《Listening and reading》课件高中英语人教版高中英语语法与词汇(40) 28页

英语句子概论基本成分附属成分连接成分简单句并列句复合句\nnounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(直)宾语(间)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smell/soundetc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.\n主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例(P8,P16,P23)\n附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。\n定语PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymanybooks，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.\nJohnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.状语\n连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫从属连词。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。连接成分\n简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimawayinapolicecar.\n简单句的扩展成份简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining.Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno’clock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.\n并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，这种结构即构成并列句。P46用并列连词（如and，but，while(然而),so，for,or等）Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.\n并列句常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalsobut,whilefor,soor,either…or,neither…nor\n并列句并列句的词序：并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。主语谓语宾语连词主语动词表语Jimmyfelloffhisbikebut(he)wasn’thurt.五种简单句型可用并列连词连接起来组成并列句。主谓状（方式）连主谓表Frankworkedhardand(he)becameanarchitect.主谓宾连主谓地点I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.主谓宾宾补连主谓宾Theymadehimchairman,but(they)didn’tincreasehissalary.\nExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.\n由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。复合句=主句+从句复合句\n复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句5.定语从句6.状语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句宾语从句状语从句定语从句\n指出下列各从句的类型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice\n用所给连词连接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。PracticeHedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.\nI’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.（时间）Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.（结果）We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(条件)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步）Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.\n选择填空：1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanwasherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow2.Theweather____.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold3.Theappletasted____.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet\n4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we\n7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis9.Thedog____mad.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where\n练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句\n5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句\n四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑问）won’tthereHowlonghavetheylivedhere?Hedoesn’tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.\n4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.\n7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑问）couldtheyHowoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?\n9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!\nTHEEND