高中英语语法专题指导课件：名词 39页

高中英语语法专题指导课件名词\n1、不可数名词的特点2、可数名词的单、复数;3、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；4、名词作定语；5、名词的搭配;6、名词的所有格7、词语辨析；高考考点分析\n不可数名词的特点(1)Tablesaremadeof____.  A.wood          B.woods              C.wooden         D.somewoods(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.  A.anadvice       B.advice           C.advices         D.theadvices(3)Hegainedhis______byprinting______offamouswriters.A.wealth;work   B.wealths;works C.wealths;work  D.wealth;works(1)没有复数形式；(2)不能直接在前面加不定冠词；(3)表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词，而要用apieceof之类的结构。ABD\n名词的单复数\n(1)DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______.     A.teeth              B.tooth              C.teeths            D.toothes(2)_____turngreeninspring.      A.Leaf             B.Leafs               C.Leave               D.Leaves(3)_____willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。特殊用法ADC\n一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-mapsbook-books2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bagscar-cars名词复数的规则变化(1)\n以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches但如果以–ch结尾的名词发音为[k]时，只加–s。stomach—stomachs读/s/以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-ses读/iz/bridge-bridgesexercise-exercises名词复数的规则变化(2)\n以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：读/z/twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esies读/iz/party-partiesbaby---babies名词复数的规则变化(3)\n以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加-s读/s/roof---roofs一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。b.去f,fe加-veshalf---halvesknife---knives读/vz/leaf---leaveswolf---wolveslife---livesthief---thievesc.均可handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchieveshoof-hoofs/hooves名词复数的规则变化(4)\natomatosometomatoessomepotatoessomeheroes名词复数的规则变化(5)辅音字母+o结尾，加es读/z/但piano,photo,kilo,tobacco加s元音字母+o结尾，加s读/z/radio-radios\nfoot--feetchild-childrentooth--teethmouse--mice名词复数的不规则变化(1)goose-geeseox-oxen\nman--menwoman--womenmendoctorswomenteachers\nonesheeptwosheepaChinesetwoChineseaJapaneseseveralJapanese名词复数的不规则变化(2):单复数形式相同\nonefish一条鱼fishes不同种类的鱼／各种各样的鱼threefish三条鱼somefish一些鱼肉可数名词不可数名词deer-deermeans-meansseries-seriesspecies-speciesworks-works（工厂）\nSome______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．GermanB．GermenC．GermansD．Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加–s或-es：German–Germans详见下表。\n1.6不同国家的人的单复数名称　　总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes\n_______willmakeatriparoundtheworldduringthecomingChristmas.(1993上海)A.TheEvensB.TheEvens’C.TheEvensesD.TheEvenses’专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：---Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?---_____.(98上海)APalmer’sBThePalmers’CThePalmersDThePalmer’s\nMrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.A．brothers-in-lawB．brother-in-lawsC．brothers-in-lawsD．brothers-inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加–s。如：grown-ups。\n可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语及转换\n1.Ineed______cloth,forI'mhopingtomake______clothes.A.alotof;many   B.much;much C.many;many D.many;alot2.Wewaited______forthebus.A.longtime   B.alongtime   C.thelongtime   D.somelongtime3._____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople‘slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.Alargenumberof  D.Agreatdealof4.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.A.manyof    B.massesof  C.thenumberof  D.alargeamountof5.Wehaveonlyasofa,atableandabedinournewapartment.Weneedtobuy______morefurniture.A.any      B.many          C.little            D.someABDBD\n6.Ihear_______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealot  B.quiteafew         C.quiteabit       D.quitealittle7.Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incaseweranout.A.toomuch        B.anumberof          C.plentyof        D.agoodmany8.Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledgeBC1.有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes,fruits,teas,allweathers。2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,shame/pity(憾事),interest(乐事),pleasure(乐事),surprise(意外事),disappointment(令人失望的人或事),success(成功的人或事),difficulty(难事),help(帮手)等。A不可数名词与可数名词的转换\n3.表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。如，afinerain(一阵细雨),aheavysnow(一场大雪),alongtime(很长一段时间)。4.表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如twoteasandacoffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5.有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：paperglasstimeexerciseexperienceroom不可数纸玻璃时间锻炼经验空间余地可数试卷玻璃杯次、倍习题、体操经历、房间6.有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,clothing等。名词的修饰语只能修饰可数名词的有each,either,neither,another,these,those,both,(a)few,several,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等。\n2.只能修饰不可数的有(a)little,much,abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some,any,half,most,all,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof等。\n名词作定语\n1.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s______walk. A.afourhour     B.afourhour’s   C.afour-hours    D.afourhours’2.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffee         B.coffee'scup         C.cupforcoffee  D.coffeecup3.The______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.A.bicycle’sshop  B.bicycleshop C.bicyclesshop D.bicycles’sshop4.Ittookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwas_____journey.A.three-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours一般用单数形式。如astonebridge(石桥),ameetingroom(会议室),morningexercise(早操),LondonAirport(伦敦机场),astorybook(故事书)，ashoeshop(鞋店)。DDBC\n2.man,woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致。如awomanteacher(一位女教师),twowomenteachers(两位女教师)。3.sports,sales,clothes,goods,arts,customs等只用复数形式。如asportsmeet(运动会),agoodstrain(货车),customshouse(海关),asalesmanager(营业主任)。4.数词+名词”作定语,若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用所有格。\n名词的搭配\n问题1We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.(N19993)A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection可以将“havenochoicebuttodo…”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如：IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.（05浙江卷）A．ideaB．feelingC．experienceD．sense类似的题还有：\n1.Here’smycard.Let’skeepin__________.(N1994)A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship2.Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeof_______.(1998上海)A.fareB.chargeC.moneyD.pay3.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_______sothecompanyisdoingwell.（03北京春季）A．ideaB．senseC．thoughtD．Thinking4.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren’s______.（04天津）AreachBhandCholdDplace\n问题2Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.（05上海卷）A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the+名词+of+对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：thesizeof;theweightof;thelengthof…….\n1.MissSmithisafriendof________.A.Mary'smother's   B.Mary'smotherC.Mother'sofMary   D.Marymother's2.－Where’syourbrother?－At_____.A.Mr.Green’s      B.Mr.Green  C.theMr.Green’s D.theMr.Green3.—Iwonderwhosebicycleitis.—Itmightbemy________A.neighbour's    B.dearneighbour C.neighbour     D.neighbours名词的所有格AAA名词的所有格有两种形式：’s式和of式。一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间、国家、距离等的名词的所有格用’s，如Mary’smother,today’snews;表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of,如thecoverofthebook。但还须注意以下几点：\n以s结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加s。如teachers’office。表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加’s。如KateandMary’sroom。3.在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's理发店。\n名词词语辨析\n问题1Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.（05天津卷）A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。\n1.I’mtryingtobreakthe____ofgettinguptoolate.(09天津）A.traditionB.convenienceC.habitD.leisure2.TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutany____whenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009.(09福建）A.delayB.effortC.scheduleD.consideration\n3.Chinahasgotagood____forfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.（09安徽）A.reputationB.influenceC.impressionD.knowledge4.----Hesaysthatmynewcarisa____ofmoney.----Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapes?（09山东）A.lackB.loadC.questionD.waste\n5.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy____tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.（09浙江）A.accessB.passageC.wayD.approach6.Fromtheir____onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.（09陕西）A.stageB.positionC.conditionD.situation\n7.Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor____building.（09湖北）A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character8.Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa____foreveryonetostandup.(09重庆）A.signalB.chanceC.markD.measure\n9.The____ofsurfingtheInternetishowyoucantellwhethertheinformationistrueornot.A.abilityB.competitionC.challengeD.knowledge10.Itwassucha(n)___whenPatandMikemeteachotherinMacao.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.A.fancyB.incidentC.coincidenceD.destination