【高中英语语法】动名词-PPT课件 34页

Gerundxxx\n主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneI.Forms\n1．SubjectWritingthebookhastakenupallhissparetime.翻译:眼见为实.Seeingisbelieving.II.Functions\n注①：It作形式主语(nouse,nogood,fun,awasteoftime,worthwhile);或Therebeno+Ving…a.  It’snogoodtalkingalotwithoutdoinganything.对此争论是浪费时间.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.b.There’snojokingaboutsuchmatters.There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext.There’snotellingwhathe’sgoingtodo.\n注②：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。\n但在下列几种情况中不能互换：a.当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.\nb.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…It’sfundoing…\n如：It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’swalkhome.It’sgreatfunsailingaboat.\nc.而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sadvisable…/It’sessential…这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.读许多遍是很有必要的.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.\n2．PredicativeTheirjobisbuildinghouses.Myfavoritesportisswimming.\n注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：Hisjobisraisingpigs.Mymainjobnowistoteachthemtoreadthetext.\n3．ObjectHearingthewords,shecouldn’thelpthinkingofherpastbitterness.我们都回避提及此事.Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.\n★能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：⑴.只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,admit,advise,appreciate,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,can’thelp,imagine,keep(on),don’tmind,miss,practise,putoff,goon,resist,suggest等，如：Ienjoyworkingwithyou.玛莉正考虑换工作.Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?\n⑵.既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin,continue,forget,hate,like,love,prefer,propose（建议，打算）,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,stop\n但是在下列情况下，通常用不定式：a.在like/love/prefer/hate后表示一个特定的新动作时：Iliketobuyasuit.我不愿意让他们失望Ihatetodisappointthem.b.当谓语动词已用进行时态时：Thewaterisbeginning/startingtoboil.I’mstartingtoworkonmyessaynextweek.\nc.在begin等后，非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时（即：指心理状态或精神活动时）Shebegantobelievehisstory.Hebegantorealizethathewaswrong.d.当主语是物，不是人时：Thewaterstarted/begantoboil.Theicestarted/begantomelt.\nB.在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.\nC.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别(mean,remember)IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldn’thelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldn’thelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theyleftofffishing.(停止钓鱼)Theyleftofftofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔)\n★动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：insiston/persistin/thinkof/dreamof/hearof/prevent…from/keep…from/stop…from/feellike/beengagedin/dependon/thank…for/excuse…for/setabout/spend…in/befondof/beafraidof/betiredof/succeedin/beinterestedin/beproudof/burstout/giveupobjectto/lookforwardto/contributeto/devote…to/get(be)usedto…/leadto/等，\n如：Whydoyoupersistinthinkingthatway/doingso?Heinsistedonseeingushome.Theyallobjectedtoputtingthemeetingoff.Areyouinterestedingoingtotheshow?I’mthinkingofgoingtotownthisafternoon.Idon’tfeellikeeatinganything.Sheisafraidoffallingbehindtheothers.Hefinallygottiredofdoingofficework.\n(3)v.+Gerund(object)v.+object+infinitive(complement)advise,admit,allow,consider,permit,encourage,forbid,recommendSherecommendedustovisitthetownofLondon.SherecommendedvisitingthetownofLondon.\n4．Prep.+Gerund=Adverbial(about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides,from,in,on,upon,without)Hewarnedmeagainstswimmingthere.Sheleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.Besidescookingandsewing,shehadtotakecareofthechildren.Hefeltuncomfortableaboutacceptingthegift.\n5．Prep.+Gerund=Attributive如：What’stheirreasonforcancelingtheEnglishevening?Haveyouanyobjectiontogoingthereonfoot?Hehaslittlehopeofpassinghisexaminations.\n6．Attributive如：singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod\nGerund复合结构:前面带有代词或名词有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，但主要用于口语中。Shewon’thearofourleavingthevillage.DoyouobjecttoLiPing’sjoiningthephysicsgroup?III.CompoundStructure\n动名词的复合结构有下列用法：①   作主语：放在句首作主语应该用物主代词和所有格Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.LaoLi’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.\n②作表语：Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.What’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughmachine\n③作宾语：Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Pleaseexcusemyinterruptingyou.\n④作介词宾语：Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.Doyouthinktherewillbeanychanceofmyseeinghimagain?\nIV.PerfectandPassiveVoice动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.\n1.如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.\n注：在某些动词之后（或在成语中）常用（或可以用）动名词的一般形式表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，如：Excusemeforcominglate.Idon’tremembereverseeinghimanywhere.\n2.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.Hediditwithoutbeingasked.Theyinsistedontheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkers.Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.\n注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：Idon’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.