高中英语 Sailing the oceansReading课件 新人教选修9 40页

Reading\nThefourbasicinstrumentsfornavigation:Sinan,InchAstrolabe,Sextantandnauticalmap.Sinan,theancientChinesecompass.\nItwasinventedbyZhangHengintheHandynasty.Itismadeupofabronzefoundation(青铜地盘)andmagneticspoon(磁勺)whichismadeofnaturalmagnet,positionedrightinthecentralofthefoundation.\nThehandleofthespoonpointstothesouth,whiletheothersidepointstothenorth.WhentheSinanisinthestill,thehandleofthespoonpointstothesouthbecauseofinfluenceoftheterrestrialmagnetism(地磁).\nIthas17starslistedaswellasamapoftheskyoverhead(for37degrees)andtheecliptic(黄道).ThetimeofdayornightisontheoutsideedgewithnoonatthetopoftheAstrolabeandmidnightatthebottom.Itcomeswithacarryingchain,apouch,andabookonitsuse.Thereversesidehasasightformeasuringtheelevationsoftheheavenlybodies.astrolabe\nsextant\nThesextantisanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.Firstasailorlooksatthehorizonthroughaneyepiece.Atthesametimehecanseelightfromthesunorastarreflectedoffasmallmirrorontopoftheinstrument,ontoasecondmirrorandintotheeyepiece.\nThenavigatorcanthenseetwoimages,thehorizonandthesunsidebyside.Hecanthenmeasuretheanglebetweenthemonascaleatthebottomoftheinstrument.Thescalegoesfrom0to120degrees.Anearlierinstrument,calledaquadrant,measuredinangleinthesamewaybutitcouldonlymeasureanglesfrom0to90degrees.\nnauticalchart\nNauticalchartsaremapsofthedepthoftheseaandthecurrentsoftheoceans.Theyprovidemodernsailorswithroutesthroughtheseas,ratherlikeroadsthroughthecountryside.Theinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcenturyandhascontinuedtobeupdatedeversince.ThesechartswerenotavailabletoCaptainBlighorZhengHe.\nDiscuss1.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?Keptclosetotheshore,usednaturesuchasthesun,wind,birds,tide,etc,tohelpthem,andusedsomeoftheinstrumentsincludingacompass,astrolabe,etc.\n2.Whichdoyouthinkwaseasiertoworkout:latitudeorlongitude?Latitude,becauseitwasusedtomeasurehowfaryouhadtraveledfromlandonastraightline.Itwasdiscoveredalongtimebeforelongitude.\n3.Canyouidentifytheseearlynavigationalinstrumentsseamenusedandexplainhowtheyareused?1)compass(inancientChina)2)astrolabe3)sextant4)sea/nautical/marinechart\n4.Whichonesdoyouthinkarestillusedtoday?Seachartsarestillusedtoday.\n1.Wheredothesematerialscomefrom?2.Whatdidtheearlynavigatorusetohelpthemnavigate?3.Whatnaturalobjectswereusedtoassistthenavigation?4.Isiteasiertomeasurelongitudeorlatitude?5.Dotheastrolabe,thequadrantandthesextantmeanthesamething?Readandanswerthesequestions.\nComprehending1.Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?()A.TosetthecourseoftheshipB.TomeasurethepositionoftheshipC.TomeasurethespeedoftheshipD.TotellthetimeAB\n2)Whyarespeedandtimeimportantinworkingoutthelongitudeofaship?Speedandtimeareimportantinfindingoutthelongitudeofashipbecausetheearthmovesfifteendegreeswestwardseveryhour.Ifyouknowyourdirection,speedandtime,youcanworkouttheapproximatelongitudeorchangeinyourpositioninrelationtothestars.\n3)Whyisthepositionofthesunandvariousstarsusefulforworkingoutlatitude?Thepositionofthesunandstarsareusefulforworkingoutlatitudebecausetheyarefixedpointsintheskyandtheirmovementsinrelationtotheeartharealreadyknown.Sotheycanbeusedtomeasureaship'sposition.\n2.SupposeyouwereaseacaptainaimingtosailroundAfrica.Discussingroups:1)Whatskillswouldyouseekinyoursailors?2)Whatproblemswouldyouanticipateforthisjourney?\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouwerefarfromlandandastormarose.Waittillthestormisover,andthenfindyournewpositionandreturntoyouroriginalcourse.3.Readthechartbelowandfillinyourplansofactiontodealwiththem.\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouknewyourlatitudebutdidn’tknowyourlongitude.Useknotstofindyourspeedandworkoutyourapproximatelongitude.\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouwereblownoff-course.Usethecompassandtheastrolabe,quadrantorsextanttofindoutyourposition,returntoyourformercourse.\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouwereoffshorebutyouneededmorefoodandwater.Follownestingbirdstoshore;lookforspecialcloudformationsorfogoverstreamstofindland.\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouwantedtokeepastraightcourse.Useacompass.\nWhatwouldyoudoif:PlanofactionYouwerelostwithnolandinsight.Measureyourpositionusingthesunorstars;lookforseabirds,cloudformations,fogorseaweedtoshowthatlandisnearby.\n4.Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalyzethenavigationalskills.\nUsingnature1.Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.2.Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw________________________________________________________.3.Sailorsused________________________________toincreasetheirspeed.freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwinds\n4.Thereweretwomethodstofindlongitude:1)_______________________2)__________________________________Usinginstrumentsmeasuringtimeandspeedcompassandcomplicatedmathematicaltables\n5Writedowntheworkingprinciplesofthefollowinginstruments:Bearingcircle:Astrolabe:tocomparetheheightofthesunnowwiththepositionofthesunatmidday.tocomparethepositionoftheshipinrelationtosomestarsorthesun\nQuadrant:amorepreciseformoftheastrolabe,tomeasurehowhighstarsareabovethehorizon,andcomparethatmeasurementwithpreviousmeasurements(usingtheshipasoneofthefixedpointstofinditsposition)\nSextant:anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate,tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship(usingtwomirrorstofindtheship'sposition).\n5.Imagineyouareonaboatwithtwenty-nineotherpeople.Youhaveasmallboxforyourpersonalthingsbutitcanonlyholetenitems.Whatwouldyouneedforaweek’sjourneyacrosstheNorthSeatoEngland?\nCategoryItemsClothesHygieneBeddingGamessoapblanketcards,chessshirt,trousers\nCategoryItemsShoesToolsMedicinesBooksknife,scissorssea-sicktablets,coldmedicinenovels,essaycollectionswaterproofboots\nReadthepassage(Reading)anddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.Anearlymethodofcalculatinglongitudewastouseaknottedropetiedtoalog.2.Theastrolabewasthefirstinstrumenttomeasurethesun’sposition.3.Thequadrantwasmorepreciseandsimplifiedthantheastrolabe,butstillhaditsshortcoming.TFT\n4.Uptillnow,themostaccurateandreliablenavigationalinstrumentisthesextant.5.Theastrolabe,quadrantandsextantaredifferentkindsofnavigationalinstrumentsandtheyhavenothingtodowitheachother.FF\nTypeofwritingandsummaryofSAILINGTHEOCEAN.TypeSAILINGTHEOCEANUsingnaturetohelp:Usingnavigationalinstrumentstohelp:expositionFindinglongitude,FindinglatitudeKeepingalongsidethecoastline,usingcelestialbodies,usingwildlife,usingtheweather,usingthesea\nHomework1.Reviewthispassage.2.PreviewLearningaboutlanguage.\n\n9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:31:57PM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、行动出成果，工作出财富。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:31:57PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:31:57PM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18MOMODAPOWERPOINTLoremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipiscingelit.Fusceidurnablandit,eleifendnullaac,fringillapurus.Nullaiaculistemporfelisutcursus.感谢您的下载观看专家告诉