初中英语 动词 14页

第五讲动词Part1动词的分类动词是构成英语句子的核心，是英语中最关键的词类，也是中考考查的重点项目之一。动词根据意义可以分为四类：系动词、实义动词即行为动词（包含及物动词和不及物动词）、助动词和情态动词。考点一系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语结合构成系表结构，来说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份等。系动词的分类分类词汇例句状态系动词be(am/is/are)Mymotherisadoctor.我妈妈是一名医生。持续系动词keep,stay,lie,remain,stand,restKeepquiet,please!请保持安静。表象系动词seem,appear,lookHeseemsverysad.他看起来很伤心。感官系动词feel,smell,look,sound,tasteThecaketastesdelicious.蛋糕尝起来很不错。变化系动词become,get,go,grow,turn,fallIt’sgettinghotterandhotter.天气越来越热。结果系动词prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划成功了。Be动词用法（1）be动词（am,is,are）这三个动词常用作连系动词，在句中起连接主语和表语的作用。Thisismymother.这是我的妈妈。Iamnine.我九岁了。Youaremygoodfriend.你是我的好朋友。（2）be动词三种形式的使用主要取决于主语。主语是第一人称I（我）时，用am,主语是第二人称you(你,你们)或名词及代词的复数时，用are，主语是第三人称单数it，he,she(它，他，她)或名词及代词单数时，用is.（3）am,is,are的意思是“是”，但不能处处翻译成“是”。Howareyou?你好吗？（4）对be进行否定，加notIamateacher.——I’mnotateacher.Theyarestudents.——Theyarenotstudents.（5）Be与benot的省略形式What’s=Whatisname’s=nameisI’m=IamYou’re=Youarehe’s=heisIamnot(I’mnot)arenot(aren’t)isnot(isn’t)【典例精析】（）1.—DoyouknowthesongGangnamStyle?—Ofcourse.It____interesting.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels（）2.—Dinnerisready.Helpyourself!—Wow!It__________delicious.Youarereallygoodatcooking.A.looksB.soundsC.tastesD.feels\n考点二实义动词实义动词可以单独作谓语。按句法作用可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。Ⅰ.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。及物动词接宾语有以下三种情况：动宾形式常见动词例句动词+宾语accept，love，borrow，discover，forget，please，eat，guess，put，cover，enjoy，ride，interest，ride，surprise，use，worry等。Iridemybiketoschooleveryday.我每天骑自行车去上学。动词+直接宾语+间接宾语call，give，hand，lend，offer，pay，post，promise，pass，read，return，sell，show，send，teach，tell，buy，book，cook，choose，design，find，fetch，keep，order，draw，prepare等。Pleasepassthebooktome.请把那本书传给我。注意：如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，需要在间接宾语前加介词for或to。跟for连用的动词有：buy，make，draw，find，keep，choose等；跟to连用的动词有：give，bring，pass，hand，return，offer，show，tell，sell，post等。动词+宾语+宾语补足语advise，allow，ask，expect，get，have，invite，let，notice，make，order，see，tell，teach，wish，warn，want，feel，hear，watch，discover等。Iheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。注意：跟带to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。Ⅱ.不及物动词不及物动词自身意义完整，不需要接宾语。1.有些动词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。LiMincansingEnglishsongs.李敏会唱英文歌。(及物动词)LiMinsingsEnglishsongswell.李敏唱英文歌唱得很好。(不及物动词)2.有些不及物动词与其他类别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，其作用相当于及物动词。搭配例句动词+介词Myfathertalkedtomeyesterday.我爸爸昨天和我谈话了。注意：这类词组后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面动词+副词Miketurnedoffthelightwhenheleft.迈克离开时，把灯关了。注意：这类词组的宾语为代词时，必须放在动词后、副词前；若宾语为名词，放在副词前后均可。\n动词+副词+介词Keepawayfromthedangerousbuilding.离那幢危楼远一些。注意：这类词组的宾语只能放在介词之后。动词+名词+介词Hetakesprideofdoingajobwell.他以做好工作而自豪。注意：这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。动词+形容词+介词Myteacherissatisfiedwithmyanswer.老师对我的回答感到满意。【典例精析】（）1.—Showmeyourhomework,Dave?—Sorry,Mrs.Brown.I’ve___itathome.A.missedB.forgottenC.lostD.left（）2.—Youlooksad.Whathashappened?—Everyone__________ustowinthematch,butwelost.A.expectsB.expectedC.hopesD.Hoped（）3.—WhenwilltheplaneShanghai?—Sorry，Idon’tknow.A.getB.arriveatC.reachIII.延续性动词和非延续性动词1.延续性动词表示的动作是可持续的，可以和表示时间段的状语连用。WehavelivedinChinasince2001.自从2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。Youcankeepthebookfortwoweeks.你可以借用这本书两周。2.非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束。非延续性动词不能和表示时间段的状语连用。如果要和表示时间段的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.他已经到这里5天了。（这里不能用hasarrived）Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已经开始10分钟了。（这里不能用hasbegun）IV.易混动词辨析borrow,lend&keep易混词用法例句borrow借；（向别人）借用短暂性动词，表示主语“借入”某物，常用搭配为：borrowsth.fromsb.。Iborrowabookfrommyfriendyesterday.昨天我从朋友那里借了一本书。lend借（出）；把……借给短暂性动词，表示主语“借出”某物，常用搭配为：lendsth.tosb.。Couldyoulendyourpentome?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？keep保持，保存延续性动词，表示“长时间地借”或“持有”。Howlongcanwekeepthebook?我们能借这本书多久？bring,take,carry易混词用法例句bring拿来，带来，取来表示把某物拿到靠近说话者的地方。Pleasebringthebookstotheclassroom.请把这些书拿到教室里。take拿，拿走Remembertotakeyour\n表示把某物拿到远离说话者的地方。homeworktoschooltomorrow.明天记得把你的作业带到学校来。carry拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等表示用力移动，没有方向性。Thebagisveryheavy.Canyouhelpmecarryittomyoffice?这个包非常重，你能帮我把它搬到我的办公室里吗？die,dead,death&dying易混词用法例句die死不及物动词，短暂性动词。Hergrandmotherdiedlastyear.他奶奶去年去世了。dead死的无生命的形容词，表状态。Hergrandmotherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他奶奶已经去世两年了。death死名词。HisdeathwasagreatlossofChina.他的死对于中国来说是一个极大的损失。dying垂死的临死的形容词。Thepooroldmanwasdying.那个可怜的老人快死了。speak,say,talk&tell易混词用法例句speak说、讲；谈话作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言。强调单方的“说”或“讲”。ShespeaksEnglish.她说英语。say说、讲及物动词，表示“对某人说”。强调说话的内容。也可跟直接引语或间接引语。Didyousayanything(tohim)?你（对他）说什么了吗?“I’mateacher,”hesays.他说“我是一名教师。”talk谈话；讲话；交谈不及物动词，强调双方“交谈”，常与介词to，with或about连用，表示“同某人谈论（某事）”。Helikestalkingwithhisfather.他喜欢和他父亲交谈。tell告诉；讲述可接双宾语，双宾语易位时用介词to引出间接宾语。Hetoldhisparentsthegoodnews.=Hetoldthegoodnewstohisparents.他把这条好消息告诉了他父母。考点三助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，构成各种句式、时态和语态等。常见的助动词有：be，do，does，did，have，has，had，will，shall等。助动词的用法助动词结构及用法例句be“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。Wearelisteningtomusicnow.我们正在听音乐。\n“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。Englishiswidelyusedbymanypeopleintheworld.英语被世界上很多人广泛应用。do/does/diddo和does可以构成一般现在时的疑问句和否定句。Doyoustilllovemetomorrow?明天你是否依然爱我？Shedoesn’thaveanybooks.她没有任何书。did可以构成一般过去时的否定句和疑问句。Theydidn’tbuyanythingatthesupermarketyesterday.他们昨天在超市什么都没有买。“do/does/did+动词原形”构成强调结构，但仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。Mr.Millerdoescooksmealsathomeeveryday.米勒先生每天都在家做饭。will/shallwill和shall可以用来构成将来时。shall仅用于第一人称，will可以用于各种人称。ShallIgowithyou?我能跟你一起走吗？Wewillplantmoretreesinthegarden.我们会在园子里种更多的树。have/has/had“have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时。Ihavewatchedthegameformanytimes.我已经看过那场比赛很多次了。BeforeImovedtoChina,IhadlivedinAmericaforthreeyears.在搬到中国之前，我已经在美国住了三年了。【典例精析】（）1.—____yourson____acamera?—No.He____onethissummervacation.A.Has...bought;willbuyB.Did...buy;boughtC.Does...buy;boughtD.Does...buy;willbuy（）2.Shesaidshereturnedthebooktothelibrary.I’msureshe__________.A.takesB.isC.wasD.did考点四情态动词情态动词和助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，必须与它后面的实义动词组合在一起共同作谓语。Ⅰ.情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can(原形)could(过去式)能，会。表能力、可能性、允许等意义，相当于beableto。WangGangcansingEnglishsongs.王刚会唱英文歌。可以。用于疑问句表请求。Can/CouldIuseyourcar?我能用用你的汽车吗？用于否定句或疑问句中表推测，can意为“可能”，can’t意为“不可能”。Thegirlcan’tbeLucy.ShehasgonetoLondon.\n那个女孩儿不可能是露西。她去伦敦了。hadbetter与第二人称连用时，可缩写为“You’dbetter”，意为“你最好”。其否定式是在better后加not。It’scoldtoday.You’dbetternottakeoffyourcoat.今天很冷。你最好不要脱掉外套。may(原形)might(过去式)may在问句中可以表示征求意见，在陈述句中可以表示许可、较小的可能性等。might可作may的过去式，也可以是一个单独的情态动词，表示有礼貌的请求、可能等。Billisn’tatschool.Hemaybeathomenow.比尔不在学校。他可能现在在家。MayIgonow?我现在可以走了吗？Hetoldmehemightbelate.他告诉我他可能会迟到。need用作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，表示必要性。Youneedn’tcomeifyouarebusy.如果你忙的话，就不用来了。must必须。表命令或要求，强调说话人的主观意愿。It’stoolate.Imustgohomenow.太晚了，我必须回家了。一定。表示肯定的猜测，一般只用于肯定句中，否定句中用can’t。Lanaishappyandshemustknowtheexcitingnews.拉娜很高兴，她一定知道了那条令人兴奋的消息。其否定形式为mustn’t，意为“禁止；不许”。含有must的问句，其否定答语用needn’t或don’thaveto。Youmustn’ttalklikethat.你不可以那样讲话。shall表示征求对方意见时，用于第一、三人称为主语的疑问句中。ShallMarycomein,sir?先生，可以让玛丽进来吗？用在主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中时，表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等。Youshallsufferforthis.你会为此事吃苦的。should应该。表示义务、推测等，可用于各种人称。Youshouldexercisethreetimesaweektokeepfit.你应该每周锻炼三次以保持健康。will/wouldwill表示意愿，用于现在时。would用于过去时。Iwillpayyouattherateyouask.我愿意按照你要求的比率付款。SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.她问我是否愿意跟他们一起去。会，愿意，想要。可用于各种人称，表示意愿。Don’tworry.Iwillhelpyou.别担心，我会帮你的。usedtoYoursisterusedtobequiet.你妹妹过去很安静。\n过去常常，过去是（但现在不是了）。没有人称和数的变化，可以与过去的时间状语连用。其否定式为didn’tuseto或usednotto；一般疑问式形式是将used提到主语前或用Did...useto？Youdidn’tusetolikepopsongs.你过去不喜欢流行歌曲吧。【典例精析】（）1.—__________yousinganEnglishsong?—Yes,Ican.A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Need（）2.Studentsinourschool__________knowshoutingisnotallowedinthelibrary.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need（）3.—Honey,stayhomebeforeIreturn.—I__________,Mum.A.mustB.canC.willD.should（）4.Acountryhasdreams.Weteenagers__________alsohavedreams.Withdreamsandhardwork,anythingamazingcanbecreated.A.mayB.mustC.should（）5.It’sratherhotintheroom.You’dbetter__________thewindowsorthedoor.A.closeB.nottocloseC.don’tcloseD.notclose（）6.—Ihearyou’vegotanewiPhone4S.____Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.A.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should（）7.—__________Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?—__________.Theyarejustonshow.(2016·呼和浩特)A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn’tC.Could;Sorry,youcan’tD.Can;Yes,youcould（）8.—HowdoesJackusuallygotoschool?—Herideabike,butnowhetheretoloseweight.A.usedto;isusedtowalkB.wasusedto;isusedtowalkingC.wasusedto;isusedtowalkD.usedto;isusedtowalkingⅡ.情态动词词义辨析can&beableto易混词用法例句can表示能力时，can可以和beableto互换。can只用于现在时；过去时用could。Hecouldplaythepianoattheageoffour.=Hewasabletoplaythepianoattheageoffour.他四岁就会弹钢琴。beableto可用于各种时态。另外，beableto常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳动之后才能做到某事。Willyoubeabletofinishthetaskintwodays?你能在两天内完成这项任务吗？must&haveto易混词用法例句must必须，应该。强调个人意志或主观上的需要。Wemustdothethingsatonce.我们必须马上做。haveto必须，不得不。强调客观上的必要性。I’mtiredandIhavetostopandhavearest.我累了，必须停下来歇一歇。\nmaybe&maybe易混词用法例句maybe大概，也许。副词，相当于perhaps，用于句首。可与maybe互换。MaybetheboyisfromCanada.=TheboymaybefromCanada.那个男孩可能来自加拿大。maybe可能是，在句中作谓语。may为情态动词，be为动词原形，用在句中。needn’t&mustn’t易混词用法例句needn’t不必。常作为由must引导的疑问句的否定答语，相当于don’thaveto。—MustIfinishtheworktoday?我必须今天完成工作吗？—No,youneedn’t.Youcandoittomorrow.不，不必。你可以明天再做。mustn’t禁止，不可以。往往作为由may或can/could引导的提出请求的疑问句的否定答语。Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.It’stoodangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。【典例精析】（）1.Finishyourhomeworkfirst,thenyou’ll__________watchTVforanhour.A.canB.beabletoC.ableD.could（）2.—MayIgooutforawhile,Mum?—No,you____.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t（）3.—Dad,mustwewaituntilthelightbecomesgreen?—Yes,I’mafraidwe______.That’sthetrafficrule.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.needⅢ.情态动词表推测1.“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。①在肯定句中表推测的情态动词有：might，may和must。其中might表示的可能性最小，再次是may，两者的意思都为“可能”。must表示的把握性最大，意为“一定”。There’snostudentintheclassroom.Theymightplayontheplayground.教室里没有学生。他们可能在操场上玩。Tomtoldmetheheadmasterattheoffice.Themantheremaybetheheadmaster.汤姆告诉我校长在办公室。办公室里的那个人可能就是校长。TheboyinredmustbeMike.穿红色衣服的男孩一定是迈克。②can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。Themaninthecarcan’tbeMr.Black.HehasgonetoAmerica.汽车里的那个人不可能是布莱克先生，他去美国了。2.情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。①“must+have+过去分词”表示过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态。Shemusthaveseenthefilmbefore.她之前一定看过这部电影。②“should+have+过去分词”表示过去本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做；而它的否定式为“shouldn’t+have+过去分词”表示本来不应当做，而实际上却做了。以上结构常带有说话者责备对方的感情色彩。Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkearlier(butinfactyoudidnotfinishitontime).你应该早一些完成你的作业（实际上你没有按时完成）。\n【典例精析】（）1.—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—We____gotoXiamen,butwe’renotsure.A.needn’tB.mustC.mightD.mustn’t（）2.—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?—Notyet.We__________gotoQingdao.It’sagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.needC.must（）3.ThatT-shirt__________beexpensivebecauseit’sbyafamousdesigner.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mustD.should（）4.ThewomanwhoistalkingwithMr.BrownbeMissLi.ShehasgonetoEngland.A.can’tB.mustC.mayD.mustn’tPart2动词的形式英语中动词是表示动作或状态的词，一般每个句子都要有一个动词来充当句子的谓语，来说明主语的特征。动词发生的时间不同，动词形式也会不同，而且主语的数也对动词的形式产生影响。因此动词有人称、数、时态、语态、语气的变化。绝大多数英语动词一般都有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。现以work,wash,carry,stop的变化为例来说明动词五种基本形式的变化，帮助同学们理解动词五种基本形式的变化规律。动词原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词workworksworkingworkedworkedwashwasheswashingwashedwashedcarrycarriescarryingcarriedcarriedstopstopsstoppingstoppedstopped一、第三人称单数的构成方法在一般现在时的肯定句中，当主语是第三人称单数时，动词也要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数形式的构成方法与名词复数形式的构成方法基本相同：构成方法动词原形第三人称单数形式一般情况下在动词后加-scome来comessing唱singseat吃eats在以s,x,sh,ch以及字母o结尾的动词后加-espass通过，经过passesrelax放松relaxesteach教teachesbrush刷brushesgo去goesdo做does以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，要把y改为i再加-esstudy学习studiesfly飞fliestry尝试，试验tries不规则变化be是ishave有，吃，饮has三、过去式和过去分词的构成方法动词过去式主要用来帮助构成一般过去时态，过去分词主要用来帮助构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态。过去式和过去分词的规则变化方法基本相同，不规则变化则很复杂，要注意单独记忆。1.规则变化变化规律动词原形过去式过去分词\n一般直接在动词后加-edask问，请求askedaskedhelp帮助helpedhelpedstay停留stayedstayedlisten听listenedlistened以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加-dlove爱lovedlovedlive居住livedliveddance跳舞danceddancedclose关闭closedclosed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，要把y变为i再加-edstudy学习studiedstudiedcry哭泣criedcriedtry尝试triedtriedcarry提，搬运，输送carriedcarried以以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-edstop停止stoppedstoppedshop购物shoppedshoppedplan计划plannedplannedpermit允许permittedpermitted2.不规则变化变化规律动词原形过去式过去分词原形、过去式、过去分词相同的动词let让letletcut切，割cutcutput放putputset安装setsetcost花费costcosthurt伤害hurthurtbet赌betbet原形与过去分词同形，但与过去式不同的动词come来camecomerun跑ranrun过去式与过去分词同形，但与原形不同的动词build建造builtbuiltbring带来broughtbroughtbuy买boughtboughtget得到gotgot/gottenfind发现，找到foundfoundhave有，吃hadhadhear听见heardheardkeep保持keptkeptlearn学习learnt/learnedlearnt/learnedleave离开leftleftlend借出lentlentmake制造mademademeet遇见metmetpay支付paidpaidsay说saidsaidsit坐satsat\nread[ri:d]读read[red]read[red]sell卖soldsoldsend送sentsentsleep睡觉sleptsleptsmell闻起来smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledteach教taughttaughttell告诉toldtoldthink认为thoughtthoughtwin获胜wonwondig挖dugdugspend花费spentspent原形、过去式、过去分词三者都不同的动词see看见sawseengo去wentgonedo/does做diddonedrink喝，饮drankdrunksing唱sangsungeat吃ateeatenfly飞flewflowngrow生长grewgrownforget忘记forgotforgotten/forgotknow知道knewknownride骑roderiddenspeak说spokespokensteal偷stolestolentake拿走tooktakenwear穿着worewornwrite写wrotewritten课后家庭作业：一、单项选择。()1.MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?No,you____.Youcangohomenow.Amustn’tBshouldn’tCneedn’tDcan’t()2.HelikesLanglang,sohelikesplaying____.Heplaysitforhalf____houreverydayAthepiano,aBpiano,anCthepiano,anDpiano,a()3.Thiskindofanimal______China.AiscomefromBisfromCcomefromDarefrom()4.Lindaisgood_____lookingafteroldpeople,sosheisgood____themAat,atBat,forCfor,atDat,with()5.YaoMingisavery______player.Hecanplaybasketballvery_______Agood,goodBwell,wellCgoodwellDwell,good()6.Scotthasaninteresting______.He_____ataradiostation.Ajobs.workBjobs,workCjob,worksDjob,work()7.______Sundaymorning,Jimusually_______at7:00AOn,getdressedBAt,getsdressedCIn,getsdressedDOn,gets\ndressed()8.Yourcakes_____deliciousAtastesBtasteCsoundDsounds()9._______doesittakeyoutoget_______home?AHowfar,toBHowfar,/CHowlong,toDHowlong,/()10._____!Canyou______thebirdssinginthetree?AListen,hearBHear,hearCListen,listentoDHear,listento()11.Hedoesn’tgotoschool____,hegoestoschool____hisfather’scarAbybus,byBbythebus,onCbybus,inDbythebus,in()12.Thereare_______teachersinourschoolA2hundredsB2hundredC2-hundredD2-hundreds()13.Wewillhave_______holidaynextmonthA3dayB3daysC3-dayD3-days()14._____John______dothedishes?ADo,havetoBDoes,hastoCDoes,havetoDDo,hasto()15.Idon’tknowtheanswertothisquestion,Jimdoesn’tknow,____AtooBorCeitherDalso()16.Let’snot______thesecrettoanyoneAtotellBtellCtellingDtotelling()17.________lateforschool.ADon’tbeBDon’tCNotbeDNo()18._____doesBoblikethezoo?BecausehelikesanimalsAWhereBWhyCWhichDWhat()19.Ifyoucan’tfindyourpen,youcanusemine.___________AThanksalotBOfcourseCYou’rerightDYouarewelcome()20.Weeat_____supperlateintheeveningA.aBanConeD/二、单词首字母填空。1.Atthelastm_______,theplayerkickedtheballin.2.Thefinal-examistot______howyourstudyisinthisterm.3.She’smygoodfriend.Idon’twanttohurtherf______.4.Mr.Liasksmetoreada______sothatallofmyclassmatescanhearmeclearly.5.ItissaidthatChang’e-6willtakeag____ofChinesescientiststotheMoonin15years.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ihate_________（leave)home.2.Wewereall__________（please）atthenews.3.Thisisaprivate__________(converse)betweenyouandme.4.He_______(tidy)uphisbedroomandwentout.5.Theseeds________(grow)ifyouplanttheminthesoil.四、完型填空。Charliecamefromapoorvillage.Hisparentshad__1__moneytosendhimtoschoolwhenhewasyoung.Theboywasverysad.Mr.Kinglivednexttohim.Hefoundtheboy__2__andhadpityonhimandlentsomemoneytohim.Sotheboycouldgotoschool.Hestudiedhardand__3__allhislessons.Whenhefinishedmiddleschool,themanintroducedhimtohisfriendinthetown.Andhebegantowork.OnceMr.Kingwasseriouslyhurtinanaccident.Dying,heaskedCharlietotakecareofhisdaughter,Sharon.Theyoungman__4__andseveralyearslaterhemarriedthegirl.Helovedherverymuchandtriedhisbestto\nmakeherhappy.Heoftenboughtbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfoodforher.Hewasgoodatcookingandhecooked__5__forher.Soshebecameveryfatandshefeltitdifficulttowalk.Andonedayshefoundtherewassomethingwrongwithherheart.Herhusbandwasn’tathomeandshehadtogoto__6__atonce.Thedoctorslookedheroverandtoldher__7__eatmeat,sugar,chocolateandthingslikethese.Shewasafraid__8__thedoctor’swordsandwroteallthenamesofthefoodonthepaper.Whenshegothome,sheputthelistonthetableand__9__.Whenshereturnedhomethatafternoon,shefoundmanykindsoffood:meat,sugarandchocolateinthekitchen.Charliewasbusy__10__there.Assoonashesawher,hesaidhappily,“I’veboughtallthefoodyoulike,dear!”()1.A.noB.someC.muchD.enough()2.A.lazyB.cleverC.carefulD.hard()3.A.didwellinB.waspooratC.wasworkingD.wasgoodfor()4.A.wasangryB.thoughthardC.agreedD.said“No.”()5.A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.alot()6.A.restB.sleepC.hospitalD.work()7.A.shouldB.wouldC.toD.notto()8.A.torememberB.toforgetC.tocatchD.toteach()9.A.sleptB.wentoutC.cookedD.ate()10.A.readingB.seeingC.cookingD.writing五、阅读理解。ATomwalkedintoashop.Itbadasignoutside:"Second-hand(旧的)clothesboughtandsold."Hewascarryinganoldpairoftrousersandaskedtheowneroftheshop,"Howmuchwillyougivemeforthese?"Themanlookedatthemandthensaid:"Twodollars."　　"What!"saidTom."Ihadguessedtheywereworthatleastfivedollars."　　"No,"saidtheman,"theyaren'tworthacentmorethantwodollars."　　"Well,"saidTom,takingtwodollarsoutofhispocket."Here'syourmoney.Thesetrouserswerehangingoutsideyourshop.Thelistprice(标价)ofthemwassixdollarsandahalf.ButIthoughtthatwastoomuchmoney,soIwantedtofindouthowmuchtheywerereallyworth."　　Thenhewalkedoutoftheshopwiththepairoftrousersanddisappearedbeforetheshopownercouldthinkofanythingtosay.()1.AtfirsttheowneroftheshopthoughtthatTom__________.A.wantedtostealthetrousersB.wantedtosellthetrousersC.wantedtofoolhim　D.wantedtobuythetrousers()2.Theowneroftheshop_______　fortheoldtrousers.A.wouldgiveTomtwodollars　B.wouldpaythreedollarsC.wouldpayfivedollars　D.wouldgiveTomsixdollarsandahalf()3．Theshopownerinsistedthatthetrouserswereworthonlytwodollarsbecause____.A.hewantedtosellthemcheaply(廉价地)B.hewantedtobuythemcheaplyC.hedidn'tlikethetrousersD.theywereoldanddirty()4．Infact,thetrousers_________.A.werehanginginsidetheshop　B.werestolenbyTomfromtheshopC.hadbeentheshopowner'sD.hadbeenTom's()5．Fromthestoryweknowthat_________cheaperthanthelistprice.A.theownersoldthetrouserstwodollarsB.TomsoldthetrousersonedollarandahalfC.theownerboughtthetrousersthreedollars\nD.TomboughtthetrousersfourdollarsandahalfBWouldyouliketohaveanelectriccar?WewillseethiskindofcarssooninAmerica.Thesequiet,cleancarsrunonelectricity.Carmakerswillstartsellingelectriccarsin2011.Theworld’spopulationwilljumpfrom6.8billionto9billionby2050.Theneedforcarswilljumpwithit.Buttheoilwon’tkeepupwiththenumberofcarsontheroad.Sothepriceofoilwillgoup.Electriccarsaren’tperfectjustyet.Itcantakeeighthourstochargeacarforonly100milesofdriving.Andthedistance（距离）thatcarscangodependson（取决于）drivingconditions.Howfarittravelsdependsontheweatherandtraffic.Priceisaproblem,too.Electricmodelscostmuchmorethanoil-poweredcars.Thegoodnewsisthatelectric-cartechnologyisgettingbetter.Asitdoes,thepricesofthiskindofcarsaredropping.Tochargethecar,theUSDepartmentofEnergyispayingforatleast10,000chargingstationsaroundthecountry.Privatebusinessesarealsogettingreadyforit.Itwillcostabout$3foreachcharge.Carmakersarecomingupwith（想出）otherwaystomakethecarcleanerandcheaper.Carsmayrunoncleandiesel（柴油）.Sowhoknowswhatwillpowerthecaryoumaybedrivingin10years?Thechancesarethatitwillbesomethingthat’scleanandeasy.6.Theelectriccarsare________.A.largeandnoisyB.largeandquietC.cleanandquietD.cleanandnoisy7.Paragraph2mainlytellsusthereasonwhy________.A.electriccarsappearB.thepopulationisgrowingC.theoilpricegoesupD.theoilpricegoesdown8.Whyaren’ttheelectriccarsperfect?A.Thecarsdon’tlookniceandthey’reslow.B.Thecarscan’tbedrivenfastandthey’redangerous.C.Thecarstakealongtimetobechargedandtheycosttoomuch.D.Thecarsarecheap.9.Howfartheelectriccartravelsdependsonthe________.A.waterandweatherB.weatherandtrafficC.driversandoilD.waterandoil10.Fromthepassageweknowthat________________.A.electriccarswillbemoreexpensiveB.nobodyknowswhatwillpowerthecarsin10yearsC.electriccarswillbeusedbymostpeoplein10yearsD.electriccarswillbeusedbymostpeoplein5years