- 1.52 MB
- 2022-08-09 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
◆说明文技巧点拨高考中,说明文常见的话题有:产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。1.时态常用一般现在时,当然若是介绍其历史时,要用一般过去时;语态可能用到被动语态;若是介绍地点、环境等,要善于运用therebe结构。2.人称;用第二人称或第三人称\n对比类写作是说明文的一种.常用时态:用一般现在时,一般过去时和现在完成时,被动语态也较常用.2.两种方式:集中比较或对比;逐点比较或对比常用的关联词:comparedwith,bedifferentfrom,ononehand,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,usedtodo…butnow,Inthesameway,similary,nolonger,inthepast,opinionsaredividedonsth,everythinghastwosides等\n作文步骤:1.点题概括.用一二句话将主题概括性的导出.2.具体对比阐述.古今对比的写作要注意突出过去与现在的差异,同时注意对比关联词的使用.3.正反观点对比的写作要注意客观介绍两方观点.\n练习:人们对学生网上交朋友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇学生网上交朋友的短文,介绍人们不同的看法,并表达自己的观点。赞同的理由反对的理由你的看法广交朋友浪费时间?可自由表达思想影响学习利于外语学习可能上当受骗①②③④⑤\nShouldstudentsmakefriendsonline?SomepeoplesayyesandtheythinktheInternethelpsmakemanyfriends.Bychattingonline,studentscanexpresstheirfeelingsandopinionsmorefreely,andevengethelpwiththeirforeignlanguagestudies.Others,however,believestudentsshouldnotmakefriendsonline,sayingmakingfriendsonlineisawasteoftime,whichshouldbespentmoremeaningfulonstudy.Besides,somestudentsgetcheatedonline.Personally,studentsshouldplacestudy,healthandsafetybeforeotherthingsandasforfriendship,wecanreadilyfinditamongourclassmatesandotherpeoplearoundus.\n\n\n高考英语基础写作复习系列图表类说明文\n一是以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表(table)。Item19941995199619971998Food65%60%48%42%35%clothing8%9%12%l15%17%Recreation3%5%7%8%10%Others24%26%33%35%38%Total100%100%100%100%100%矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格图表类说明文的类型\n表示两组数的关系-通常为函数关系图二是以图形形式A表示数据变化的曲线图(graph);\nB表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的柱状图(barchart/graph);\nC表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图(piechart)\n3.Part1:Generalidea(conclusion/tendency)(图表反映的问题或总体趋势)Part2:Facts:(tosupporttheidea)(具体数据或事实)Part3:Reasons(原因分析)Part4:Solutions/suggestions(解决问题的办法或建议)在写作时,不一定包括这四个部分,应根据写作要求或具体情况而定。具体写作步骤:\n第一步(part1):开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题,即conclusion.常使用的词汇有:(图表/数据):table,chart,graph,figure(数据)…;动词:describe,tell,show,represent…\n、常用句式开头常用套语.Fromthegraph/table/chartabove,ittellsthat/wecanseethat...从上表我们可以看出……Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,….\n第二步:分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,然后描写(在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时,可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题,并阐明必要的理由)。注意层次。即factsandreasons(part2andpart3)增长/减少的表达:表示上升的动词:rise,increase,,goup,…;表示上升的名词:rise,increase,…;表示下降的动词:fall,,decrease,drop,godown,decline…;表示下降的名词:fall,decline,decrease,drop,…;表示平稳:remainsteady/unchange…\n其它:accountfor30%ofthetotal占总量的30%,atthesamerate以相同的速率,average平均的,annual每年的,thefigure数字,number数字,amount数量,percentage百分比\n4.叙述数据时要避免过多重复使用百分比,可以用约数、倍数等来表达。强调“少”可用only(只有)等,强调“多”可用asmany/muchas(多达)。\n常用句子1.Therehasbeenasudden/slow/rapidfall/dropin…2.Theratedroppedslightlyfrom38%in…to31%in…3.Itshowsa20%rise/reductionintrafficaccidentscomparedwithlastyear.4.Thepopulationincreasedby10%in1999.\n倍数的表达:fivetimesasmanyasfourmore7.Thenumberof…isthatof….=Thenumberin1999istimesthanin2000…(比...多4倍)\n第三步:阐明原因原因分析的常用套语(Reasons)1Therearetworeasonsthataccountforthisphenomenon/problem.2Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfor(leadto/resultin)thechange/increase3Thereasonforthisisthat...,……的原因是……\n常用表达:1Insummary,itisimportantto…2Wecandrawtheconclusionthat….3wecanpredictthat…4Thereisnodoubtthat…5Isuggestthat…6Inmyopinion,….第四步:归纳总结或发表评论。(part4)\n句型模板1Fromthegraph/figure\tableabove,wecanseethatgreatchangesincarownershiphavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.(图表得出结论)1句2Thenumberofcarsincreasedslightlyfrom31%in1998to38%in2000.(图表反映数据)3Therearetworeasonsthataccountforthisphenomenon.(原因)4Inmyopinion,….(观点)1句\n----07年高考基础写作[写作内容]根据以上数据,写一篇短文,包括以下内容:1.调查时间,调查问题,以及调查对象;2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异;3.”父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异;4.男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同;5.你的偶像及理由。范文剖析\n1.________Lastweek,wedidasurveyamong2,600studentson“Whoisyouridol”.2._____ThesurveyshowsthathalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsasidols,while48%oftheboysfavorsportsstars.3._____Asthedatashows,“parents”rankthesecondforthegirls,butthefourthfortheboys.4._____However,thepercentageoftheboyschoosing“greatfigures”isthesameasthatofthegirls.5.________Asformyself,ThomasEdisonismyidol,becausehisinventionshavegreatlychangedourlife.范文剖析ConclusionFactYouropinionFactFactb.数据的表达?a.Conclusion/fact/reason/youropinion?\n:下图是我国近10年私人汽车拥有情况,反映了人们生活水平的变化.[写作内容]请根据以上数据,写一篇短文,包括以下内容:1.近10年我国私人汽车拥有量增加了5倍多;2.增加的理由是:经济增长快;节约时间。3.你对此现象的看法。[写作要求]1.只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;2.标题:CarOwnershipinChina。实践演练990001020304050607080999000102030405060708099900010203040506070809990001020304050607080999000102030405060708099900010203040506070809\n第三人称现在完成时&一般现在时1.Conclusion2.Factsandreasons3.Yourownopinion/suggestions1.近10年我国私人汽车拥有量发生了巨变;2.2009年私人汽车拥有量比1999年增加了5倍多;3.理由1:经济增长快;4.理由2:节约时间;5.你对此现象的看法。时态:人称:要点:篇章结构:写作指导9900010203040506070809\nPossibleVersion:Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,greatchangesincarownershiphavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.Thenumberofprivatecarsincreasedmorethan5timesfromnearly3millionin1999toover15millionin2009.It’smainlybecausetheeconomyofChinahasdevelopedsorapidlythatmanyChinesepeoplewanttoownprivatecars.Besides,inmodernsociety,manyChineseneedacartodobusinesssoastosavetime.Inmyview,asthecarownershipconstantlyincreasesyearbyyear,alargenumberofsocialproblems,suchastrafficjams,willturnupinnearlyeverycitythroughoutChina.\n四、超级仿写下列两个图表显示了在过去的10年间大学生过暑假的方式变化。\n[写作内容]请根据这两个图表,用英语写一篇短文,内容包括:1.简单描述图表中变化明显的项目;2.简要分析变化的原因;3.由表格内容得出的结论。\nAscanbeseenfromthetwocharts,greatchangesinthetravellingwayforthecollegestudentsduringsummervacationhavetakenplaceinthepasttenyears.Thecollegestudentswhogotravelingandmakesocialinvestigationsduringsummervacationhaveincreasedgreatlywhilethosewhostayathomehavedecreasedalot.\nTherearetwomainreasonsforthechanges.Foronething,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,manypeoplehavebecomerich,whichmakesitpossibleforstudentstogetfinancialsupportfromtheirparentsintraveling.\nAndforanother,thegovernmenthasbeenencouragingcollegestudentstomakesocialinvestigationsontherapiddevelopmentinbothcitiesandvillages.Fromthechangesinthecharts,wecanpredictthatmoreandmorecollegestudentswillmaketheirsummervacationcolorfulandmeaningfulbygoingtotheoutsideworldinsteadofstayingathome.\n技巧点拨作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意,提出若干理由,试图说服他人1.找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系,即找出要点;2.合理安排材料的顺序,3.议论文常用一般现在时,但述说过去的事实时,可用过去时态;预测将来时,要用将来时态;也经常使用被动语态;有时假设一种虚拟情况时,还需要用虚拟语气。4.人称;第三人称,表达自己意见时用第一人称.议论文\n夹叙夹议类写作1.先叙后议2用一般现在时与一般过去时合用,一般现在时贯穿全文常用的关联词:Inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned,fromthestoryabove,disagreewith,withthedevelopmentof…,moreandmore…,allinall,Inshort,aboveall,besides,furthermore等\n作文步骤:1内容叙述对现象或故事进行描述2观点表达对所提供的现象或故事发表议论(议论与叙述内容要相关).3.总结(并提出建议)\n练习:假如你是李华,你班同学参加了报社组织的一场讨论,主题是:城市内是否可以养宠物.请根据下表提供的信息给报社写信,介绍讨论情况,说明自己的观点或建议.反对饲养宠物的同学认为支持饲养宠物的同学认为造成环境污染安慰孤寡老人有吵闹声,甚至伤人人和动物和谐相处,增添生活情趣\nDearEditor,Recentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhetherpeopleshouldkeeppetsincities.Somestudentsthinkitagoodideatokeeppets,becausepetscangivecompanytomanyoldpeoplewholivealoneathome.Besides,gettingalongwellwithanimalswillmakeourlifemoreinteresting.Onthecontrary,theotherstudentswhoareagainsttheideabelievethatiftoomanypeoplekeeppets,itwilldoharmtotheenvironment.What’sworse,petsmaymaketoomuchnoiseandevenattackpeople.Ilikeanimals,soIdon’tthinkit’sbadtokeeppets,butwemusttakesomemeasurestopreventthemfrompollutingourenvironment.Yourtruly,LiHua\n应用文技巧点拨应用文主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等1.时态,如日记常用过去时态,通知、请柬通常要用将来时态,而履历表用过去式或现在时态。2应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话,这些语句在考试中可能会考查到,所以要重点掌握。\n留言条:给房东写留言条假定你是李华,正在英国接受英语培训,住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs.Wilson不在家,你准备外出。[写作内容]请按要求给Mrs.Wilson写一张留言条,主要内容包括:(1)外出购物,下午5:00才回来;(2)替房东去市图书馆还书;(3)Tracy在下午1:00来电话留言:①咖啡屋(BoltonCoffee)见面取消;②此事已告知Susan;③尽快回电。\n范文1.留言条:给房东写留言条Mrs.Wilson,I’mgoingoutshopping,andwon’tbebackuntilabout5:00pm.IhavetakenwithmethetwobooksyouaskedmetoreturntotheCityLibrary.Atabout1o’clockthisafternoon,Tracycalled,sayingthatshecouldn’tmeetyouatBoltonCoffeetomorrowmorningasshehassomethingimportanttoattendto.Shefeltverysorryaboutthat,butsaidthatyoucouldsetsomeothertimeforthemeeting.ShehasalreadytoldSusanaboutthischangeandwantedyoutocallherbackassoonasyouarehome.LiHua\n高考英语作文话题二:书信作文\n1.书信开头表达:A.Iamwritingtoyoutoapplyforadmissiontoyouruniversityasavisitingscholar.B.Ireadanadvertisementintoday’sChinaDailyandIapplyforthejob...C.ThankyouforyourletterofMay5.D.HowhappyIamtoreceiveyourletterofJanuary9.E.Hownicetohearfromyouagain.\n[2.口头通知或介绍情况:A.Ladiesandgentlemen,MayIhaveyourattention,please.Ihaveanannouncementtomake.B.Attention,please.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.C.Mr.Green,Welcometoourschool.Tobeginwith,letmeintroduceMr.Wangtoyou.\n3.演讲稿:A.Ladiesandgentlemen,Ifeelverymuchhonoredtohaveachanceheretomakeaspeechonthesubject--ABalanceDietandHealth.B.Goodmorningeveryone!Allowme,firstofall,onbehalfofallpresenthere,toextendourwarmwelcomeandcordial热忱的greetingtoourdistinguishedguest.\n11.通知\n主题:举办“中学生才艺大赛”的通知NoticeA“HighSchoolStudentsTalentShow”willbeheldinGuangzhouTelevisionStationonMay1.Therewillbeeightkindsoftalents,includingspeeches,songs,dances,andmusicalinstrumentsplayingetc.\nOne1stprize,three2ndprizesandfive3rdprizesforeachtypeoftalentwillbeofferedattheshow.Ifyou’dliketohaveatry,pleasegototheTVstationtosignupbeforeApril30.It’sagoodchanceforyoutoshowyourspecialtalent.TheStudentsUnion\n通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体,包括了口头通知(announcement,包括广播通知)和书面通知(notice)。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息,而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间、地点、对象、事件、事项等。书面通知还应写明通知时间和组织者灵活运用超级模仿\n一、句式模板1.口头通知要有称呼语:Ladiesandgentlemen,Boysandgirls2.口头通知常用开头语:MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.口头通知常用结束语:That’sall.Thankyou.\n4.其他套用语:Everyoneisaskedtobethereontime.要求大家按时到达那里。Besurenottobelate.一定不要迟到。Pleasetakeyournotebookswithyouandbesuretobeontime.请带上笔记本,按时到达。\nThosewhoareinterestedinitarewarmlywelcome.欢迎对此有兴趣的人参加。注意:用将来时态。Thematchwillbeputofftonextweek.该比赛将推迟至下周。Wearegoingtoholdameetingtodiscusstheproblem.我们将开会讨论这个问题。\n二、超级仿写1.书面通知(2000年春季)为了丰富外国留学生的生活,你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。[写作内容]请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知书,有关内容如下:时间:5月第1周活动:1.演唱歌曲:流行歌曲;2.器乐演奏:古典和民间音乐;\n3.音乐比赛:听歌曲片断,然后猜出处;地点:届时通知,参加者请于4月20日前报名;4.通知格式已为你写好。生词:古典classical民间folk\nDearstudents,TheStudentsUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeamusicweek,whichwillbeheldinthefirstweekofMay.Therewillbedifferentkindsofactivities,includingsingingpopsongsandplayingclassicalandfolkmusicaswellasamusiccontest.\nAndinthecontestthestudentswilllistentopartofasongorapieceofmusic,andthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.Ifyou’dliketotakepartinthemusicweek,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeApril20th.Theplacefortheactivitieswillbeannouncedlater.Cometothegreatfun!TheStudents,Union\n2.口头通知。有一批英国学生在广州旅游,住白天鹅宾馆。请你用英语为他们拟一个参观广州动物园的口头通知,通知的内容如下:参观时间:11月11号,星期天集合时间:星期天早上7点,行车50分钟集合地点:白天鹅宾馆大门口广州动物园的简介:有50年左右的历史,有各种各样的动物,还有稀有的大熊猫,扬子鳄等注意事项:自带食物,穿舒服的鞋子\n参考词汇:扬子鳄Chinesealligators白天鹅宾馆WhiteSwanHotel\nHi,everyone.MayIhaveyourattentionplease?OnSunday,October11th,wewillvisittheGuangzhouZoo,whichhasalonghistoryof50yearsorso.Therewecanseeallkindsofanimals,includingsomerareanimalssuchaspandas,Chinesealligatorsandsoon.\nThosewhowanttogopleasegatheratthegateoftheWhiteSwanHotelat7:00onSundaymorning.Itwilltakeus50minutestogettothezoo.Besuretotakesomefoodwithyouandwearcomfortableshoesbecausewewilldoalotofwalking.That’sall.Thankyou!\n记叙文顺序作文步骤:1.首先用一句话点题,点明文章的时间、地点、人物、事件.2.写出事件的起因,发展和经过3.先客观描述事件的结果,再用一二句话概括你的看法或感想记叙文\nAllthemembersofLovingHeartSocietyatourschoolgateat7:30a.mthismorning,andthenwewentbybiketotheNorthLakeParktoplanttree(点题)…welookedatthetreesstandinginline,andfeltveryhappy.(感想)写作模板\n作文步骤:1.点题概括.用一二句话将主题概括性的导出.2.具体对比阐述.古今对比的写作要注意突出过去与现在的差异,同时注意对比关联词的使用.3.正反观点对比的写作要注意客观介绍两方观点.对比类说明文\nShouldstudentsmakefriendsonline?(主题概括)…Somepeoplesayyesandtheythink…Others,however,believestudentsshouldnot…(正反观点对比).写作模板\n图表类说明文步骤:1.Conclusion点明本图表所反映的主题2.factsandreasons分析并描写图表所示的具体信息3.Yourownopinion/suggestion归纳总结或发表评论。常用句型模板:1.Thegraph/chart/tableaboveshows…2.Therewasagreat/slightincrease/risein…(Statisticsshowa20%rise/reductionintrafficaccidentscomparedwithlastyear.)3Thereasonwhy…isthat…4.Thereisnodoubtthatattentionmustbepaidto…\n1.________Lastweek,wedidasurveyamong2,600studentson“Whoisyouridol”.2._____ThesurveyshowsthathalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsasidols,while48%oftheboysfavorsportsstars.3._____Asthedatashows,“parents”rankthesecondforthegirls,butthefourthfortheboys.4._____However,thepercentageoftheboyschoosing“greatfigures”isthesameasthatofthegirls.5.________Asformyself,ThomasEdisonismyidol,becausehisinventionshavegreatlychangedourlife.ConclusionFactYouropinionFactFacta.Conclusion/fact/reason/youropinion?写作模板\n作文步骤:1内容叙述对现象或故事进行描述(一二句话)2观点表达对所提供的现象或故事发表议论(议论与叙述内容要相关).3.总结(并提出建议)夹叙夹议类写作\nRecentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhetherpeopleshouldkeeppetsincities(对现象进行描述.)Somestudentsthink…Onthecontrary,theotherstudents…(发表议论)Ilikeanimals,soIdon’tthinkit’sbadtokeeppets…(总结)写作模板\n应用文技巧点拨应用文主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等1.时态,如日记常用过去时态,通知、请柬通常要用将来时态,而履历表用过去式或现在时态。2应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话,这些语句在考试中可能会考查到,所以要重点掌握。\n作文步骤:1称呼2正文既信的内容(第一句先用较为礼貌的一个句子开头)3.结尾语(祝贺语)一般写在正文的下面.4.结束语写在结尾语的下面.5.署名写在结束语的下面.书信写作\nDearfriend,Ihavethehonortoinviteyoutomyparty.______________________________________________________________________________________________I’mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.YoursZhangHua写作模板\n作文步骤:1标题2发布日期3.正文4落款通知写作\nNoticeMay10,2008Ithasbeendecidedthatallthestudentswillhaveameetingon…________________________________________________________________________________Pleaseattendontime!TheStudentUnion写作模板