高中英语名词性从句详细讲解课件 27页

名词性从句nounclause\n名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause\n引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）连接词在从句中均不充当任何成分\n连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分\n请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)\n作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。主语从句\n有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句（2）It+be+形容词+that从句（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句（4）It+不及物动词+that从句注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用should+do，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…\n主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis\n宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1）.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,最后一个分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。\n注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。\n2.）用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。\n3）.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序持陈述句语序，此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时b.引导从句作介词宾语时c.从句后有“ornot”时d.后接动词不定式时e.做discuss等词的宾语时例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。\n4）.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．\n5）.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。6）.宾语从句中用it作形式宾语(1)make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that…/todo…(2)it指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate+it+if或when从句。例如：Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.我们认为我们应该帮助别人是我们的职责Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的\n表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning\n同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等，少数情况下也可用连接副词等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.　我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。\n同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）\n5.名词性从句值得注意的几个问题：1）连接词what与that的用法区别引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只起连接的作用。①.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What;whatB.what;thatC.That;thatD.That;what②.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where\n2）Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。①.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever②.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever\n3）Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。①.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where②.—Doyouremember____hecame?—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.HowB.whenC.thatD.if\n1.用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._________theycandoitmatterslittletous.6.___youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyouwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf【当堂检测】\n2.that 与whether/if的选择：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?whether/ifthatthat\n3.that，what引导名词性从句⑴._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.⑵.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.⑶.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.4.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引导名词性从句⑴.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.⑵.__________weneedismoretime.⑶.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.⑷.___________breaksthelawwillbepunishedThatWhatThatwhatWhateverWhatWhoWhoever\n1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseConsolidation:\n4.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that\n7.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak\n9.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes11.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif