句型(初中英语) 3页

(句子Sentences句子：是由词按语法规则构成的一个语言单位。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。包括主语（subject谓语(Verb表语(Predicative)宾语Object宾语补足语(ObjectComplement定语和状语句子分类句型例题解析注意事项按目的分陈述句肯定句语序：主+谓+其它Shegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday否定句语序：主+be/助（do/does/did/have）/情（can/will/…）+not+谓+其它Shetoschoolbybikeeveryday疑问句一般问句语序以be/助（do/does/did/have）/情（can/will/…）开头+主+谓+其它shetoschoolbybikeeveryday?特殊疑问句：语序：以疑问词开头+一般问句Shetoschooleveryday?选择疑问句：语序：一般问句+or+选择部分（省略的一般问句）？（用onfoot转变选择问句）反意疑问句语序：陈述句（肯/否）+简短问句（否/肯）Shegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday,?祈使句的反意问句特例？祈使句肯定祈使句：常见的是用动词原形开头+其它Givemeacupofcoffee,please.否定祈使句：Don’t+动词原形+其它givemeacupoftea,please.感叹句What(a/an)+形+名（单）！Whatdeciousfood!Whataninterestingstory!How+形/副+主+谓！（这两种感叹句一般可以转换）How!How!按结构分简单句（主语+谓语）1．主+谓（S+V）Hecanswim2．主+谓+宾（S+V+O）（宾语是动作的对象）Sheplaysthepiano3．主+系+表（S+V+P）　（表语是说明主语是什么或怎么样）Thedaysgetlongerandlonger4．主+谓+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）Mothergavemearedpen.5．主+谓+宾+宾补（S+V+O+OC）Wemustkeepclassroomclean.HecallsmeTom并列句简单句+并列连词（常见并列连词but,and,or,so）+简单句Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.IlikedthestoryverymuchbutLiMingdidn’tlikeit.复合句状语从句时间状从从属连词有when,while,as,since,after,before,assoonas,untillIdidn't’gotobeduntilmidnightyesterday.\n主句+连词+从句（从属于主句并充当主句的一个成分）条件状从(if,unless=ifnot引导)（提醒：在时间和条件状从句中，要遵循主将从现的原则）Ifheisallrighttomorrow,hewillcome.IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.原因状从(由because――表明直接原因且跟在主句后，不用逗号隔开。since,as,――常位主句前，表示较明显的原因，for在主句后，用逗开与主句分开，不是直接而推断)Tomwasnotatschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.Sinceeveryoneishere,Let’sbeginAshehadnocar,shestayedathome.Isleptsoon,forIwastired.目的、结果状从（sothat,so/such…that,inorderthat引导）Theweatherissonicethatallofuswanttogotothepark.=It’ssuchniceweatherthatallofuswanttogotothepark.让步状从（由though,although，evenif(即使)however,nomatterwhat引导Itwasnotverycoldalthough/thoughitwassnowing.比较状从主要运用于形容词和副词的原级\比较级\最高级的句中.Herunsasfastasyou.Themoreyouspeak,thebetteryou’llspeak.宾语从句主句+that+陈述句Sheissurethatshecanwinthegame.主句+if/whether+陈述句(if\whether可以互换,但特例情况下须用whether)Iwonderifyoucanshowusaroundyourschool主句+wh…+陈述句Pleasetellmewhenyouwereborn.宾语从句的三大原则：语序：陈述句时态的一致性　引导词　　　　　Hethinkshecangowithyou（否），　　　　　　　　　　难点：前置否定的宾从变反意问句，反意疑问句主谓语要与从句一致，否则与主句一致　Ibelieveheisastudent(否)，　　　　　　　　　　定语从句由关系代词或副词引导的句子修饰一个名词或代词的从句。从句放在被修饰的词之后。思考步骤：一．找出先行词二．确定关系词三．明确关系词在从句中所担任的成分，以确定关系代词的格四．最后确定定语从句的时态，人称和数关系词：引导定从的词。它们是：who,whosewhom,which,that,when,why,where起着代词和连词的作用。既代替前面的先行词的意义又起连接作用。先行词：被定从修饰的词。先行词指物用that,which,指人用that,who/whomthat和which一般互用，但在一些特殊情况下，只用that,或which\n练习：一、按要求给句：1．Theyhadfishandvegetablesforlunchyesterday.(改为否定句)2．He’sworkedherefortenyears.(就划线部分提问)3．TodayisMarch19,2007.（同上)4．Letushavearest,？(写出反意问句)5．Let’shavearest,？(同上)6．Don’tforgettoturnoffthelights.（同上）7．Openthewindow,（同上）8．Thesebuildingsareveryexpensive.(变成感叹句)9．Theyhadanexcitingfootballgamejustnow.(同上)10．HewatchedTVyesterday.(playcomputergames变成选择问句)二、简单句的五种基本句型1.Childrenlikeplayingbasketball.2.Birdscanfly3.HegaveTomapresent4.Theteachertaughtmehowtoreadtheword.5.Hegaveusalotofhelp.6.Themapisonthewallofourclassroom三、将下列各句合并成含有定语从句的句子1.Theysawagoodfilmlastweek.ThefilmwasdirectedbyZhangYimou2.Theschoolisafamousschool.Hersonisstudyingintheschool.3.Thatisthereason.Iwanttogotoshanghai.4.Theuniversityisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.Jordanstudied.5.TheboyisfromNewYork.Histrousersareyellow.6.Wearegoingtolookforawoman.Thewomancanmendshoes.7.Thebookssellwell,Shewrotesomebooks.四将下列句子变成宾语从句：1.HehasbeentoXi’antwice.Hetoldus.2.WheredoesPeterlivenow?Doyouknow?3.Areyouadoctororanurse?Heasks.4.What’sthematter,Peter?Sheasked5.Youhavepassedtheexam,Heisglad.6.Whocancatchthatbird?Sheasked7.Didtheystayuptoolatelastnight?She’dliketoknow8.Whatdotheydowiththeoldbooks?Canyoutellme?9.Doessheworkhardatschool?Herfatherasked10.Howcanyougettotherailwaystation?They’dliketoknow四、改错题1.Ifitwillbefinetomorrow,we’llgotothezoo.2.Assoonashefinishthework,hewillcometoseeus.3.Althoughtheyarestudents,buttheyarenotpayingattentioninclass.4.Ireallydon’tknowwheredoeshework.5.ShegaveupEnglishsinceitwastoodifficultforher.6.Sheissoabeautifulgirlthateverybodylikesher.7.ItwasfiveyearssincehebecameaYoungPioneer.8.SheisoneofthetallestgirlthatIhaveeverseen.9.ThebikesheboughtityesterdayismadeinJapan.10.Wehaveleftourhomeforfourweeks.11.Sheisenoughstrongtocarryit12.Couldyoutellmewhendoesyourfathergetupeveryday?13.Hesaidthathewillcometomyhomethisevening.14.Thesebooksaretoodifficulttoreadthem15.Wedon'tthinktheyhavepassedthetest,don’tthey?16.I’mgoingtotheUSAwhichIwanttowork.17.TheteacherwhoheisgivingatalktothestudentsisMrZhang.18.Thisisthedictionarythat/whichIwanttobuyit.19.Don’tlateforschool20.Hedoesn’thishomeworkintheevening21.Ihadn’tbreakfastthismorning.22.Whatterribletheweatheris!23.Idon’tthinkyouareright,doI?24.Don’tworkalldaylong,doyou?25.MrGreenhadsuchlittlemoneythathecouldn’taffordanything26.ThisisthefirsttripwhichIhavemadeinmylife.27.IsthereanythingwhichIcandoforyou?28TheoldesttreewhichIhaveeverseeniscalled“StrongPerson”.