初中英语重点 15页

Unit1Where’syourpenpalfrom?一．短语：1．befrom=comefrom来自于----2．livein居住在---3．onweekends在周末4．writetosb=writealettertosb给某人写信；写信给某人5．intheworld在世界上inChina在中国6．penpal笔友14yearsold14岁favoritesubject最喜欢的科目7．theUnitedStates美国theUnitedKingdom英国NewYork纽约8．speakEnglish讲英语likeanddislike爱憎9．gotothemovies去看电影playsports做运动二．重点句式：1Where’syourpenpalfrom?=Wheredoesyourpenpalfrom/2Wheredoeshelive?3Whatlanguage(s)doeshespeak?4IwantapenpalinChina.5IcanspeakEnglishandalittleFrench.6Pleasewriteandtellmeaboutyourself.7Canyouwritetomesoon?8Ilikegoingtothemovieswithmyfriendsandplayingsports.三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1Canada----Canadian----English/French2France------French------French3Japan------Japanese----Japanese4Australia----Australian-----English5theUnitedStates------American----English6theUnitedKingdom---British-----EnghishUnit2Where’sthepostoffice?一．Askingways:(问路)1．Whereis(thenearest)……？（最近的）……在哪里？2．Canyoutellmethewayto……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？3．HowcanIgetto……？我怎样到达……呢？\n4．Isthere……nearhere/intheneighborhood?附近有……吗？5．Whichisthewayto……？哪条是去……的路？二．Showingtheways:（指路）1.Gostraightdown/alongthisstreet.沿着这条街一直走。2.Turnleftatthesecondturning.在第二个路口向左转。3.Youwillfinditonyourright.你会在你右手边发现它。4.Itisaboutonehundredmetresfromhere.离这里大约一百米远。5.You’dbettertakeabus.你最好坐公交车去。（You’dbetter+动词原形）三．词组1.acrossfrom……在……的对面acrossfromthebank在银行的对面2.nextto……紧靠……nexttothesupermarket紧靠超市3.between……and……在……和……之间betweentheparkandthezoo在公园和动物园之间among表示位于三者或三者以上之间4.infrontof……在……前面Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.课室前面有棵树。inthefrontof……在……（内）的前部Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。5.behind……在……后面behindmyhouse在我家后面6.turnleft/right向左/右拐ontheleft/rightof……在某物的左/右边ontheleftofourschool在我们学校的左边onone’sleft/right在某人的左/右边onmyleft在我左边7.gostraight一直走8.down/along……沿着……（街道）down/alongCenterStreet沿着中央街9.intheneighborhood=nearhere在附近10welcometo……欢迎来到……11.take/haveawalk散步12.thebeginningof…………的开始,前端atthebeginningof……在……的开始,前端\ninthebeginning起初，一开始13.havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。Ihadfunyesterday.Ihadagoodtimeyesterday.Ienjoyedmyselfyesterday.14.haveagoodtrip旅途愉快15.takeataxi坐出租车16.到达：getto+地方gethere/there/home到这/那/家arrivein+大地方IarriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地方Iarriveatthebank.reach+地方17．goacross从物体表面横过goacrossthestreet横过马路gothrough从空间穿过gothroughtheforest穿过树林18．on+街道的名称。Eg:onCenterStreetat+具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg:at6CenterStreet三．重难点解析1．enjoydoingsth享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事Ienjoyreading.我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带doing.Ifinishcleaningtheroom.我扫完了这间屋子。2．hopetodosth希望做某事Ihopetopassthisexam.我希望通过这次考试。hope+从句Ihopetomorrowwillbefine.我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrowwillbefine是一个从句，它又放在Ihope的后面，形成句中有句。）3.if引导一个表示假设的句子。IfIhavemuchmoney,Iwillgotothemoon.如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。Ifyouarehungry,youcanbuysomefoodinthesupermarket.如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对1new—old2quiet---busy3dirty---clean4big----small\nUnit3Whydoyoulikekoalabears?一．重点词组eatgrasseatleavesbequietveryshyverysmartverycuteplaywithherfriendskindofSouthAfricaotheranimalsatnightinthedayeverydayduringtheday二.交际用语1.Whydoyoulikepandas?Becausethey’reveryclever.2.Whydoeshelikekoalas?Becausethey’rekindofinteresting.3.Wherearelionsfrom?TheyarefromSouthAfrica.4.Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?Ilikedogs,too.Why?Becausethey’refriendlyandclever.5.Mollylikestoplaywithherfriendsandeatgrass.6.She’sveryshy.7.HeisfromAustralia.8．Hesleepsduringtheday,butatnighthegetsupandeatsleaves.9．Heusuallysleepsandrelaxes20hourseveryday.10．Let’sseethepandasfirst.11．They’rekindofinteresting.12．Whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?13．Whydoyouwanttoseethelions?三.重点难点释义1、kindof有点，稍微Koalabearsarekindofshy.考拉有点害羞。kind还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的allkindsofWehaveallkindsofbeautifulflowersinourschool.2、Chinan.中国African.非洲China和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。TherearemanykindsoftigersinChina.TherearemanykindsofscaryanimalsinAfrica.\n3、friendlyadj.友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用,befriendly。ThepeopleinChengduareveryfriendly.4、withprep.跟，同，和…在一起Iusuallyplaychesswithmyfather.注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I,I通常放在and之后，如：MyfatherandIusuallyplaychesstogether.Playwith“和…一起玩耍”“玩…”Ioftenplaywithmypetdog.Don’tplaywithwater!5、day和night是一对反义词，day表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。通常说intheday,duringtheday,atnight。Koalabearsoftensleepduringthedayandeatleavesatnight.6、leafn.叶子复数形式为：leaves,类似的变化还有：wife—wives,wolf—wolves,knife—knives等。7、hourn.小时；点钟hour前边通常加上冠词an表示“一个小时”，即：anhour。Thereare24hoursinadayand60minutesinanhour.8、befrom来自…befrom=comefromPandasarefromChina.=PandascomeformChina.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：muchmeatHeeatsmuchmeateveryday.10、grassn.草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：muchgrass。Thereismuchgrassontheplayground.四.语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“howold”、“howmany”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1.疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：What’syourgrandfather’stelephonenumber?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Whoisthatboywithbigeyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Whichseasondoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪个季节？Whenishegoingtoplaythepiano?他什么时候弹钢琴？Wheredoeshelive?他住在哪儿？\nHowareyou?你好吗？Howoldareyou?你多大了？Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?你有几个兄弟姐妹？2.疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Whoisondutytoday?今天谁值日？Whichmanisyourteacher?哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/Howabout+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：IlikeEnglish.What/Howaboutyou?我喜欢英语。你呢？Whataboutplayingbasketball?打篮球怎么样？Unit4Iwanttobeanactor.一．短语：1wanttodosth想要作某事2givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物/把某物给某人3helpsbdosth帮助某人作某事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherdosomehouseworkathome.4helpsbwithsth帮助某人谋事Eg:Iwanttohelpmymotherwithsomehouseworkathome5intheday在白天6atnight在晚上7talkwith/tosb和----谈话8bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Eg:Heisbusylisteningtotheteacher.9inahospital在医院l10work/studyhard努力工作11EveningNewspaper晚报二．重点句式及注意事项：1询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式①What+is/are+sb?②What+does/do+sb+do?③What+is/are+名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+job?2Peoplegivemetheirmoneyorgettheirmoneyfromme.3SometimesIworkinthedayandsometimesatnight.\n4Iliketalkingtopeople.5Iworklate.I’mverybusywhenpeoplegoouttodinners.6Wheredoesyoursisterwork?7thenwehaveajobforyouasawaiter.8Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?Thencomeandworkforusasareporter.9Doyouliketoworkeveningsandweekends?10Weareaninternationalschoolforchildrenof5-12.三．本单元中的名词复数。1policeman---policemen2womandoctor-----womendoctors3thief-----thievesUnit5I’mwatchingTV一．现在进行时Ⅰ现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词①now现在②atthistime在这时③atthemoment现在④look看（后面有明显的“！”）⑤listen听（后面有明显的“！”）Ⅲ现在分词的构成①一般在动词结尾处加ingEg:go—goinglook--looking②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing。Eg:write—writingclose--closing③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing.Eg:get—gettingrun—running(swim,run,put,get,sit,begin)Ⅳ现在进行时的构成肯定句:主语+am/is/are+doing+其他+时状.Eg:Heisdoinghishomeworknow.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他+时状.Eg:Heisnotdoinghishomeworknow.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing+其他+时状？Eg:Ishedoinghishomeworknow?肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/areEgYes,heis.否定回答：No,主语+amnot/isn’t/aren’tEg:No,heisn’t.\n二．短语：1．doone’shomework做某人的作业dohousework做家务2．talkonthephone在电话里交谈，讲电话talkabout……谈论……talkto(with)sb和某人交谈3．writealetter写信writealettertosb给某人写信4．playwith……和……一起玩5．watchTV看电视TVshow电视节目6．waitforsb/sth等待某人/某物7．someof…………中的一些8．inthefirstphoto在第一张照片里（介词用in,序数词前面有the）inthelastphoto在最后一张照片里aphotoofone’sfamily某人的家庭照片9．atthemall在购物街at/inthelibrary在图书室at/inthepool在游泳池10．readabook=readbooks=dosomereading看书＼阅读11．thanksfor=thankyoufor为某事而感谢（后接动词要用v－ing）三．重点句式及注意事项：1．他正在干什么？Whatishedoing?他正在吃饭。Heiseatingdinner.他正在哪里吃饭？Whereisheeatingdinner?他正在家里吃饭。Heiseatingdinnerathome.2．你想什么时候去？Whendoyouwanttogo?让我们六点钟去吧。Let’sgoatsixo’clock.3．他正在等什么？Whatishewaitingfor?他正在等公交车。Heiswaitingforabus.4．他们正在和谁说话？Whoaretheytalkingwith?他们正在和MissWu说话。TheyaretalkingwithMissWu.5．你们正在谈论什么？Whatareyoutalkingabout?我们正在谈论天气。Wearetalkingabouttheweather.6．他们都正在去上学。Theyareallgoingtoschool.7．这儿是一些我的照片。Herearesomeofmyphotos.这儿是一些肉。Hereissomeofmeat.(someofmeat不可数，故用is)\n8．谢谢你帮我买这本书。Thankyouforhelpingmebuythisbook.9．family家；家庭。强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。Hisfamilyhasashower.他们家有一个淋浴。HisfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家在看电视。Unit6It’sraining!一．短语：1takephotos/pictures照像2takephotos/picturesofsb/sth给某人或某物照相3haveagoodtime＼havefun\haveagreattame玩得愉快4workforsb/sth为某人工作Eg:YuanYuanworksforCCTV’sAroundTheWorldshow5onvacation度假Eg:Therearemanypeoplehereonvacation.6some----others---一些．．．．．另外一些．．．．．one……theothers…….一个．．．．另一个．．．．（两者之间）Eg:Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.Somearewriting,othersarereading.7puton穿上（动作）wear穿着（状态）Eg:Tomisputtingonhiscoatnow.8onthebeach在沙滩上Eg:Tomandhisfamilyareplayingonthebeachatthismoment.9thisgroupofpeople这一群人10.inthisheat二．重点句型1．Howistheweather?天气怎么样？Intheraining.在下雨。2．Whatareyoudoing?你正在做什么？I'mwatchingTV.我在看电视。3．Whataretheydoing?他们在做什么？Theyarestudying.他们在学习。4．Whatishedoing?他在做什么？Heisplayingbasketball.他在打篮球。5．Whatisshedoing?她在做什么？Sheiscooking.她在做饭。三．重难点解析1询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换)①HowistheweatherinBeijing?(Howistheweathertoday?)②What’stheweatherlikeinBeijing?(What’stheweatherliketoday?)\n2回答上面问题的句式：①It’s+adj.(形容词)Eg:It’swindy.3How’sitgoing(withyou)?①Notbad.②Great!③Terrible!④Prettygood.4ThankyouforjoiningCCTV’sAroundTheWordshow.5Iamsurprisedtheycanplayinthisheat.6Everyoneishavingagoodtime.7Peoplearewearinghatsandscarfs.①wear指穿衣服的状态。②puton指穿衣服的动作。四．谈论天气的日常用语1.It’ssunny/rainy/cloudy.今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。2.Lovelyweather,isn’tit?天气真好，是吗？3.Itlookslikerain.看起来要下雨。4.It’srainingcatsanddogs.正是瓢泼大雨。5.Itseemstobecleaningup.天似乎要转晴。6.It’sblowinghard.风刮得很大。7.It’ssnowingheavily.正在下大雪。8.Thesnowwon’tlastlong.雪不会持续太久。9.It’sveryfoggy.雾很大。10.Thefogisbeginningtolift.正在收雾。11.It’sthunderingandlightening.雷电交加。12.What’stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样？13.What’stheweatherreportfortomorrow?天气预报明天怎么样？14.It’squitedifferentfromtheweatherreport.这和天气预报相差很大。15.It’sratherchangeable.天气变化无常。16.What’sthetemperature?温度是多少？17.It’stwobelowzero.零下二度。18.Thetemperaturehasdroppedalottoday.今天温度低多了。Unit7Whatdoeshelooklike?一．短语1looklike看起来像....\n2curly/short/straight/longhair卷／短／直发3mediumheight/build中等高度／身体4alittlebit一点儿…5apopsinger一位流行歌手6haveanewlook呈现新面貌7goshopping(dosomeshopping)去购物8thecaptainofthebasketballteam篮球队队长9bepopularwithsb为---所喜爱10stoptodosth停下来去做某事11stopdoingsth停止正在做的事情12telljokes/stories讲笑话/讲故事13havefundoingsth愉快地做某事14remember(forget)todosth记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）15remember(forget)doingsth记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）16oneof------中的一个二．本单元的重点句：1Isthatyourfriend?No,itisn’t.2Whatdoesshelooklike?3IthinkIknowher.(Idon’tthinkIknowher.)4WangLinisthecaptainofthebasketballteam.5She’salittlebitquiet.6XuQianlovestotelljokes.7Sheneverstopstalking.8Shelikesreadingandplayingchess.9Idon’tthinkhe’ssogreat.10Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.11Nowhehasanewlook.三．重难点解析1Whatdoes/do+主语+looklike?询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg:Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?2形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg:Shehaslongcurlyblackhair.3oneof+名词复数，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。Eg:Oneofhisfriendsisaworker.4不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面．\nEg:Icangoshoppingandnobodyknowsme.5．Heis…(通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等)Hehas…（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）Hewears…（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）6．Idon’tthink…的用法表达否定的看法Idon’tthinksheisgood-looking.Unit8I’dlikesomenoodles一．短语1．beefandtomatonoodles＼noodleswithbeefandtomato牛肉西红柿面chickenandcabbagenoodlesmuttonandpotatonoodlestomatoandeggnoodlesbeefandcarrotnoodles2．wouldliketodosth\wanttodosth想要作某事3．whatkindofnoodles什么种类的面条4．whatsizebowlofnoodles什么大小碗型的面5．alarge＼medium\smallbowlofnoodles大＼中＼小碗的面6．icecream冰淇淋orangejuice桔汁greentea绿茶RMB人民币phonenumber7．HouseofDumplings＼noodles饺子＼面馆DessertHouse甜点屋二．重点句型1．Whatkindofvegetables\meat\drinkfoodwouldyoulike?I’dlike……I’dlikechickenandcabbagenoodles.2.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?I’dlikebeefnoodles.3.Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?I’dlikechickenandcabbagenoodles.4.Whatsizebowl\plateofnoodleswouldyoulike?⑴单词1.介词：in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中"，"在……内"。例如：inourclass在我们班上inmybag在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里\n2).on表示"在……上"。例如：onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在……下"。例如：underthetree在树下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如：behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如：neartheteacher'sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……处"。例如：atschool在学校athome在家atthedoor在门口7).of表示"……的"。例如：apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofChina一张中国地图2.冠词a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如anapple.a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。Thisisacat.这是一只猫。It'sanEnglishbook.这是一本英语书。\nHisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who'stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?------Icanseeabag.------Where'sthebag?------It'sonthedesk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀？------我能看见一个书包。------书包在哪呀？------在桌子上。3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如：Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗？②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。\n4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。Heisn'tathomenow.他现在不在家。It'sapictureofmyfamily.这是一张我全家的照片。5.little的用法alittledog一只小狗，alittleboy一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。这是另外一些词的用法，可能有重复。这些仅供参考，可能有错误。