初中英语名词专题教案 11页

专题三—名词一.教学内容：暑假专题——名词 名词（I）名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可用下图表示： 1.名词复数的规则变化情况                           构成方法      读音                                  例词一般情况                        加-s          清辅音后读/s/                           map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/          bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾             加–es          读/iz/                  bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾         加–s            读/iz/                         license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾         变y为i再加es 读/z/baby---babies 2.其它名词复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：twoMarys                          theHenrysmonkey---monkeys                    holiday---holidays2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photos　　piano---pianos　　　　　　　　radio---radios　　zoo---zoos；　　b.加es，如：potato--potatoes　tomato--tomatoes　　c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。　3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：　　a.加s，如：belief---beliefs　roof---roofs　　　　　　　　safe---safes　  gulf---gulfs；　　b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves　　\n　　　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves　　　wife---wives　life---lives　 thief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves3.名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children　foot---feet　tooth---teethmouse---mice　　　man---men　woman---women　注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people　police　cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）　trousers,　clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别的意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。4.不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较：Cakeisakindoffood.　蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.　（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.　（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice　一条建议。5.定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1）用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：menworkers　　womenteachers　　gentlemenofficials\n3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：goodstrain（货车）armsproduce　武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs　两打鸡蛋　aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan　一个五年计划6.不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChinese    aChinese　 twoChinese瑞士人theSwiss             aSwiss       twoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustralians　   anAustralian       twoAustralians俄国人theRussians  aRussian     twoRussians意大利人theItalians anItalian      twoItalians希腊人theGreek             aGreek         twoGreeks法国人theFrench     aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapanese  aJapanese     twoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmerican  twoAmericans印度人theIndians     anIndian     twoIndians加拿大人theCanadians    aCanadian   twoCanadians德国人theGermans         aGermans   twoGermans英国人theEnglish           anEnglishman       twoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedish          aSwede        twoSwedes7.名词的格英语中有些名词可以加“'s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加“'s”，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“'s”，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加“'”，如：theworkers'struggle　工人的斗争。3）凡不能加“'s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”；只有一个's，则表示“共有”。例如：John'sandMary'srooms（两间）　　JohnandMary'sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo'sabsence 名词（II）一、名词的种类名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据其所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类：A.个体名词表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student（学生）、pen（钢笔）、bird（鸟）等。B.集体名词（即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。如people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等。C.物质名词表示构成物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。D.抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。\n2.专有名词专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）、theCommunistPartyofChina（中国共产党）等。 二、名词的性名词按其所表达的物体的自然性别可以分为四类。1.阴性名词表示女性或雌性动物的名词。如woman（女人）、hostess（女主人）、cow（母牛）等。2.阳性名词表示男性或雄性动物的名词。如man（男人）、host（男主人）、bull（公牛）等。3.中性名词表示物体和抽象概念的名词。如radio（收音机）、love（爱）、tree（树）、friend（朋友）等。4.通性名词多数英语名词不分性，这类名词特指人类、适用于男性和女性组成的小群体或男性、女性个体。如parents（父母）、couple（夫妇）、children（孩子们）、child（孩子）、person（一个人）等。 三、名词的数名词分可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A.单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。如abook（一本书）、ariver（一条河）、anapple（一个苹果）、anorange（一个橘子）等。B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。如twopens（两支钢笔）、threedays（三天）、threecities（三个城市）等。复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。具体见下面。规则名词复数形式的构成词形特点    变为复数形式的构成方法   例词大多数名词在词尾加-s（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）cat—cats       bag—bags            day--days以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作[iz]class—classes       match--matches以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变成i,加-es,读作[iz]city—cities（但专有名词例外，直接在y后加-s，读作[z]Germany—Germanys）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词一般直接加-es,读作[z]（某些外来词例外，加–s，如tomato—tomatoes  photo—photos      piano—pianos）以元音字母+o结尾的名词直接加-s,但读作[z]zoo—zoos            radio--radios以f或fe结尾的名词有的直接加-s,读作[z]roof--roofs大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]leaf—leaves          wife--wives有些词两种形式都可以handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves 不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点        例词通过改变词内元音字母    man--menfoot—feet    tooth--teethmouse--mice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en              \nox--oxen（牛）child--children单复数形式相同               asheep--twosheepadeer--twodeer（鹿）aChinese--twoChinese（中国人）外来词保持其原有的复数形式crisis--crises（危机）basis--bases（基础）phenomenon--phenomena（现象） 复合名词复数形式的构成词的构成特点   变复数的方法   例词由若干部分组成并含有一种中心词（指人的词）将中心词变为复数形式son-in-law（女婿）--sons-in-law     grandchild（孙子）--grandchildrenlooker-on（旁观者）--lookers-on组成部分均为表示人的主体词各组成部分都要变为复数形式womandoctors（女医生）--womendoctor      manservant（男仆）--menservants组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加-sgrown-up（成年人）--grown-ups    go-between（中间人）--go-betweens 只有复数形式的名词词形特点    例词由相同两部分组成的物体的名称scissors（剪刀）trousers（裤子）glasses（眼镜）以-ing结尾的名词化的动名词savings（积蓄）earnings（工资） belongings（所有物）surroundings（周围环境）已约定俗成的名词形式arms（武器）stairs（楼梯）thanks（感谢）只有单数形式的名词如：advice（意见） labour（劳动） information（信息、消息） furniture（家具）traffic（交通）2.不可数名词表示无法分清个体的名词。不过，有些词在汉语中可数，在英语中却不可数。例如：news（新闻）、furniture（家具）、bread（面包）等。此类不可数名词要表示“一”这个概念时，需用其它方式表达，如apieceofnews，apieceoffurniture，aloafofbread等。一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，通常没有复数形式，但有时为了表示“不同类”或“大量”时，可以用复数形式，例如：Chinaisrichinwaters.中国有丰富的水资源。 四、名词的格名词的格是表示名词与句中其他词之间关系的名词形式。名词的格主要有三种：主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格与宾格的形式相同，即名词的原形，这种形式也被称为通格或普通格。名词的所有格又称属格，表示所有关系。1.名词所有格形式的构成A.大多数单数名词后加's构成其所有格形式。Mary'stelephonenumber玛丽的电话号码theboy'sball男孩的球B.以s结尾的复数名词，在s后加'。theteachers'office老师们的办公室thestudents'dorms学生宿舍C.不以s结尾的复数名词所有格的构成形式与单数名词的相同。thechildren'stoys孩子们的玩具thewomen'shats女人们的帽子\nD.复合词和由两个或两个以上名词表示共有关系的词组，在最后一个名词后加所有格符号's。hisson-in-law'sfriend他女婿的朋友MaryandLinda'smother玛丽和琳达的母亲E.如果两个或两个以上名词表示分别的拥有关系，则在每个名词后分别加's。Mary'sandLinda'sbooks玛丽的书和琳达的书Tom'sandPeter'sfathers汤姆的父亲和彼得的父亲2.以介词of加名词组成of属格thetitleofthetext课文的题目theroofofahouse屋顶3.“－'s”与“of”两种所有格的区别A.“－'s”所有格形式多用于表示有生命的名词，或表示与人类活动有关的时间、地点、机构等名词。Tom'sbooks汤姆的书today'snewspaper今天的报纸B.“of”所有格主要表示无生命的东西。thetopicoftheconversation话题thesurfaceoftheearth地球表面C.表示类别或属性时，只能用“－'s”所有格形式。awomen'scollege女子学院children'sbooks儿童读物（试比较：acollegeofthewomen那些女人的学院）D.所有格中的名词后面有定语（如现在分词短语或介词短语等），只能用"of"所有格形式。Itisthebookoftheboyspeakingtotheteacher．这是正同老师说话的那个男生的书。HeisastudentoftheFifthMiddleSchoolinXi'an．他是西安第五中学的学生。E.当所有格中的名词是以定冠词加形容词的形式出现时，只能用of构成的所有格形式。thehappinessoftheold老年人的幸福theproblemsoftheyoung年轻人的问题4.在以下情况中，只能用of与's构成双重所有格所有格所修饰的名词前面有一个数量词或一个指示代词that时，要用双重所有格（数量词包括a，two，some，no，any，few等）。afriendofMary's（=afriendofMary'sfriends）玛丽的一个朋友somebooksoftheteacher's老师的一些书thatsonofMr.Smith's史密斯先生的那个儿子thatsmileoftheboy's那个孩子的微笑注：双重所有格修饰的名词不能与定冠词the连用。5.动名词所有格的省略式A.当名词所有格所修饰的名词在前面已出现过，为避免重复，往往省略。Ineedyourhelp,notMary's.我需要你的帮助，不是玛丽的（帮助）。B.当被所有格修饰的名词表示店铺、教堂或某人的家时，这一名词省略。I'mgoingtothetailor'stogetmydress.我要去裁缝店拿我的衣服。We'llvisitSt.Paul's（cathedral）.我们将参观圣保罗教堂。TheytookpartinthebirthdaypartyatTom's.他们参加了在汤姆家举行的生日聚会。 五、名词的句法功能1.在句中作主语Thisbookisveryuseful.这本书很有用。Maryistomeetyouattheairport.玛丽将在机场接你。2.作表语\nMybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。Sheisawriter.她是个作家。3.作宾语或复合宾语Hefinishedhistaskontime.他按时完成了他的任务。WemadeTomourmonitor.我们选汤姆为我们的班长。4.作定语Hegotthreegoldmedalsatthe23rdOlympicGames.他在第二十三届奥运会上取得了三块金牌。raindrops雨点  colourfilm彩色电影注：名词作定语修饰名词，通常表示事物的属性、本质特征、内容、材料、目的等。这些形容词化的名词与形容词作定语在语义上有一定的区别。goldenmedal金色的奖牌（颜色，非材料）goldmedal金牌（质地材料为金子）colourfuldress色彩鲜艳的女装（仅指颜色）colourfilm彩色电影（属性为彩色的）5.作状语Themeetinglastedtwohours.会议持续了两个小时。Waitamoment.等一会儿。Hewaslateforclassthismorning.今天早晨他上课迟到了。6.作同位语Mr.Smith,ourleader,isspeakingnow.史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我们学生应该努力学习。7.作称呼语Comehere,Mary.玛丽，到这儿来。Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.女士们，先生们，早上好。 【模拟试题】（答题时间：70分钟）一、单项选择1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.A.littlewage             B.fewwage           C.wage                 D.wages2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.A.anash                  B.theash               C.ash                    D.ashes3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.A.manypreparations                               B.muchpreparationC.preparations                                        D.preparation4.Paintingin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.A.oil                        B.anoil                  C.oils                    D.theoil5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn't____oilhere.A.much                   B.lotsof                C.agreatdealof     D.many6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.A.ofgreatexpense                                  B.atagreatexpenseC.inalotofexpenses                              D.byhighexpense7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.A.muchnewfurniture                                                           B.muchnewfurnituresC.manynewfurniture                                                           D.manynewfurnitures8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.A.roomsnumber      B.roomnumber      C.room'snumbers  D.roomnumbers9.Computerscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.A.greatmany…many                              B.much…agreatdealC.agreatdealof…much                         D.many…agreatmany10.Shedidn'tknow_____hehadbeengiven.A.howmanyinformation                         B.howmanyinformationsC.thenumberofinformation                    D.howmuchinformation\n11.Heinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.A.comrade-in-arms                                 B.comrades-in-armC.comrades-in-arms                               D.comrade-in-arm12.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.A.womendoctors                                   B.womandoctorsC.womendoctor                                    D.womandoctor13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.A.growns-ups          B.growns-up          C.grown-up           D.grown-ups14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.A.stander-by            B.standers-by         C.stander-bys        D.standers-bys15.TheNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.A.prisoner-of-wars                                 B.prisoners-of-warC.prisoners-of-wars                               D.prisoner-of-war16.Themanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.A.newreel               B.newsreel            C.new-reels         D.newsreels17.Mary'sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.A.eldersister            B.eldersister's        C.eldersisters        D.eldersistersdress18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.A.mathematicteachers                            B.mathematicsteacherC.mathematicsteachers                          D.mathematic'steachers19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.A.someproperty      B.properties           C.someproperties  D.property20.Physics_____withmatterandmotion.A.deal                     B.deals                  C.dealing               D.are21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.A.have                    B.havebeen           C.is                       D.are22.Afterhecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.A.father-in-law's                                    C.father's-in-law    B.father-in-law                                       D.father's-in-law's23.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.A.manyJackfriends                               C.manyJack'sfriendB.Jack'smanyfriends                                                           D.manyfriendsofJack's24.Ihadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner.A.barber                  B.barbers               C.barber's              D.barbers'25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.A.PeterandHelen's                                 C.PeterandHelenB.PeterandHelens                                  D.Peter'sandHelen's26..______receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun'senergy.A.Theearth'ssurface                              C.ThesurfaceofearthB.Thesurfaceearth                                D.Theearthsurface27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto______.A.todayofdesigners                               C.today'sofdesignersB.today'sdesigners                                 D.todaydesigners28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don'tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______?A.mybrother                                         B.mybrothersC.mybrother's                                       D.mybrother'sfriend29.______isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.A.ThisJohn'soldfriend                          C.That'sJahn'soldfriendB.ThisoldfriendofJohn                         D.ThisoldfriendofJohn's30.______istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.A.Abike'sweight                                   C.TheweightofabikeB.Theweightsofabike                          D.Bilk'sweight31.Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.A.little                     B.much                 C.alargenumberof      D.alargeamountof32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.A.onlyfewseats      B.averyfewseats  C.onlyafewseats        D.soafewseats33.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.\nA.Alittlemail           B.Apieceofmail    C.Amail                D.Asmallmail34.Thedepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.A.anewequipment                                 C.newequipmentsB.anewpieceofequipment                     D.newpiecesofequipments35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.A.littleimprovement                                C.manyimprovementsB.alittleimprovement                             D.fewimprovements36.Today'smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.A.onlyafew            B.onlyfew             C.onlyalittle          D.onlylittle37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.A.aneducation         B.educations          C.education           D.theeducation38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.A.eighthchapter       B.chaptereight       C.eightchapter       D.chaptertheeight39.______isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys'andapes'.A.Theintelligentdog                               C.TheintelligenceofdogsB.Thedogswhoseintelligence                 D.Thedogsbeingintelligent40.All______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.A.businessstudent                                  B.business'sstudentsC.businessstudents                                D.business'sstudent41.______anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.A.Threeminutescall                               c.Athree-minutescallB.Three-minutecall                                D.Athree-minutecall42.The______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.A.public'schiefconcern                          C.chiefpublicconcernB.publicchiefconcern                            D.chiefconcernofpublic's43.______thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.A.Chinesewere        B.TheChinesewas C.Chinesewas       D.TheChinesewere44.______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.A.Looker-on            B.Lookers-on         C.Looker-ons         D.Lookers-ons45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.A.were                    B.havebeen           C.was                   D.hasbeen46.Ourlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.A.is                         B.are                     C.be                      D.been47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.A.muchoftomorrowfood                      C.manyoftomorrow'sfoodB.muchofthefoodoftomorrow             D.muchoftomorrow'sfood48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived______.A.verygoodeducation                            C.averygoodeducationB.verygoodeducations                           D.manygoodeducations49.Afterseveralday'shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.A.muchimprovement                                                           C.manyimprovementB.severalimprovements                          D.someimprovement50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.A.shoesshop           B.shoeshop           C.shoes'sshop       D.shoe's51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.A.largenumber        B.alargenumber    C.ahighamount     D.thehighamount52.Hehasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.A.research               B.aresearch           C.researches          D.theresearches53.Recently,hehaslostallhis______.A.wageandsavingatcard                       C.wagesandsavingatcardB.wagesandsavingsatcard                    D.wagesandsavingsatcards54.Thecountry'swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.A.herdofcattle        B.herdofcattles     C.herdsofcattle     D.herdsofcattles55.InBritainthe______areallpaintedred.\nA.letterboxes           B.lettersbox          C.lettersboxes       D.letters'sbox56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.A.alittlewhitehair                                  C.afewwhitehairB.somewhitehair                                   D.muchwhitehair57.Allhis______farfromsatisfactionA.conductis            B.conductare        C.conductsis         D.conductswillbe58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.A.afewdamages      B.fewdamages      C.littledamage       D.alittledamage59.Hewas______whattodo.A.athiswitend        B.athiswitsend     C.athiswit'send    D.athiswits'send60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withme?A.twotoasts            B.twopiecesoftoastC.twopieceoftoasts  D.towpiecesoftoasts61.Accurate______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.A.datum                  B.datums               C.data                   D.datas62.OnMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.A.how-are-yous                                     C.how-are-you'sB.ofhow-are-you's                                 D.ofhowareyou63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl______A.athisuncle'sSmithroom                     C.athisuncleSmith'sroomB.atSmith'shisuncle'sroom                   D.attheroomofhisuncle'sSmith's64.ItisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats______.A.atMrSmith's,thebookseller               C.atmyaunt's,abooksellerB.atmyaunt's,MrsPalmer's                   D.atMrsPalmer's,thebookseller's65.Thisroomis______.A.theeditor's-in-chief'soffice                  C.theeditor-in-chief'sofficeB.theeditor-in-chiefoffice                       D.theeditor's-in-chiefoffice66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat______.A.ateachercollege                                 C.ateacher'scollegeB.ateachers'scollege                              D.acollegeofateacher's67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal______.A.inairon               B.intoairon           C.inirons              D.intoapairofiron68.Ourteachergaveme______.A.anadvice              B.theadvice           C.manyadvice       D.muchadvice69.Mymothercuttheclothwith______scissors.A.a                         B.two                    C.acoupleof         D.apairof70.Myhouseiswithin______fromtherailwaystation.A.astone'sthrow     B.athrowofastone                             C.stone'sthrow   D.thestone'sthrow 二、用括号内词的适当形式填空：1.Therearetwo________overthere．（bench）2.Iliketaking________.（photo）3.lcanseea_________andtwo________standingthere．（man，woman）4.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor.（apple）5.Youoftenmakealotof__________inspelling.（mistake）6.Lookatthose_________.（child）7.Thisisa__________. Thosearethree__________.（knife）8.Hedoesn'tlikethese________.（glass）9.Howmany_________canyousee？（radio）10.Thirty__________liveinthisbuilding.（family）.  三、选择下列正确答案：1.Acowhasfour__________.A.stomachs                      B.stomaches2.Three_________areeatinggrass.A.sheep                            B.sheeps\n3.Water__________akindofmatter.A.is                                  B.are4.Herclothes__________nearlywornout.A.is                                  B.are5.Noman___________present.A.is                                  B.are6.ItisIwho___________next.A.am                                B.is7.There_________nowaterintheglass.A.are                                B.is8.Here__________ablindman.A.comes                           B.is9.Physics____________moredifficultthanmaths.A.is                                  B.are10.NeitherMarynorhersister___________theparty.A.isgoingto                     B.aregoingto