高中英语短文改错解题要领及练习课件 19页

短文改错语言基础知识类复习及解题要领ErrorCorrection\n一、名词（一）分清可数名词与不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。（二）熟记可数名词的复数形式变化及常用的不可数名词。（三）注意可数名词在句中的用法，要么在其前加a、an或the，要么用它的复数形式。（四）不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。（只能修饰可数名词的有few，afew，many，anumberof，只能修饰不可数名词的有little，alittle，much，anamountof，agreatdealof，两者都可修饰的有some，any，alotof，plentyof，aquantityof，massesof）（五）注意固定搭配中的单复数形式。（六）并列结构中单、复数应一致。\nExercises：下列各题均有一处错误，请改正。1．MyparentswantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject．2．Ionceworkedasnightguardinafactory．3．Whatabeautifulweatherwearehavingrecently！4．Morecattleshavebeenraisedonthatfarmsincethen．5．Iftherearemuchmorepeopleintheworld，theremustbemorefoodtofeedpeople．6．Alittleyardsawaystoodanenemywithaguninhishand．7．NowSusanispayingvisittoHenry'sfamilyinSydney．8．Myhusbandwenttoatailors’shopandhadapairofnewtrousersmade．9．Pleasegivemybestregardtoyourfamily．10．Todayifyougoonboardtheshiportheplane，youwillseesignsandnoticethatwillgiveyousomeusefulinformationandwarnings．\n二、动词（一）看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把其它词性看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看作其它词性。（二）时态。特别要注意动词的过去式，及过去分词的拼写。（三）语态。英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。须熟记takeplace，happen，occur，breakout，breakforth，fall，rise，die，lie，appear等常见的不及物动词。（四）一致。包括与前面主语人称和数的一致以及几个动词的结构一致。（五）正确选用非谓语动词。（六）不能错用动词。其中有一条是根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词，譬如把go，arrive，open，borrow，take，sell依次改成come，leave，close，lend（return），bring（give），buy。（七）注意固定搭配。\n1．I'dliketoyourpenfriend．2．Didheabsentfromthelastmeeting？3．Theblindmanacrossedthestreetwithgreatdifficulty．4．ItwasfourdayssinceMotherreceivedanoperation．5．Hernamestandsforthemostwonderfuldancingtheworldhadeverseen．6．RobertandMaryhavemarriedforafewweeks．7．Shewasdonethewashingforthefamilywhenheryoungersoncameandaskedforsomesweets．8．Betweenthetreesstandastranger．\n9．I'llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforthecomingexamination．10．Hegottotheriver，sittingonthebankandbegantofish．11．LastSundaymorningMrWanglefthomegofishing．12．Tonightwe'llhaveaparty．Pleasecometakingyourmusicalinstruments．13．It'ssocoldhere．Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen？14．Theywonusatthefootballgamelastweek．15．Itwillmakeyougoodtohaveoutdoorexercise．\n三、形容词和副词（一）分清形容词和副词，譬如某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly，timely等。（二）正确选择形容词或副词，注意两者不同的作用：形容词修饰名词，作定语；置于系动词后，作表语；还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。（三）注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。譬如：ill，content，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake，worth等表语形容词，它们只作表语，不作前置定语，并有固定的副词来修饰它们。例如：wellcontent，all／verymuchalone，sound／fastasleep，wideawake，wellworth等。有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词加-ly构成，但它们有不同的含义。例如：close／closely，free／freely，high／highly，wide／widely，deep／deeply，hard／hardly，most／mostly等。（四）要分清不同类的“级”，以免混淆。（五）区别修饰各“级”的副词。\n1．ThefootballmatchwillbebroadcastlivelyonTV．2．Mostoftheteachersgiveustalksfriendly．3．Theylaughed，toldjokesabouteachother，andseemedquitecomfortably．4．Ifwedon'tcarefulprotectourenvironment，thelastdropofwaterwillbeourowntears．5．Thisbookisveryworthreadingagain．6．Canyoumakeitclearlywhatweshoulddonext？7．PeopleinArabcountrieslikestandingcloselytooneanotherwhentheyaretalking．8．Followingthecustomswillhelpmakeyourstayinaforeigncountryveryeasierandmorecomfortable．9．PeopleheredonotshakehandsasmoreaswedoinChina．10．Dolphinsareverymuchcleveranimalsasisknowntousall．\n四、代词（一）人称代词应注意：（1）不能错用格；（2）上下文单复数一致；（3）上下文阴阳性一致。（二）指示代词应注意：（1）this，that表示单数；these，those表示复数；（2）this，that可作副词用，意思相当于so；（3）such，same多用于固定结构，例如：such…as／that，thesame…as／that。（三）关系代词不能跟关系副词混在一起。\n（四）熟记常用的不定代词，如one，all，both，either，neither，each，many，much，little，few，other，another，something，anything，nothing等。并注意以下几点：（1）这些词本身不同的词义；（2）若在定语从句中作先行词，关系代词应用that；（3）something，anything，nothing常看作单数，代词用it，修饰它们的形容词应后置。\n1．Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme．2．TheDeadSeaisreallyalargelake．It'ssurfacehasanareaofoveronethousandsquarekilometers．3．Inordertomakethemselveslookshort-neckedandbig-waisted，theyhavetowrapmanytripsofclotharoundherbodies．4．LittlechildrenbelievethatFatherChristmascomesdownfromtheNorthPoletoleavepresentstohim．5．Ifyoulikethisbooks，youcantakethemaway．\n6．ThemistakesmadebytheChinesestudentsarequitedifferentfromthatmadebytheJapanesestudents．7．Herheartwassetonbeingagreatdancer，andshenevercaredfornothingelse．8．Suddenlythelettersstartedarriving—theotherofthemcametoday．9．Hereceivedmanygifts，thatheplacedaroundtheChristmastrees．10．Theyaretryingtofindahousethattheycanlive．\n五、数词（一）注意hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen，score等词表示确切数和不确切数时的用法。（二）表示哪个世纪，哪个年代以及某人几十几岁时的表达方式。（三）在与基数词构成的复合形容词中，名词用单数。（四）序数词、分数及百分数的正确表示。（五）熟记forty，fifty和ninth，twelfth等容易发生拼写错误的基数词和序数词。\n1．Therearetwoscoresofsoldiersdrillingontheplayground．2．Inthe1980s，whenhewasalreadyintheforties，hebegantolearnEnglish．3．Myneighborisaneighty-years-oldwoman．4．Hestillwantstotakepartinthecollegeentranceexamination，thoughheisoverseventies．5．Two-ninethofstudentsinourclassarefromthenorth．6．Ihavetoldhimhundredoftimes．7．Morethan90percentworkwasfinishedintime．8．Therearefourtyboysandtengirlsinourclass．\n六、连词连词分从属连词和并列连词，答题时需注意：（一）根据全文逻辑发展顺序正确选择并列连词或从属连词。（二）从属连词如because与so，though／although与but，if与and／or等不能同时使用。（三）正确使用并列连词and，or，but和for。1．Unlesshesaidhewasn'thungry，heatethebigbreakfast．2．Tomdidn'tseethefilm，andJohndid．3．Hehadlittletoeatandalargehousetolivein．4．Youwillnotfailunlessyouworkharder．5．Hehadnosoonerarrivedwhenhefellill．6．Weallfeltifweweregoingtofly．7．Ifyougostraightalongthisstreet，andyouwillsoonseethecinema．8．Becausehehadlefthiskeyintheroom，sohehadtousetheladder．\n七、介词（一）英语中的介词多为固定搭配，须熟记。特别是要熟记形容词短语、动词短语和介词短语中的介词。（二）有关介词的改错题经常以多用介词或少用介词的形式出现。1．Thetailorisveryproudforhisson'ssuccess．2．Thebottleisfullwithunknownliquid．3．Pleasegetmeaticketoftomorrow'sfootballmatch．4．Thesoldiershadnomercytothewarprisoners．5．Forthesakeofhealth，weshouldtakecareourwaterresourcesandenvironment．6．Ononemorning，hewenttoacertainlibrarytoreadsomebooks．7．Thechildrenareplayingunderthesun．8．TherearestrangesimilaritiesinthelifeofJohnKennedyandthelifeofAbrahamLincoln．\n八、冠词（一）a，an，the在单数可数名词前的用法。（二）熟记用或不用冠词的一些特殊情况。1．Thedriverbroughtthecartostop．Inthisway，heavoidedanaccident．2．Whenthewindisblowingat120kilometersahour，mostwaveswillbetwelvemetershighorless．3．Whensunwassetting，hestilldidn'tcatchanyfish．4．Ashewasbusyatthework，hiswifeaskedthreementoremovealltheirthings．\n综合练习:KarlMarxwasborninMay5th,1818inTrier,     1________inthewestofGerman.HeenteredBonn    2________Universityin1835andwenttoaBerlin    3________Universitytogoonhisstudiestwoyears   4________later.Becausehispoliticalwork,he     5________isforcedtoleavehisnativecountry.He    6________movedtoBelgium,FranceandthentoLondon,  7________England.Todohisworksbetter,     8________heworkedhardlyatEnglish,andlaterhe   9________startedstudyingRussianeveninhisfifty.   10_______\nPracticemakesperfect!