案】(1)1.B2.C3.A4.C5.B6.A7.B8.A9.C10.A(2)1.B2.C3.C4.B5.C6.A7.C8.A9.C10.B161\n(3)I.1.A2.C3.A4.BII.1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A161