名词 高中英语语法 新课标 人教版课件 35页

Nouns名词\n考点揭密1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词；2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法；3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法；4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family,home,house;work,job等\n\n名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称\n名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词NOUN.\n名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰*acar*abook在元音发音开头的单词前用an*anelephant*anapple\n要点考点聚焦flowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxesNOUN.\n名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches\n(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeys\n要点考点聚焦找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.\nradiosphotos找规律zoospianosNOUN.\n(4)以o结尾的名词加“s”/z/*radio–radios*zoo–zoos只有potatotomato加“es”构成复数potato–potatoestomato–tomatoeszero---zeros/zeroes。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves\n2.特殊变化的单词(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet\n不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--menNOUN.\n3.变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenFrenchman–Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)–Germans4.其它形式child–childrenmouse–mice\n5.一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况(1)将中心词变为复数girlfriend–girlfriendsgrandchild–grandchildren(2)man,woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数amandoctor–mendoctorsawomanteacher–womenteachers\n6.常以复数形式出现的名词peopleclothespolicetrousersglasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.*Thepoliceoftencomehere.\n7.可用howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,some，alotof等修饰可数名词复数*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?\n★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。特别记住houseworkworkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine\n1.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.\n3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of前面的名词上，而of后始终是单数*Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.\n4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)–apaper(报纸)work(工作)–awork(著作)room(空间)–aroom(房间)\n(2)fruit(水果)–fruits(各种水果)fish(鱼)–fishes(各种鱼)hair(所有头发)–hairs(几根头发)time(时间)–times(时代)\n总结\n\n英语中还有不少名词的复数形式是不规则的，必须把它们牢记在心。如：man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish等。\n名词的所有格\n指点迷津Tenyears______(is,are)shorttimeforme.Apairofshoes______(is,are)underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool_____(is,are)2,000.Thewomanwithtwochildren______(is,are)cominghere.NeitherhenorI____(is,am)anAmerican.NOUN.isamisisis\n指点迷津6.Maths______(are,is)hardtolearnfortheboy.7.Theyareall_______________(woman,teachers;womenteachers).8.ThepopulationofChina_______(are,is)over1,300,000,000.9.Therearemany______(peoples,people)inthestreetinsummer.10.Oneofthestudents______(have,has)gonetoShanghai.isiswomenteacherspeoplehhasNOUN.\n1.Several_____aretalking underthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child3.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science4.Pleasegiveme______paper. A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof5.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass典型例题解析CAANOUN.DD\n6.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies7.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs8.Theywritemostoftheir_______inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters9._____are____forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used10.Johnbought_____forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoesDBACA\n根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.Jimhassome.(knife)12.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenknivesvegetablesNOUN.\n1.Therich_________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.haveD.has2.InBritain,_________areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_________.A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonews课时训练AADAB\n6.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few7.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful______inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities8.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat课时训练(A)BA\n9.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks10.“NightingalPrize”isfor_________.A.workersB.scientistsC.doctorsD.nurseCD