高中英语被动语态课件知识讲解 24页

语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。\n动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。\nHeisregardedasabriliant.Thebookwaswrittenin1969.Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.Hetoldusthatthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.Thepenhasbeenwashedforseveralyears.Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.Theboymustbelookedafterwell.\n一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedone\n在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。\nPeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：(一)主动句与被动句的转换\nPeoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。1)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。\n2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).\n3.含有介词动词的主动句的转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家从不听他的话。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.\n高考英语中主动表被动现象\n一.主动形式表被动的含义:1、Need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，值得),beworth(值得），notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。\n2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。Ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom有主谓关系）Hehasafamilytosupport.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）\n3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive等，不定式用主动表被动。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。Theworkiseasytodo.这项工作很好做。Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.那就使得诗很难写。\n4、在betodosth结构中,这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?这场火灾应由谁负责?Youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。Thehouseistolet.此房出租。\n5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。\n7、一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:Thebooksellswell.这种书很畅销。Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服很易洗。Thepenwriteswell.这笔很好写。8、在“therebe”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。Thereisnothingdoingthesedays.这些天没事干。Iseethere’sagoodideaplanning.我知道又在打好主意。\n有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：\nThemachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thebookshelfhardlysells.三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.\nDrills：A:1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary____forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation______inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding.3.Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespokenCBDD\n5.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun___Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisenBADC\n9.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10.__Ithinktheshop_____________.__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.closed;closedB.closed;willbeclosedC.closed;closesD.isclosed;closes11.ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.It’s____fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.usedDDD\n1.Thekey__forlockingtheclassroomdoor.A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use2.Anewschool__overthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt3.Hewasmade__yesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried4.ThePRC__onOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded5.AtalkonChinesehistory__intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveBBBCC\nExercises:一.选择填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA\n4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inSuzhouandHangzhou.A.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA